Binding of Indian-Russian relationships after Sino-Indian 1962 war

7/24/2019 Binding of Indian-Russian relationships after Sino-Indian 1962 war

1/9

Binding of Indian-Russian relationships after

Sino-Indian 1962 war.

Introduction

A recent meeting held in New Delhi (Dec, 2014) between the Indian primeminister and the Russian President, with prime !cus t! strengthen thebilateral trade" #ill n!w, bilateral trade ! w!rth $%"&1 billi!n ha'e taenplace in the past" !th c!untries ha'e set target t! achie'e trade as high as$*0 billi!n" Acc!rding t! Indian +!reign ecretar- Ranjan Mathai, the .'ema/!r c!mp!nents ! Ind!Russian strategic partnerships are defense, ciilnuclear energ!, space, politics and anti-terroris" #1$"N!w India aimst! b!lster its si3th c!mp!nent which has remain d!rmant !r uite a l!ng

time ec!n!mic gr!wth"

India is sec!nd highest imp!rter ! ammuniti!ns (r!m Russia)" 5n thedipl!matic side, all this being d!ne is g!!d in this capitalist w!rld t! b!!sttrade, but !n the !ther side ha'e the Ind!!'iet relati!ns impr!'ed sincethe Indian liberali6ati!n7!'iet disintegrati!n !r still !n the stage ater itsstr!ng ties with the west8

Bac%ground

+!ll!wing Indias independence, the nati!n then had a chance t! rame its!wn !reign p!lic-" 9nder the leadership ! :awahar ;al Nehru, India decidedt! !ll!w the .'e -ear plan strateg-, same as that initiated b- 9R under:!seph talins in


2/9

supp!rt r!m the .rst w!rld p!wer ? #he 9ni!n ! !'iet !cialist Republics"#2$

(S) s (SSR9 and 9R were the tw! superp!wers bac then"#he third w!rld c!untries ater being liberated r!m the clutches ! c!l!nialp!wer ! the =ur!peans, wanted t! establish themsel'es in this new gl!balsphere"9R, !n the !ther hand wanted t! e3pand" #he c!untr- was !unded !n theide!l!g- based !n Mar*is", acc!rding t! which the w!ring class !r thepr!letariat and the capitalists !r the b!urge!isie, which were in c!nstantc!n


3/9

reat! of /eace, friendship and 0ooperation

>ith the rising tensi!ns between Indian and Paistan, !ll!wingthe operation searchlight and 191 Bangladesh genocide, with 9sided Paistan, a treat- ! peace, riendship and c!!perati!n was signed

between India and !'iet 9ni!n, in August ! 1%1" #6$

India, Paistan and China were the three emerging Asian p!wers" Ater1%0s there had been a mutual understanding am!ng the nati!n ! 9 andChina t! b!nd with each !ther" 5n !ne hand 9 wanted t! bring an end t!the Eietnam war and China wanted a supp!rt t! get awa- r!m theresistance ! !'iet 9ni!n" #$

#he !nl- !pti!n let !r 9R was t! !rm riendl- relati!ns with India"

+inall- when the third Ind!Paistani war br!e !ut, it was !nl- because Indiahad !'iet 9ni!ns bac, n!t !nl- was she (India) able t! win !'er 9 aidedPaistan, but als! dr!'e the arm- r!m =ast Paistan, liberated the engali9rdu pe!ple, and a ree nati!n ? angladesh was car'ed !ut r!m =astPaistan"Paistan had ull supp!rt r!m the west under the Southeast )sia reat!rgani3ation(S4))"

!'iet 9ni!n was hea'il- paced with arms and weap!ns and dr!'e awa- thethreat p!sed b- American tas !rce in the Indian 5cean"

In 1%*, !'iet President ;e!nid re6hne' .rst 'isit t! India was recei'edwith a warm welc!me" - late 1%0s India was trading pr!usel- with !'iet9ni!n, which had bec!me its t!p m!st largest trading partner"

Ater 1%F0s !'iet ec!n!m- started dwindling" It accumulated hugeam!unts ! debt, !n acc!unt ! .nancing the c!ld war and !ther third w!rldc!untries, which had t! pa- be paid" 5n the t!p ! that between 1%F2 and1%F&, * p!litical changes t!! places in the leadership ? * ! the !'ietleaders Bre3hne, !ll!wed b- )ndropoand 0herne!en%ohad died" #5$9R, which was c!nsidered the r!ntier in techn!l!g-, came t! a state thatit c!uld n!t pa- its !wn debt" #he then Indian Prime minister Raji andhi

had t! neg!tiate with 9 president Ronald Reagan t! help India get theGcra- superc!mputerH" #his was the state ! !'iet 9ni!n that it c!uldntsustain t! help India in build its c!mputer"

