BIO 156 Chapter 9 Powerpoint
Transcript of BIO 156 Chapter 9 Powerpoint
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BIO 156
Chapter 9
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The Urinary System
Organs of Excretion
Cells of the body produce a number of wastes that
must be excreted to maintain homeostasis.
Organisms must have a system for eliminating waste.
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Excretory organs remove waste and help regulate
inorganic ions and water. The major metabolic wastes and substances
include:
Ammonia
Urea Uric acid
Bile pigments
Urochrome
Carbon dioxide
Water
Inorganic ions
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The Urinary System
Humans have several organ systems that rid the body
of wastes; one of the most important is the urinarysystem.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters,bladder, and urethra.
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Kidneys removeimpurities from the bloodand help regulate the waterlevels and ionicconcentrations of theblood.
Blood enters the kidneys
in the renal arteries whosebranches deliver it tomillions of nephrons.
The nephrons produceurine, which drains from
the kidneys into thebladder via the ureters.
Urine is voided throughthe urethra.
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Anatomy of the
Urinary System
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The human kidneyconsists of two
zones: an outer
cortex and inner
medulla.
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Nephrons consist of two parts, a glomerulus and a renal tubule.
The renal tubule consists of four parts:
1. Bowmans capsule
2. The proximal convoluted tubule
3. The loop of Henle4. The distal convoluted tubule
Bowmans Capsule
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Blood filtration in nephrons
involves three processes:
Glomerular filtration is a
physical filtration process
Tubular reabsorption helps
conserve valuable nutrients
and ions.
Tubular secretion is the
transport of waste products
from the peritubular capillariesinto the renal tubule.
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Antidiuretic
Hormone
(ADH )Secretion
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Aldosterone Secretion
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Water balance is also affected by several
chemicals, like caffeine and alcohol (ethanol).
Caffeine increases urine output without affectingADH secretions.
Ethanol inhibits the secretion of ADH by the
pituitary.
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Kidney stones can block the outflow of
urine and cause severe kidney damage.
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Renal failure may occur suddenly or
gradually and can be treated by
dialysis, a mechanical filtering of theblood.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
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Health and Homeostasis
The kidneys help maintain the proper levels of
nutrients and waste in the body. They also help
eliminate toxins in the body and maintain blood pH.
Kidneys can be damaged by severe blood loss,
bacteria, and toxic chemicals.
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End of Chapter 9