bioactive compounds Synthesis
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Transcript of bioactive compounds Synthesis
from LATIN WORD (synthesis, “to put
together”)
The basic definition of chemical synthesis
is that it is the construction of complex
chemical compounds from simpler ones
Research purpose
Industrial purpose
Consumer useage
A famous example of successful
chemical synthesis is Taxol, an
anticancer drug isolated from the Pacific
yew tree in the 1960s.
Construction of carbon skeleton
Introduction or removal of function
group
Stable intermediate
Desired product formation
Product’s reasonable yield
Having an effect upon a living organism,
tissue, or cell. Biologically active.
Antibiotic, enzymes, and vitamins are all
bioactive substances.
These compounds vary widely in
chemical structure and function
, flavonoids (in cereals, legumes, nuts,
olive oil, vegetables, fruits, tea, and red
wine.)
Antioxidants (green vegitables)
Phytoestrogen(soy, but also in flaxseed
oil, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables)
ETC etc
FLAVANOIDES:
Flavonoids are benzo-γ-pyrone derivatives consisting of phenolic and pyran rings and are classified according to substitutions. The biological properties of flavonoids are considered in an evaluation of the medicinal and nutritional values of these compounds. Certain plants and spices containing flavonoids have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine. The wide range of biological activities of these compounds includes antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral etc.
FOUND IN Passiflora
caerulea
It is a base catalyzed rearrangement. The
substituted o-hydroxy acetophenones on
benzoylation with benzoyl chloride is converted to
esters. Esters undergo rearrangement in the
presence of a base to the diketones, which then
undergo cyclisation to flavones .
Flavones can be obtained from o-
hydroxyacetophenone which is treated
with benzoic acid anhydride and sodium
benzoate and then subsequently
heated.
Chrysin is a natural flavonoid
anticancer effects.
Brain healthprotection;
Protective effects neuronal cell death
Helpful forbodybuilding
for the synthesis of flavonols utilizes Claisen
condensation between benzaldehyde and o-
hydroy acetophenone. Flavanone is obtained on
acidification of condensation product, which on
reaction with isoamyl nitrite and subsequent
hydrolysis gives flavonols.
• Heart disease. Some research suggests that eating foods rich in quercetin, such as tea, onions and apples, can reduce the risk of heart disease-related death in elderly men.
• High cholesterol. Short-term use of quercetinsupplements does not seem to lower “bad cholesterol” (low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol), lower total cholesterol, or raise “good cholesterol” (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol).
• decrease in blood pressure
• Lung cancer. Some research suggests that consuming high amounts of quercetin in the diet might reduce the chance of developing lung cancer, especially in men who smoke.
biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications. However, chemical compounds may show some adverse and toxic effects which may prevent their use in medical practice.
Benserazide is a peripherally-
acting aromatic L-amino acid
decarboxylase
BENEFITS AND USES: It is used in the
management of Parkinson's disease. In
Parkinson's disease, a number of cells in
a small part of the brain called the
substantia nigra become damaged and
die
2,3,4 trihydroxy benzaldehye reacts with
serine hydrazide
. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and
its molecular weight is 331.4 g/mol. It is a
faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline
substance
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum
antibiotic active against both and
Gram-negative bacteria.
Ciprofloxacin is used to treat a wide
variety of infections, including infections
of bones and joints. Ciprofloxacin only
treats bacterial infections; it does not
treat viral infections such as the common
cold
The condensation of 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl chloride (I) with diethyl malonate by means of magnesium ethoxide in ether gives diethyl 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoylmalonate (II), which is partially hydrolyzed and decarboxylated with p-toluenesulfonic acid water yielding ethyl 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoylacetate . Condensation of this with triethyl orthoformate in refluxing acetic anhydride affords ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-ethoxyacrylate (III), which is treated with cyclopropylamine (IV) in ethanol to give ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-cyclopropylaminoacrylate . The cyclization of ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-cyclopropylaminoacrylate with NaH in refluxing dioxaneyields 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (V), which is finally condensed with piperazine in hot DMSO to afford the target compound ciprofloxacin.