It was during these t!ugh times, the riendship between the tw! c!untriesreached t! all time high and man- agreements were achie'ed t! e3pandc!!perati!n !n dierent sect!rs lie ec!n!mic, cultural, scienti.c andtechn!l!g-" Indian Prime @inister Ra/i' Jandhi tra'elled t! 9R 4 times
http://www.outlookindia.com/article/to-understand-pakistan-1947-is-the-wrong-lens/262535http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/88112.htmhttp://www.money-zine.com/career-development/leadership-skill/former-russian-leaders/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/to-understand-pakistan-1947-is-the-wrong-lens/262535http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/88112.htmhttp://www.money-zine.com/career-development/leadership-skill/former-russian-leaders/


4/9

during F0s ? 1%F&, 1%F, 1%F, 1%F%" Agreements were signed in 1%F&,1%F and 1%FF t! b!!st bilateral trade between the tw! nati!ns and Indianindustrial, telec!mmunicati!ns and transp!rtati!n pr!/ects t! be unded b-!'iet 9ni!n"N!t !nl- this, the 9R als! pr!'ided with credits w!rth 1 billi!n and * billi!n

rubbles, !r purchase ! machiner- and g!!ds made b- the !'iets"

he era after disintegration.

Ater the !'iet disintegrati!n, India was in a se'ere ec!n!mic crisis" hewas /ust let with $ 0"& billi!n d!llars, barel- en!ugh t! sustain its !ne weeimp!rts" he had t! tae the wests supp!rt and put an end t! its muchs!cialist t-pe ec!n!m- in !rder t! re'i'e its ec!n!m-" #his situati!nhappened ar!und t! be at the same time ater the c!ld war ended and 9Rdisintegrated"

ut still ater these e'ents India was able t! eep stead- relati!ns, with thenewl- !rmed Russia.:ust at the turn ! 1%%* (:anuar-), Russian president 7 Boris 8eltsins'isit t!India mared a new emphasis !n the ec!n!mic ties between the nati!ns" #henew treat- signed was t! gi'e b!!st t! Indias space !rgani6ati!n ISR, b-pr!'iding cr-!genic engines w!rth 9$*&0 milli!n" #his was re'i'al ! the1%1 treat- +riendship and C!!perati!n"K!we'er Russians had t! cancel m!st ! their deals in the same -ear, duringthe summers ! 1%%*, due t! pressure r!m 9nited tates, which belie'edthat the treat- signed was /ust a mas t! pr!'ide aid t! India with engine andtechn!l!g- and the real m!ti'e was t! de'el!p ballistic missile stage !rlaunch ! r!cets which meant rising ! nuclear p!wer within Asia"='en ater the strict sancti!ns imp!sed b- the tates, Russia was still able t!help India b- suppl-ing cr-!genic stages and 1 gr!und m!cup stageinstead ! & cr-!genic stage" #9$

During the winter ! 1%%4, eight agreements were signed between India andRussia, thus impr!'ing their bilateral trades" +r!m deense, !uter space andtechnical c!!perati!n t! merchant shipping and c!mm!n pr!tecti!n !in'estments, the agreements were signed between the nati!ns b- Russian

pri"e "inister :i%tor 0herno"!rdin ;and n!t president Boris 8eltsinith the signing ! GDeclarati!n !n trategic PartnershipH between India andRussia in the autumn ! 2000, the tw! c!untries were able t! re/u'enate therelati!ns, resulting in the ann!uncement ! the annual RussiaIndia summit"#he Declarati!n !n trategic Partnership has been built !n .'e ma/!rc!mp!nents which includes

p!litics,

deense,

ci'il nuclear energ-,

antiterr!rism c!!perati!n and

space"

Russia ha'e alwa-s supp!rted India !n getting a permanent seat, be it

(nited =ations Securit! 0ouncil, (9NC) , )sia-/aci>c 4cono"ic0ooperation ( (AP=C) !r Shanghai 0ooperation 5rgani6ati!n (C5)"5np!litical r!nt, 9N, RIC, J20 are !ne ! ew gr!upings, where b!thc!untries ha'e c!!perated cl!sel-"#1?$

