Biochar: Is it a Promising Technology for Bangladesh?benjapan.org/wea_files/29shamimmia.pdf ·...
Transcript of Biochar: Is it a Promising Technology for Bangladesh?benjapan.org/wea_files/29shamimmia.pdf ·...
Biochar: Is it a Promising Technology for Bangladesh?Bangladesh?
Shamim Mia, Tjisse Hiemstra
Presentation Overview 1
Introduction
Uniqueness of biochar
Biochar and plant
Mechanism of cation retention
Mechanism of P bioavailability
Relevance to Bangladesh
What is Biochar? 2
Biochar is pyrolysed feedstock under limited or no supply of O2
Waste management• Use of waste for biochar production (Lehmann 2007)
PyrolysisPyrolysisBioenergy
Bi ti f bi l i
• Use of waste for biochar production (Lehmann 2007)
Soil amendment and C-sequestration
• Bioenergy generation from biomass pyrolysis (Lehmann,2007, Laird,2008)
Soil amendment and C sequestration• Increased fertility (Glaser 2007; Sombroek et al. 2002)• C- sequestration for >100yrs (Downie et al. 2012;Lehmann 2007)• 12% GHS reduction per year (Woolf, et al., 2010)
Picture source: http://www.environmenttimes.co.uk/news_detail.aspx?news_id=1003http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/bangladesh-set-to-receive-carbon-credits-for-composting/
Why is biochar unique? 3
Porous -high surface area (Inyang et al ,2012)
H d h bi t i lHydrophobic material (Qiu et al., 2009)
Aromatic structure- recalcitrant (Downie et al. 2012; Lehmann 2007;Esben et al., 2012; Swift 2001
Small molecule with few fused aromatic rings (6-7) (Mao et al., 2012; Hiemstra, 2012)
High charge density high CEC (Hiemstra 2012; Méndez et al 2012; Hossain et al 2010)High charge density -high CEC (Hiemstra,2012; Méndez et al., 2012; Hossain et al., 2010)
Pictures: Graber et al 2010; Lehmann and Joseph 2009;Mao et al., 2012
How does it affect plants? 4
Reduce C-mineralization- recalcitrant organic matter (Biqing Liang et al., 2010;Cross & Sohi, 2011)
Improve physical properties of soil (Busscher et al., 2010; Ayodele et al. 2009; Winsley,Improve physical properties of soil (Busscher et al., 2010; Ayodele et al. 2009; Winsley, 2007)
Increase nutrient availability and retention (Laird, 2008; Blackwell et al., 2010, Laird et al., 2010), )
Increase microbial activity (Lehmann et al. 2011; Blackwell et al. 2010)
Increase CEC (Glaser et al 2002;Singh et al 2010)Increase CEC (Glaser, et al. 2002;Singh, et al. 2010)
Adsorption of pollutants(Zhuet al. 2005; Qiu et al., 2009; Beesley, et al. 2010)
K+ NH4+
Increase water holding capacity(Brewer et al., 2012;Major et.al, 2011)
Increase pH (Glaser et al 2002; Méndez 2012)
Graber et al 2010; Mao et al,2012http://mycorrhizas.info/root.html
Increase pH (Glaser, et al. 2002; Méndez, 2012)
Mechanism of cation retention 5
Name of humicacid
Charge at pH 7
(mol
Size of molecule
5
-4
-3
/ kgC
)
Acid Base Titration in 0.1M NaNO3of B4
1 base addition
1 acid addition
+/kg C)Young forest soil 4.0 Big
Old Podzol soil 6 5 Small 9
-8
-7
-6
-5
Cha
rge
(mol
+ / 1 acid addition
2 base addition
2 acid addition
3 base titration
acid addition 3
Old Podzol soil 6.5 Small
Beech wood humic acid
9.0 -11
-10
-9
3 5 7 9 11pH
K+ NH4+
High CEC is responsible for nutrient retention!
K+ 4
Graber et al 2010; Mao et al,2012http://mycorrhizas.info/root.html
Mechanism of P bioavailability 6
H+
nerg
y
POPCBA is responsible for
r)ox
ide
trost
atic
en
FA
PO4PCBA is responsible for higher P bioavailability!
z
Met
al (h
ydr
Ele
ct0
FA
HAM0 HA
Stern layer
Free solution
Diffuse Double Layer
Surface
Relevance to Bangladesh 7
Organic matter status can be increased gSoil OM status:
most soil<1.5%, and some soils <1% (Fertilizer recommendation guide, 2005. p48)
Nutrient retention can be improved (Laird et al., 2010)
Bi il bili f P b i d iBio-availability of P can be increased in acid soil (Madhupur tract)
Relevance to Bangladesh 8
Use of municipal waste (Dhaka city : > 3000 tons per day)
Cooking with biochar stoveCooking with biochar stove
Use of poultry litterCan we explore its’ potentials?
Reclamation of polluted soil
Picture:chttp://www.biochar-international.org/
Thank you for your attention!
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