Bio 1500 Lecture 23
-
Upload
jesus-durham -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
10
description
Transcript of Bio 1500 Lecture 23
![Page 1: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 231. ANS
a. Adrenal Medulla2. Hormones3. Insulin & Glucagon
a. Diabetes2. Role of Hypothalamus & Pituitary in the
Endocrine System3. Thyroid Hormones
![Page 2: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ANS(Autonomic Nervous System)
![Page 3: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasis
![Page 4: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fig 8.20
![Page 5: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fig 8.21
![Page 6: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systems
![Page 7: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproduction
![Page 8: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproductionc. projections from hypoth go to ANS
![Page 9: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1. Hypothalamus is part of brain that controls homeostasisa. by controlling ANS, endocrine & motivational systemsb. Hypoth regs BT, HR, BP, water balance, food intake, emotions & reproductionc. projections from hypoth go to ANS
2. ANS is an involuntary motor system
![Page 10: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glands
![Page 11: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency
![Page 12: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency
3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxns
![Page 13: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency
3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxnsb. Parasymp mediates rest & digest
![Page 14: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2. ANS is an involuntary motor systema. controls/coordinates functioning of organs, Sm & cardiac muscle & exocrine glandsb. controls physiological priorities in emergency
3. ANS has 2 divisions:a. Sympathetic mediates fight, flight & stress rxnsb. Parasymp mediates rest & digestc. each excites some organs, inhibits others
![Page 15: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fig 49.8
![Page 16: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Adrenal Medulla
![Page 17: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrine
![Page 19: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANS
![Page 20: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:
![Page 21: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP
![Page 22: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased
blud flow to most organs
![Page 23: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1. In emergency or hi stress, Symp signals adrenal medulla to release epinephrinea. adrenal is an endocrine gland derived
from ANSb. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased
blud flow to most organs3. but increased blud flow to Skel muscle
![Page 24: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1b. release of epinephrine causes:1. increased HR & BP2. general vasoconstriction & decreased
blud flow to most organs3. but increased blud flow to Skel muscle 4. increased blud glucose, mental
activity, rate of coagulation, & sweating
![Page 25: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hormones=cmpds released by cells &
transported by blud &/or extracellular fluid to affect target cells
![Page 26: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hormones = cmpds released by cells & transported by blud &/or extracellular fluid to affect target cells 1. Horms control, organize much of physiology
![Page 27: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Insulin & Glucagon
![Page 28: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreas
Fig 45.10
![Page 29: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreasa. in the Islets of Langerhans
![Page 30: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1. Insulin & glucagon are produced by the pancreasa. in the Islets of Langerhans
1. 1-2 mill clusters of cells scattered in pancreas
![Page 31: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
1a1. 1-2 mill clusters of cells scattered in pancreasb. cells secrete glucagon which increases blud glucose
![Page 32: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1b. cells secrete glucagon which increases blud glucosec. cells secrete insulin which decreases blud glucose
![Page 33: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
hi [glucose] in blud
cellsdetected by
![Page 34: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud
cells
![Page 35: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat
bludstream
detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud
cells
![Page 36: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
lowers [glucose] in blud
detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud
cells
stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat
bludstream
![Page 37: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
lowers [glucose] in blud
detected bystims insulin secretion by shi [glucose] in blud
cells
stims glucose facilitatedtransport into muscle & fat
bludstream-neg feedback
![Page 38: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
detected by cells
lo [glucose] in blud
Glucagon
![Page 39: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
lo [glucose] in blud
![Page 40: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
lo [glucose] in blud
bludstream
Liver
![Page 41: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
stims membr receptors
Liveractivatesenzymes
lo [glucose] in blud
bludstream
![Page 42: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
stims membr receptors
Liveractivatesenzymes
lo [glucose] in blud
bludstream
liver glycogen is broken down
glucose
![Page 43: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
detected by cells
increases glucagon secretion by s
stims membr receptors
Liveractivatesenzymes
lo [glucose] in blud
bludstream
liver glycogen is broken down
glucose
raises [glucose] in blud
-
![Page 44: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
DiabetesDiabetes mellitus most common
endocrine disorder-- 2-5% of U.S.
![Page 45: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levels
![Page 46: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus
![Page 47: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about
10% of diabetics
![Page 48: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about
10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s
![Page 49: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about
10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s
b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .
![Page 50: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about
10% of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on s
b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are
overweight
![Page 51: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
1. 2 main types; all have hi blud gluc levelsa. Type I = IDDM = insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus1. don’t produce enough insulin; about 10%
of diabetics2. caused by autoimmune attack on sb. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to
insulin
![Page 52: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
1b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are
overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to
insulin3. insulin is often normal or higher
initially but decreases as disease progresses
![Page 53: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
1b. Type II = NIDDM = non - . . .1. 90% of diabetics; many are
overweight2. target tissues lose responsiveness to
insulin3. insulin is often normal or higher
initially but decreases as disease progresses
4. severity often decreases after wgt loss
![Page 54: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Role of Hypothalamus & Pituitary in Endocrine System
Fig 45.14
hypothalamus
pituitary
![Page 55: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
1. Hypoth controls Anterior Pit horms by RHs/IHs = releasing or inhibiting horms
![Page 56: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
1. Hypoth controls Anterior Pit horms by RHs/IHs = releasing or inhibiting hormsa. a special vaculature takes RHs/IHs directly to Pit
![Page 57: Bio 1500 Lecture 23](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102719/577cc55d1a28aba7119c2560/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Fig 45.17
RHs
AP horms