Biochemistry
description
Transcript of Biochemistry
Regents Biology
Biochemistry Macromolecules!
CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
Regents Biology
Carbon & Organic Molecules Compounds that contain CARBON are
called organic.
Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell Carbon can form covalent bonds with as
many as 4 other atoms (elements) Usually with H, O, N, or C
Regents Biology
Carbohydrates
Regents Biology 2009-2010
Carbohydrates:OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
Energy molecules
Regents Biology
Carbohydrates
Building block molecules =
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugars
Regents Biology
sucrose
Carbohydrates Function:
Quick energy Energy storage Structure
Cell walls Exoskeletons
Examples Simple sugars Starches/glycogen Cellulose/chitin
glucoseC6H12O6
starch
Regents Biology
Sugars = building blocks Names for sugars usually end in
glucose fructose sucrose maltose OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
H
OH
O
glucoseC6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
-ose
Regents Biology
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|glucose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
2 sugars = disaccharide
|maltose
mono = onesaccharide = sugar
di = two
Regents Biology
Building carbohydrates Synthesis
|fructose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|sucrose
(table sugar)
2 sugars = disaccharide
How sweetit is!
Regents Biology
Quick review: On your own1. What’s the chemical formula of
glucose?
2. Name one monosaccharide
3. Name one disaccharide
4. Name one polysaccharide
Regents Biology
BIG carbohydrates Polysaccharides
large carbohydrates starch
energy storage in plants potatoes
glycogen energy storage in animals
in liver & muscles cellulose
structure in plants cell walls
chitin structure in arthropods & fungi
exoskeleton
poly = many
Regents Biology
Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch(plant)
glycogen(animal)
energystorage
polysaccharide
Regents Biology
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
enzyme
enzyme
Regents Biology
Quick Review: With a partner What’s the difference between starch
and glycogen as far as humans are concerned?
Regents Biology
Cellulose Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients
cellulose = roughage stays undigested keeps material
moving in your intestines
Regents Biology
Different Diets of HerbivoresCow
can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars
Gorillacan’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet
Regents Biology
Helpful bacteria How can cows digest cellulose so well?
BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…Chewing
cud?
Regents Biology
Quick write: On your own Why are carbohydrates necessary to
yours survival? 3 minutes to write 3-4 sentences.