During Russian Prime @inister :ladi"ir /utins 'isit in 200, India becamea ma/!r partner ! the Russian satellite na'igati!n s-stem G@=)SSH" Kewas in'ited as the chie guest !n the !ccasi!n ! Republic da-"

In 5ct!ber 200F, a pact was signed, !n /!int lunar e3pl!rati!n" In act

Chandra-aan2, a lunar e3pl!rati!n missi!n, was pr!p!sed b!th b- theRoscosmosand Indian pace Research 5rgani6ati!n (IR5)" It was !ll!wed b-an!ther pact t! build ci'ilian nuclear react!rs

A pact !n .'e ma/!r deals m!st imp!rtantl- !n nuclear energ-, deense andspace c!!perati!n was .nali6ed, during the !Lcial 'isit ! Eladimir Putin,then as Russian Prime @inister in @arch 2010"
http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/


6/9

A +!rum !n #rade and In'estment t! pr!m!te trade, in'estment andec!n!mic c!!perati!n between the tw! c!untries ha'e als! been setup" #he.rst +!rum was held in New Delhi in +ebruar- 200" #11$

ince then a number ! agreements ha'e been made t! eep the relati!n

str!ng, ali'e and re'i'e it bac as !nce it was"

Amidst all these, India sh!uld als! c!nsider ew acts"

Indias militar- reuirements are hea'il- dependent !n Russian

supplies"

India needs t! maintain a health- distance r!m west, i it trul- is a

part ! the N!n ? Aligned @!'ement" ut its recent inclinati!n t!wardswest and the s! called M@oo% Aest )ct 4ast p!lic- is !n s!me

dierent terms, gi'en the gr!wing distance between 9""A and Russia,Indias hea'- dependence !n Russia !r arms, the plan can bac.rer!m b!th the sides"

As past changes, s! d! the decisi!ns" India had g!!d ties with the

9R, n!t because !'iet wanted t! aid India !ut ! gener!sit-,because b!th c!untries needed each !ther" !'iet wanted t! e3pand in!uth Asia c!nsidering the e'ents ! C!ld >ar, gi'en 9 assistance t!Paistan, which in itsel p!sed a se'ere threat t! India" Ji'en the'ici!us circumstances, b!th c!untries had n! better !pti!ns but t!

appr!ach each !ther"ut with times changing, Russia, !ne ! the biggest arms e3p!rter, issuppl-ing arms n!t !nl- t! India but Paistan as well" ;!!s lies!me!ne is pla-ing a d!uble game"

Indias past with China be!re the 1%1 war, was built !n the

Panchsheel treat-, which c!mpletel- b!!meranged with the Chineseattac" e!re enteringint! an- dipl!matic relati!ns, be it the plans !r the !rmati!n strategictriangle between the three c!untries (RussiaChinaIndia), India sh!uldbe able t! rec!gni6e the pitalls as well"

Re


7/9

le'el s! as it can als! act as a re'!luti!nar- step in the path ! 'isi!n 2020India"

&acts to %now #12$

#he .rst bilateral trade was signed in 1%&*"

='en ater !'iet disintegrati!n, Indias e3p!rt t! 9R were higher as

c!mpared t! 9A, albeit marginall-" 9R Rs &2&& 's 9A ? Rs &24&cr!re"

5ne ! the distinguishing eature ! the !'iet ec!n!mic assistance t!

India was the interest rate at which 9R credited t! India was /ust 2"&per cent per annum which were repa-able generall- !'er a peri!d !12 -ears"

Indias pr!gress t!wards selreliance in launching spacecrats is !wed

t! Russia" #he #humba =uat!rial R!cet ;aunching tati!n at

#hiru'ananthapuram was established because ! supp!rt r!m the!'iets"

#he e3perimental launch ! satellites Ar-abhata, hasaraI and

hasaraII ? c!uldnt ha'e been p!ssible with!ut Russias aid"

In spite ! the tremend!us sancti!ns b- the Clint!n Administrati!n, in

the earl- 1%%0s, Russia adhered t! its agreement with India !r the

deli'er- ! the cr-!genic engines t! IR5 as per the !riginal schedule"

#he p!ssibilit- ! the !rmati!n ! a trilateral alliance between the *

c!untries Russia, China and India, !riginated, ater its end!rsementb- Prima!', the then Russian Prime @inister, during his 'isit t! India in
http://mainstreamweekly.net/article3704.htmlhttp://mainstreamweekly.net/article3704.html


8/9

December 1%%F"

