SUBMITTED BY-KAUSTUBH GADRE

ROLL NO 16

Seminar on- Biochips(A future Technology)

ContentsIntroduction

What are Biochips

History of Biochips

Architecture of Biochips

Applications of Biochips

Current status of Biochips in India

Challenges for the future

Advantages and Disadvantages

Conclusion

IntroductionA single electronic card may replace

everything in your wallet including. . .

. . . your cash

. . . your credit cards

. . . your ATM card

. . . your ID cards

. . . your insurance

. . . and your life

FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life

Introduction

Technological advances have affected all aspects of modern day life. They continue to offer services that were once believed to be unrealistic. Biochips is one of the most exciting future technologies which is the outcome of

fusion of fields like Computer Science, Electronics and Biology. There is a strong analogy between computer chip and a bio chip, a computer

chip is able to perform thousands of mathematical operations whereas a bio chip is suitable for performing thousands of biological reactions and give output

Biochips have become a essential tool in the automated clinical environment . Biochip can be thought of as a single entity with all your life’s information on it.

What are Biochips

A biochip is a microprocessor chip used in biology. It is a collection of miniaturized test sites, arranged on a solid substrate

that permits many tests to be performed at the same time like that of in a computer chip.

The substrate used as a surface for the biochip includes silicon, fused quartz , soda glass and plastic.

Biochips have very small surface area similar to that of a finger nail and it uses RFID technology .

Biochips have found their use in many spheres of life as DNA analysis, decoding genes, animal and plant breeding, data storage and processing and as a universal identifier.

What are Biochips

Biochips are the soon to replace pesky passwords, pins, ATM cards. In fact if steps are taken in the right direction biochips will soon look to replace all the documentation that is required at various levels.

Biochip is the technology that will actually digitize the world around you.

It has the power to replace paper money. Companies such as AVID in US California are working on preparing

such chips and detectors. China and US are the emerging markets in the field of Biochips and

with time emerging markets like India will soon the enter the field.

These two are believed to have conceptualized the concept of Biochip

Gilbert was awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, shared with Frederick Sanger 

HISTORY OF BIOCHIPS

History of Biochips

Concept of a biochip was made possible by the work of Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert. The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries.

It’s use now includes, over 300 zoos, pets, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered wildlife, automobiles, hazardous waste.

With the advancement in technology and increase in awareness regarding biochips scientist have found out ways to use biochips for Humans .

For instance artificial body parts like prosthetic legs ,arms are chipped and the work of this biochip is to establish a communication with the brain

Difficult surgeries such as implants have been made easy with the use of Biochips

Architecture and Working of Biochips

The present day biochip device is a very simple device.

It is basically a computer chip inserted under the skin of humans , animals for identification purposes.

Biochips mainly consists of two parts- A transponder, A reader/ scanner.

Architecture and Working of Biochips

TRANSPONDER

A transponder is a device that is used to receive signals and re transmit it in a way that is identified by the system so that desired output can be achieved.

A passive transponder is used in a biochip which is not activated until a low impulse signal is sent by the user, hence having great life up to 99 years

The reader reads the signal from the biochip implants and sends it for processing The transponder has four parts-

A computer chip is used to store a UID number which may vary from 10 to 15 digits. The reader reads the

number on this chip and then processes the data.

A antenna coil is used to send or receive signals from the reader or scanner

A turning capacitor stores a small fraction of electrical signal which is used to activate the transponder which

is in a passive state otherwise.

The glass capsule is the outer core or protective layer which houses the above mentioned components of the

transponder

Architecture and Working (Contd.)

The reader consists of the necessary software and components required to decode the signals that are received from the activated Biochip through the antenna coil

The reader then displays the output on a LCD screen or a computer that can be connected via a RS 32 port

Applications of Biochips

Biochip Technology can be used and adapted for almost any clinical application in the world.

With the help of Biochips tracing of Animals/Humans is possible. A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic

almost any data related to a human. A biochip can be used to do E commerce effectively and also avoid

the cyber fraud that have become a common sights these days.

Biochips with the advanced technology that they use can soon

replace Passports, ATM and any kind of personal identification.

Applications of Biochips

Biochips could be most effectively used in the field of medicine Biochip as a Glucose detector Biochip as a Blood Pressure Sensor Biochips used for implant surgeries

Ff THIS IS A HAND OF A PATIENT WHO HAS BEEN IMPLANTED WITH A BIOCHIP.

Current status of Biochips in India

As mentioned earlier Biochips are a technology of the future Its pretty early to think that biochips would easily accepted in India

as it is indeed a costly affair. Normally biochip is priced between $ 500- $2000 making it a non

affordable technology at the moment. However Biochips have been introduced in fields such as medicine

and research in India Biochips are a great way to replace the ruckus of documents

required in India and a step towards that has already been initiated with the Introduction of “AADHAAR CARD”

Current status of Biochips in India

Replacing the Aadhaar card with the much anticipated Biochip may take time but it is a achievement which is surely in sight .

Priyanka Sharma from Punjab, India has developed a ultra low-cost biochip for detecting environmental pollutants in the field to stop the excessive use of insecticides and pesticides

A tiny step towards the concept of Biochips

Challenges for the futureAvailability

Storage

Cost

Dependency

Standardization

One of the major challenges in the Biochip industry is that of research and analysis . It is a new industry hence many areas and applications have not been inspected yet.

The second most important challenge is the availability and costing of biochips, It is indeed a costly technology and not easily available. Efforts have to be made to make the technology more money-friendly and its availability to other markets than Europe or US.

An effort to address the problem of standardization has been achieved by formation of Genetic Analysis Technology Consortium (GATC). The aim of this group is to establish an industry standard for the reading and analysis of many types of chips.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages• Increases the speed of

diagnosis.

• It is used for the identification purpose.

• It can be used to locate missing and kidnapped people.

• In cases when a natural disasters occurs it helps to locate people easily

Disadvantages• Initial implementation cost is

high

• If at any time the biochip fails is a challenging question that still puzzles scientists

• They raise critical issues of personal privacy

Conclusion

A chip implant surely seems to be a fascinating idea as it promises to replace

credit card, passport, license and every single document that can be thought of.

Some may believe that a biochip implant can also improve a person’s mental

strength. A biochip with all of these qualities is only imaginable and gives us the

impression of sci-fi movie , but the idea is not far behind when this cannot be

achieved. The road is a long one, but the journey would be a wonderful one and

all this will make a world a better place to live in

Refrences

Wikipediawww.nature.com (Article on Biochips) International Journal of Emerging

Technology and Advanced Engineering (Biochip Technology)

THANK YOU