Bioaccumulation of radioactive cesium Cs) by sunflower...
Transcript of Bioaccumulation of radioactive cesium Cs) by sunflower...
Bioaccumulation of radioactive cesium (137Cs) by sunflower cultivation project
Weeraphan Sridokchan (Ph.D.) Department of Agronomy
Faculty of Agriculture at KPS
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Phyto = plant
Remediate = restoring balance / neutralize the contaminants
Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove or neutralize contaminants, as in polluted soil orwater.
What is a phytoremediation?
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Pollution
The contamination of air, water, or soil by substances that are harmful to living organisms
Toxic / hazardous substances (Inorganic / organic)1. Heavy metal such as Pb, Cd, Hg2. Toxic element such as Arsenic (As)3. Organic toxic compound such as
polyaromatichydrocarbon (PAH), organotin, etc.4. Radioactive compound such as 238U, 137Cs, etc.
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Major sources of soil pollution
Human made sourceDomestic waste ‐ Hazardous waste Industrial waste ‐ Radioactive waste Agriculture waste ‐ Infectious waste
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Radioactive The element that has unstable isotope (release proton and electron all the time) therefore its mass is reduce continuously (change to another element)
Haft life = a time that each radioactive element reduce its biomass to 50%
618/01/62 ดร. วรีะพนัธุ์ สรีดอกจนัทร์
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Cesium (Cs)
Cesium (Cs), normal isotope is 133 and belonging to Gr1 earth element very safety for living organism.
Iodine ( I ), normal isotope is 129 and belonging to Gr7 in periodic table.
Radioactive 137Cs and 131I are rare elements in the nature but their occur as the intermediate element in nuclear fission reactor.
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Chain reaction
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Nuclear Power Plant: cooling system
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Nuclear power plant exploration
Very rare event !!2 times ‐ Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, 1986
U, Po, Cs and I‐ Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, 2011 Cs and I
Source://en.wikipedia.org
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Haft life of radioactive element
131I is 8 days
137Cs is 30 years, most contaminated in soil and water
238U is 4.47 billion years
239Po is 24,000 years
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Sunflower Vs radioactive element
After nuclear power plant in Chernobyl explosive, scientist found 60 plant sp. can tolerate and grow in the high radioactive contaminated area (Anspaugh et al., 1988 ).
Only sunflower can accumulate high concentration of radioactive Cs in its above ground part (stem and leaf).
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Sunflower that grow on floating material can reduce the concentration of U up to 95% in stream water in Chernobyl’s contaminated area
The U concentration was reduce from 350 ppb to 5 ppb (the accepted level in ground water) (Anspaugh et al., 1988)
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Type of phytoremediation
1. Phytodegradation2. Phytoextraction (or phytoaccumulation)
3. Phytostabilization4. Phytofiltration (wetlands)5. Phytovolatilization
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Phytoremediation
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Phytoextraction
Using the plant that can uptake and accumulate the toxic element in high concentration in its above ground biomass without toxicity to plant
Suitable for inorganic element such as heavy metal (lead cadmium mercury) and toxic element (arsenic) and radioactive element (137Cs)
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Plant response mechanism on metals
A: accumulator
B: IndicatorC: Excluder
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Post harvest for hyperaccumulating plant
The harvested part should rich in accumulated contaminant and easy to harvest.
After harvest, have to reduce its volume by drying,
ashing or composing (depend on the type of toxic substance).
In case of bio‐radioactive, the decomposing by anaerobic bacteria is recommended to use.
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Post harvest: reduce the volume by ashing or burning
The nickel hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii native to South Africa.
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High quality of nickel metal from phytoextraction technique
(Phytomining)
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The advantage of sunflower for phytoremediation
High above ground biomass (when compare with the other hyperaccumulating plant)
Fast growing and short life span (60 days/ harvest) can grow 2 cycles per year in Sendai, Japan
Easy to grow and drought tolerant
Recreation area (people mind)
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Soil condition for Cs phytoaccumulation
Cs is not a plant essential element, in case of high Ca concentration in soil, the Cs uptake by sunflower will extremely decrease (Massas et al., 2010 ).
Therefore the soil survey of Cs, Ca concentration and soil property before starting the Cs phytoremediation project in contaminated area is very important.
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Cs phytoaccumulation project Cooperation between Department of Agronomy, KPS campus and Fujitsu company group (Thailand)
Activity plan (phase I) October – December 2011 : grow and collect the sunflower seed in KU (KPS campus)
Send the seed to Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan (coordinator) in February 2012
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Activity plan (phase II)
May 2012: grow sunflower in Fukushima daiiji nuclear power plant area
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Soil preparation (Oct 1-3, 2011)
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Nov 5, 2011: first fertilizer application
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Nov 5, 2011 (21 days after planting, DAP)
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Nov 17, 2011 (33 DAP)
Activity during Kaset Fair ’11 (50 DAP)
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Sunflower field
Seed development (65 DAP)
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Seed collection (75‐80 DAP)
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Bioaccumulation of radioactive cesium (137 Cs)
by sunflower cultivation project
December 2, 2011at Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen campus
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บทความที่ลงหนงัสือพิมพ ์ เดลินิวส์ออนไลน์ ;
วนัพธุ ที่ 04 พฤษภาคม 2554
http://www.eastasiawatch.in.th/downloads/files/sunflower%20vs%20nuke.pdf
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Royal projectโครงการพระราชดําริ ที่แหลมผกัเบีย้