- the -ear 201, Russia is liel- t! build an!ther 1 new react!rs, the

!ther 2 in the pr!cess ! c!mpleti!n in Budanulam, i a mutuall-

satisact!r- understanding is reached !n the legislati!n !n liabilit-enacted b- the Indian Parliament"

India has in'ested appr!3 $2" billi!n in ahalin1, an !sh!re !il

e3pl!rati!n pr!/ect and purchased Russias Imperial =nerg- C!mpan-!r $ 2"& billi!n as a part ! the n!n nuclear energ- .eld"

R4&4R4=04S

1" http77!rientalre'iew"!rg7201&7017217russiasstrategicshitt!eastc!ntinuesn!windia7

2" http77mainstreamweel-"net7article*04"html

*" http77www"bl"u7learning7histciti6en721cc7ut!pia7meth!ds17b!urge!isie

17b!urge!isie"html

4" http77www"/rn-uist"c!m7in!!'ietOplit"html

&" http77www"mprc"g!'"cn7maOeng76ilia!O&&*%7*02O&&4*7*04O&&47t1F011"shtml

" http77www"!utl!!india"c!m7article7t!understandpaistan1%4isthewr!nglens722&*&

" http772001200%"state"g!'7r7pa7h!7FF112"htm

F" http77www"m!ne-6ine"c!m7careerde'el!pment7leadershipsill7!rmerrussianleaders7
http://orientalreview.org/2015/01/21/russias-strategic-shift-to-east-continues-now-india/http://orientalreview.org/2015/01/21/russias-strategic-shift-to-east-continues-now-india/http://mainstreamweekly.net/article3704.htmlhttp://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/utopia/methods1/bourgeoisie1/bourgeoisie.htmlhttp://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/utopia/methods1/bourgeoisie1/bourgeoisie.htmlhttp://www.jrnyquist.com/Sino-Soviet_Split.htmlhttp://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/t18011.shtmlhttp://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/t18011.shtmlhttp://www.outlookindia.com/article/to-understand-pakistan-1947-is-the-wrong-lens/262535http://www.outlookindia.com/article/to-understand-pakistan-1947-is-the-wrong-lens/262535http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/88112.htmhttp://www.money-zine.com/career-development/leadership-skill/former-russian-leaders/http://www.money-zine.com/career-development/leadership-skill/former-russian-leaders/http://orientalreview.org/2015/01/21/russias-strategic-shift-to-east-continues-now-india/http://orientalreview.org/2015/01/21/russias-strategic-shift-to-east-continues-now-india/http://mainstreamweekly.net/article3704.htmlhttp://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/utopia/methods1/bourgeoisie1/bourgeoisie.htmlhttp://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/utopia/methods1/bourgeoisie1/bourgeoisie.htmlhttp://www.jrnyquist.com/Sino-Soviet_Split.htmlhttp://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/t18011.shtmlhttp://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/t18011.shtmlhttp://www.outlookindia.com/article/to-understand-pakistan-1947-is-the-wrong-lens/262535http://www.outlookindia.com/article/to-understand-pakistan-1947-is-the-wrong-lens/262535http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/88112.htmhttp://www.money-zine.com/career-development/leadership-skill/former-russian-leaders/http://www.money-zine.com/career-development/leadership-skill/former-russian-leaders/


9/9

%" Indian @issile Chr!n!l!g- ? www"nti"!rg (research paper)

10" http77www"insights!nindia"c!m7201&70170*74-ear2000waspi'!talintherelati!nshipbetweenindiaandrussiae3aminewh-andals!thr!wlight!nh!wrelati!nshipbetweentw!c!untrieshas

e'!l'edsincethen7

11" http77www"-!uthiawaa6"c!m720127027relati!nsbetweenindiaandrussiaauicl!!7

12" http77mainstreamweel-"net7article*04"html
http://www.nti.org/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2012/02/relations-between-india-and-russia-a-quick-look/http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2012/02/relations-between-india-and-russia-a-quick-look/http://mainstreamweekly.net/article3704.htmlhttp://www.nti.org/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/http://www.insightsonindia.com/2015/01/03/4-year-2000-was-pivotal-in-the-relationship-between-india-and-russia-examine-why-and-also-throw-light-on-how-relationship-between-two-countries-has-evolved-since-then/http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2012/02/relations-between-india-and-russia-a-quick-look/http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2012/02/relations-between-india-and-russia-a-quick-look/http://mainstreamweekly.net/article3704.html

Binding of Indian-Russian relationships after Sino-Indian 1962 war

Documents

Transcript of Binding of Indian-Russian relationships after Sino-Indian 1962 war