Bioassessment of the San Joaquin River: Implications for ......San Joaquin River Restoration Program...
Transcript of Bioassessment of the San Joaquin River: Implications for ......San Joaquin River Restoration Program...
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Bioassessment of theSan Joaquin River:
Implications for Chinook Salmon Habitat Restoration
Amy Krisch
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Chinook SalmonOncorhynchus tshawytschaAnadromousCalifornia’s Central Valley runs
Fall/late fall = species of concern Winter = endangered Spring = threatened
♀
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Chinook Salmon Lifecycleredd
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Chinook Salmon Freshwater Habitat
Cobble/gravel beds
Vegetation, woody debris
Pools
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Benthic macroinvertebrates
Fry and parr food source
Indicators of freshwater habitat conditions
Family Chironomidae
Chinook Salmon Freshwater Habitat
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San Joaquin RiverHistorically abundant population of Chinook
Mostly nonexistent today between:
Hills Ferry barrier (Merced River)
Friant Dam
Degraded habitat
Over 60 miles of
insufficient flows
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Restoration Settlement Act of 2009
San Joaquin River Restoration Program Increase Friant Dam flow releases
Reintroduce spring-run Chinook salmon
Bioassessment of 2010-2012 habitat conditions
SWAMP bioassessment
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San Joaquin River Restoration Area
Eastside Bypass
Map credit: A. León
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San Joaquin River Reach 1Reference site
Sites with good biological condition 2010 preliminary
bioassessment analysis
Central Valley index of biotic integrity
Minimally disturbed conditions
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Research Objectives2010 and 2011 SWAMP bioassessment
Abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates San Joaquin River Reach 2 – 5
Which differed from Reach 1?
Which should be restored?
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Research Objectives2010 and 2011 SWAMP bioassessment
Physical habitat variables• Which require restoration for salmon?
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Method: SWAMP Bioassessment
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Results: Benthic Macroinvertebrates (BMIs)
Caddisfly – Mysticides habitus Mayfly – Callibaetis habitus
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Number of BMI Samples Collected
Year Reach 1 Reach 2 Reach 3 Reach 4 Reach 5 Total
2010 11 10 6 2 5 342011 10 8 9 5 1 33
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Summary of BMI Results
2010 2011Total Number of Samples Collected 34 33Total Number of BMIs 9,722 6,711Minimum Number 48 11Maximum Number 622 595Mean 285.9 203.4Standard Error 31.3 33.9
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Research ObjectivesAbundance and diversity of
benthic macroinvertebrates San Joaquin River Reach 2 – 5
Which differed from Reach 1?
Which should be restored?
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95% confidence interval
BMI Abundance: One-way ANOVA
p-value = 0.016
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BMI Abundance:Dunnett’s Test
2010 Reach 5 was
different from 1 Reach 2, 3, 4
were similar to 1
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BMI Abundance: One-way ANOVA
95% confidence interval p-value = 0.010
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2011 Reach 2, 5 were
different from 1 Reach 3, 4 were
similar to 1
BMI Abundance:Dunnett’s Test
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San Joaquin River Restoration Area
Eastside Bypass
Map credit: A. León
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Which reaches should be restored? Reach 2
• Historically dry most of the year
• Sandy substrate
• Limited water conveyance
BMI Abundance
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Which reaches should be restored?Reach 5
• Flows from adjacent waterways
• Agricultural areas
• Poor water quality
BMI Abundance
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Research ObjectivesAbundance and diversity of
benthic macroinvertebrates San Joaquin River Reach 2 – 5
Which differed from Reach 1?
Which should be restored?
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Simpson’s Index of Diversity
N = total # per sampling reachn = total # per speciesRanges from zero to oneHigher index = higher diversity
N (N – 1)1 – D = 1 – Σi
n-1
ni (ni – 1)
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Simpson’s Index: One-way ANOVA
95% confidence interval p-value = 0.002
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95% confidence interval p-value = 0.000
Simpson’s Index: One-way ANOVA
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Results: Physical Habitat Variables
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Physical Habitat Variables: PCAPC 1
(20.4%)PC 2
(15.6%)Depth 0.332 0.008
% Gravel 0.099 0.393Riparian Vegetation Complexity
0.395 0.057
Instream Habitat Complexity
0.328 0.023
% Fast Water Habitat -0.064 0.506
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PC 1: Physical Habitat Complexity
Addition of: Boulders Woody debris Artificial structures Riparian canopy
vegetationDam!
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Addition of gravelAlter streambed topography:
Boulders Woody debris Artificial
structuresCreates
upwelling and downwelling
PC 2: Physical Habitat for Redds
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Committee: Dr. Brian Tsukimura (chair), Dr. Ruth Ann Kern, Dr. Andrew Gordus
CA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife: M. Gordus, A. León, B. Espino, J. Harrington, P. Ode, A. Ferranti, J. Means
Data collection: R. McNeal, K. Gipson, S. Corcoran, M. Hubble, S. Roberts, S. Lajoie, N. McLachlin, M. Grill, J. Vang, L. Castro, J. Kitch, F. Vang, C. Collin, B. Gaylon, J.Morales, S. Rutherford, B. Soto
Acknowledgments
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Questions?