EOC Packet #1

Biochemistry, Cells, & Cellular DivisionEOC Packet #1Basic InformationSix Elements:CarbonHydrogenOxygenNitrogenSulfurPhosphorousMoleculeSmallest representative piece of a compoundExample: Water, carbon dioxide

Organic Compounds:Must contain carbonExamples: nucleic acids, protein, carbohydrates, lipids, Class NameElementsFunctionExamplesCarbohydrates C,H,OStorage of EnergySugar, StarchesLipidsC,H,OEnergy, Waterproof Coverings, Chemical MessengersFats, oils, waxesProteinC,H,O,P,N,SStructural Support, Chemical Messengers (enzymes)EnzymesNucleic AcidC,H,O,P,NGenetic MaterialDNA, RNAEnzymesBelong to the class of compounds..proteins

Their job is to.. Catalyze reactions

Effectiveness if dependent on..Temperature, pH, substrate/enzyme concentration

Job is linked to structure..Active site of enzyme matches up with substrate shape

Breakdown of food (example: break down of lactose by lactase); Cell respiration; DNA Replication

Basic InformationHomeostasis: maintaining a constant environment

Water- helps provide homeostasis in the body; absorbs water soluble substances; excretion of wastes; osmotic balance

Cells regulate the flow of molecules in and out of the cell using the CELL MEMBRANE

DIFFUSION is the process that moves solutes from high concentration to low concentration.

OSMOSIS is the process that moves water from hypotonic (low solute/high water) areas to hypertonic (high solute/low water) areas

ACTIVE TRANSPORT is a process that requires energy to move charged ions through the membrane.

Membranes FunctionIt is selectively permeable so it only allows certain things to enter and exit the cell

Once inside the cell different molecules can be used for different purposes.

Sugars are used by the cell for cell respiration

Proteins are broken down into subunits called amino acids and used to build new proteins

Cells.Cells are made of many small structures called ORGANELLES each of which has a specific job. List several jobs performed by the parts of the cells: Make proteins (ribosomes); transport (ER); storage (vacuole)

When do cells divide?Growth or repair (injury)MITOSISMEIOSISAUTOSOMES/BODY CELLS

SEX CELLSDIPLOID

HAPLOIDONE DIVISION

TWO DIVISIONSYMBOLIZED AS 2NSYMBOLIZED AS NBody cells or autosomes have two times the amount of chromosomes than sex cells.Example: sperm/egg cell has 23 chromosomes while body cells have 46 chromosomes

Mistakes during mitosis and meiosis lead to different problems.

Which one is more likely to lead to a defect in the entire body of an organism? MeiosisWhich one is more likely to lead to a defect in a single body part?Mitosis

Mutations: change in a DNA sequenceCauses: UV light, Cancer, Smoking

Pathogens: anything that causes a diseaseCauses: viruses like influenza, mumps

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