BIO 3303 Lecture 21 Compatible

7/29/2019 BIO 3303 Lecture 21 Compatible

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BIO 3303Final Exam

Review

Dec 3, 2012


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Final exam

Short and long answers questions (part B and C): answer 4 out of 6

If you answer more than 4 questions indicate with an X the

questions you do not want to get marked. Otherwise we will mark

the first 4 that are answered.


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Exam Course Topics Content

Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Number ofQuestions

Part A

(1mark )

12 4 7 17 40/40

Part B(5 marks)

1 0 2 3 4/6

Part C

(10 marks)

1 2 1 3 4/6

Total Marks

Possible

24 24 27 55 100/130


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Office hours

This week: Today 1-2pm, Wednesday 11:30-2pm

Next week: I will be on campus Friday afternoon I will post the exact hours in the announcement section of

the website

Email me if you cant make those times and we will set up an

appointment.


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Overview of cell signaling


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Graded Potentials Activated by ligand- gated Na+

channel, cause changes in membrane

potential Synaptic potential

Spatially restricted response

Conduction with decrement

Fig. 4.6


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Electrical Signals

Graded changes in

membrane potential occurin dendrites and cell body

Are spatially and temporallysummated

If combined depolarization

exceeds threshold, an actionpotential is generated

Spatial summation can alsoprevent generation of APs Fig. 4.8

(excitatory + inhibitory potential)


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Vertebrate muscle

Fig. 5.35

Invertebrate muscleSummation: force of contraction Summation: membrane potential


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1.3 Nervous System Diversity and

Vertebrate NS OrganizationFig. 7.1


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Vertebrate CNS and PNS


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Autonomic Nervous System

Fig. 7.19Fig. 7.17


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Cholinergic Receptors


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Adrenergic Receptors

smooth muscles

contract

smooth muscles

relax

Same neurotransmitter can have different effects depending

on the type of receptor that is on the effector cell.


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Agonists and AntagonistsNicotinic AChR (SNS, PSNS) Agonist: nicotine variable effects: both a

stimulant and a relaxant Antagonist: curare paralysis

bungarotoxin paralysis, suppression of breathing

Muscarinic AChR (PSNS)

Agonist: muscarine bronchoconstriction, bradycardia

Antagonist: atropine HR

Curare darts

Adrenergic Receptors (SNS)

Agonist: isoproterenol (non-specific) treatment of bradycardia2: salbutamol treatment of asthma

Antagonists: : phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine treatment

of hypertension

: propranolol, sotalol treatment of anxiety,

cardiac arrhythmias


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Antagonistic HR Regulation

Fig. 8.24 Fig. 8.25


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Fig. 3.32Fig. 9-43, Randall et al. 2002

cells: Insulin

Decrease blood glucose (glucoseuptake in target cells)

cells: Glucagon

Increase blood glucose (liver

release stored glucose

Coordinated, antagonistic actions on

multiple target tissues

Blood Glucose Regulation


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Integrated

Stress

Response

HPA: hypothalamus -

pituitary -adrenal axis

Fig. 3.37

Fig. 3.38

HPAAutonomic NS

Somatic NS

Phase 1


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Stress response

Phase 2


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Tactile Receptors (invertebrates)

Fig. 6.14

Arthropods (e.g. Insects): cuticle

prevents pressure detectionthrough free nerve endings

Trichoid sensilla

Hair-like projection of cuticle,

bends in response to touch orvibration

Accessory structure transfers mvt

of sensilla to dendrite of bipolar

sensory neuron

Open stretch-sensitive TRP ion

channels

Very sensitive: detect small

changes in air movements


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Proprioceptors (invertebrates)

Fig. 6.14

Campaniform sensilla

Similar to trichoid sensilla

except lack hair shaft.

Dome-shape projection of

cuticle

Found in clusters, especially

near joints of limbs

Detect cuticle deformation as

insect moves

Allows coordinated mvts


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Proprioception (insects)

Fig. 6.15

Scolopidium: specialized unit consisting

of ciliated bipolar sensory neuronand scolopale (an accessory cell)

Attached to cuticle via ligament or

attachment cell

Detect bending of cuticle

Isolated or grouped (e.g.

Chordotonal organ (vibrations,

hearing))

Insect scolopidium


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Sound amplification mechanisms in ear

Outer ear: 3 dB

Pinna: shape and orientation of pinna and auditory canal

amplify sound of up to 3 dB at frequencies from 2-5 kHz

(human speech)

Middle ear: 13 dB

Ossicles: lever system: Displacement at oval window (OW)

smaller by factor of 1/1.3Force at OW amplified by 1.3

Typanic membrane and oval window: Amplification by

transmission of force from large to small surface (OW 16x smaller,

therefore force 16x largerInner ear:

Outer hair cells: motor proteins (prestin) shorten and

lengthen outer hair cells to amplify movement of the basilar

membrane (Cochlear amplifier)


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4.2 Muscle Contractions

Fig. 5.17

Fig. 5.18

Fig. 5.21


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Sliding Filament Model

Fig. 5.13

1. myosin tightly bound to actin (ATP binding site empty)

2. ATP binds and myosin loses affinity for actin (cross-bridge broken)

3. Release of actin activate the myosin ATPase to convert ATP into

ADP and P

4. Myosin head extends toward + end and binds to actin

5. P released andmyosin use

energy stored

from ATP to pull

actin filament

(power stroke)

6. ADP is released


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Ca2+ sensor complexes

Striated muscle:

Troponin-tropomyosin

Smooth muscle:

Ca2+-calmodulin-caldesmon


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Skeletal muscle EC coupling


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Cardiac muscle EC coupling


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Skeletal muscle excitation

Cardiac muscle excitation


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http://howmed.net/physiology/skeletal-muscle/

TAG


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PCr FAT CHO CHO PCr

seconds

minutes

Few hours

Many

hours/days

Lipids85%

Protein14%

Carbohydrates (CHO)1%

Characteristics of fuel sources


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Practice questions

I will post a few practice questions this week on the

blackboard website.

Assignment #4Due Wednesday Dec. 5th before midnight

BIO 3303 Lecture 21 Compatible

Documents

Transcript of BIO 3303 Lecture 21 Compatible