Biochemistry introduction
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Transcript of Biochemistry introduction
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INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRYBIOCHEMISTRY
BY- DR.ARMAAN SINGH
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BEFORE BCH 400
After BCH 400
BCH 400 is heavy on content!!!
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COME TO CLASS!!!!!!
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TRY NOT TO FALL BEHIND!!
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USE TOOLS TO MEMORIZE
Histidine?
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Study in groups
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PARTICIPATE IN THE CLICKER SYSTEM!!!
20 extra credit points!!
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Feel Free to see me!My office hours are Tuedays from 2:00 to 3:00 PM
Or e-mail me for a private audience
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WHAT IS BIOCHEMISTRY?
Biochemistry = chemistry of life.
Biochemists use physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level.
Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism
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HOW DOES BIOCHEMISTRY IMPACT YOU?Medicine
Agriculture
Industrial applications
Environmental applications
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PRINCIPLE AREAS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Structure and function of biological macromolecules
Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes.
Molecular Genetics – How life is replicated. Regulation of protein synthesis
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LIFE BEFORE BIOCHEMISTRY
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ONCE UPON A TIME, A LONG LONG TIME AGO…..Vitalism: idea that substances and processes
associated with living organisms did not behave according to the known laws of physics and chemistry
Evidence: 1) Only living things have a high degree of
complexity2) Only living things extract, transform and
utilize energy from their environment3) Only living things are capable of self
assembly and self replication
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ORIGINS OF BIOCHEMISTRY: A CHALLENGE TO “VITALISM.”
Famous Dead Biochemist!
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Fallacy #1: Biochemicals can only be produced by living organisms
•1828 Friedrich Wohler
•Dead Biochemist #1
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FALLACY #2: COMPLEX BIOCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REQUIRE LIVING MATTER
•1897 Eduard Buchner
Dead Biochemists #2
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
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FALLACY #2: COMPLEX BIOCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REQUIRE LIVING MATTER
Emil Fischer
Dead Biochemists #3
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Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical
substances require living matter
Dead Biochemists #4
1926 J.B. Sumner
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Findings of other famous dead biochemist
• 1944 Avery, MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules
• 1953 Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA
• 1958 Crick proposed the central dogma of biology
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ORGANIZATION OF LIFE
elementssimple organic compounds (monomers)macromolecules (polymers)supramolecular structuresorganellescellstissuesorganisms
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RANGE OF THE SIZES OF OBJECTS STUDIES BY BIOCHEMIST AND BIOLOGIST
1 angstrom = 0.1 nm
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Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, HLess abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, ClTrace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, ZnTrace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I,
ELEMENTS OF LIFE
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IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
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MANY IMPORTANT BIOMOLECULES ARE POLYMERS
p r o t e i n c o m p l e x
p r o t e i n s u b u n i t
a m i n o a c i d
m e m b r a n e
p h o s p h o l i p i d
f a t t y a c i d
c e ll w a ll
c e llu lo s e
g lu c o s e
c h r o m o s o m e
D N A
n u c l e o t i d emonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
lipids proteins carbo nucleic acids
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LIPIDS
m e m b r a n e
p h o s p h o l i p i d
f a t t y a c i dmonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
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PROTEINS
monomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure Enzyme complex
protein subunit
amino acid
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CARBOHYDRATES
c e ll w a ll
c e llu lo s e
g lu c o s emonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
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c h r o m a t i n
D N A
n u c l e o t i d emonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
NUCLEIC ACIDS
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Common theme:
Monomers form polymers through condensations
Polymers are broken down through hydrolysis.
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PROKARYOTE CELL
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CELLULAR ORGANIZATION OF AN E. COLI CELL
200 – 300 mg protein / mL cytoplasm
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EUKARYOTE CELL
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