Bio Form5 Chapter1 Transport 1-2c
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Transcript of Bio Form5 Chapter1 Transport 1-2c
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LEARNINGOUTCOMES
To state what a circulatorysystem is,
To state the three componentsof circulatory system in
humans & animals
To state the medium oftransport humans & animals
To state the composition of
human blood
Explain the function of blood &haemolymph in transport
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CIRCUL TORY SYSTEM The mass flow of fluid through the tissues &
organ of the organism.
The bodily system consisting of the heart,blood vessels, and blood that circulates
blood throughout the body, delivers nutrients
and other essential materials to cells, andremoves waste products
Allows for the transport & exchange ofnutrients, oxygen & waste products.
Also protecting the body against infection.
3 main components : a medium(blood),vessels(arteries, capillaries & veins) & a
pump(heart).
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Blood Haemolymph Blood
medium of transport in human &animals
Transport O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones
& waste products. Regulate the pH of body fluid, the body
temperature & the water content ofcells.
Protects the body against diseases,blood clots to protect the body againstexcessive blood loss following an injury.
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Haemolymphin many arthropods
(such as insects) and certain molluscs,
fills in the entire body cavity(haemocoel).
A circulating blood-likefluid with an
open circulatory system
Transport water, inorganic salts &
organic compounds The haemolymph bathes the tissues &
internal organ directly.
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2 main components of human blood
55% plasma 45% blood cells
1. Pale yellow liquid
2. 90% of water10% of a variety ofdissolved substances
> nutrient
> mineral ions> antibodies> enzymes> hormones
1.Red blood cells
2. White blood cells
3. platelets
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Contain 5 million RBC in every millilitre of humanbloodErythrocytes is shaped like a biconcave disc
(thinner at the centre than at its edge) largeTSA/V ratio for gaseous exchange
7.5-8.0 m in diameter
Has a thin plasma membrane
Small biconcave shape + thin flexible plasmamembrane enable the RBC to squeeze throughthe narrow blood capillaries.
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Mature RBC have no nucleus more space to
pack in haemoglobin(respiratory protein
containing iron).
Haemoglobin contains haem groups which
gives the erythrocytes its red colour.
The haem group contains an iron atom & is
the site of O2 binding.
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Each blood cells contains about250
million haemoglobinmolecules. Each
haemoglobin can combine with 4 O2moleculesoxyhaemoglobin
Lifespan of an erythrocytes is only120
days
destroyed by the phagocytes inthe liver & spleen.
Continuously produced by the bone
marrow of the long bones, ribs, skull &
vertebrae.
More than2 million RBCare destroyed &
replacedevery second in the human
body.
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Colourless & have a nucleus, not
contain haemoglobinLarger than RBC
Classified as either granular or granular6000 10000 WBC in every millilitre of blood.
Do not have fix shape, can move by
changing body shape
Produced in the bone marrow, some migrate tothe thymus gland & others to lymph nodes duringtheir growth & development stages.
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LEUCOCYTES
Granulocytes
Have granular cytoplasm
& a lobed nucleus
produced in bone
marrow
72% leukocytes are
granulocytes
Basophils : Secrete heparinto prevent bloodclotting
Eosinophils : Help to control allergicresponses
Neutrophils : Phagocytesgranulocytes. Theyengulf foreign material (bacteria) by
phagocytosis & destroy them.
Agranulocytes relatively clear
cytoplasm & nucleus is
not lobed.
Monocytes : The largest of the leucocytes.Circulate in the bloodstream for a few days
body tissues to become phagocytic
macrophage
Lymphocytes:The smallest leucocytes.Important in the bodys defence against
pathogens. Some produce antibodiesto aid
in the destruction of pathogens or neutralise
the toxins
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Small irregular shaped cell fragmentsproduced in the bone marrow
Play an important role in bloodclotting to reduce blood loss & to
prevent the entry of pathogensthrough the wounds into the body.Each millilitre of blood contains about
250000 platelets., do not have anucleus.
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Thepale yellowliquid part of the blood
CONTENT DESCRIPTIONWater
90% of plasma content.Plasma protein Albumin Globulintype of antibody
Fibrinogen- helps blood clotting
Mineral ions sodium, potassium & chlorideAbsorbed foodsubstances glucose, amino acids, cholesterol &other lipids
Waste products Urea, CO2, uric acid, creatinine and a littleammonium ion.
Dissolved gases O2,CO2 & NitrogenHormones
enzymes Insulin, adrenaline, ADH
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Blood serumplasma from which
fibrinogen & other clotting factors have
been removed
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THANK YOU
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