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ARTICLE VII

Section 16. The President shall nominate and, with the consent of the Commission on

Appointments, appoint the heads of the executive departments, ambassadors, other publicministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain,

and other officers whose appointments are vested in him in this Constitution. He shall also

appoint all other officers of the Government whose appointments are not otherwise provided for by law, and those whom he may be authoried by law to appoint. The Con!ress may, by law, vest

the appointment of other officers lower in rank in the President alone, in the courts, or in the

heads of departments, a!encies, commissions, or boards.The President shall have the power to make appointments durin! the recess of the Con!ress,

whether voluntary or compulsory, but such appointments shall be effective only until

disapproved by the Commission on Appointments or until the next ad"ournment of the Con!ress.

#27. BINAMIRA vs. GARRUCHO, JR. [G.R. No. 92008. July 30, 1990]

FACTS: A memorandum designating Ramon Binamira as General anager

o! "#ili$$ine %ourism Aut#ority &"%A' (as addressed and signed )y t#e t#eninister o! %ourism and t#e *+o-iio /#airman o! "%A. %#e inistersoug#t t#e a$$roal o! t#e delegation to t#e $resident and t#e same (asgranted. /onomitantly, Binamira assumed o-ie as general manager on t#esame date t#at t#e memorandum (as sent.

 Allegedly, Binamira dis#arged duties as t#e "%A general managerand e+o-iio ie #airman. aid dis#arged is een $ur$orted to #ae)een ano(ledge )y t#e $resident.

o(eer, a!ter sometime, "eter Garru#o, as t#e ne(ly a$$ointedseretary o! tourism demanded !or Binamira4s resignation (#i# (as

$ursuant to a memorandum t#at t#en "res. A5uino sent to t#e !ormeradising #im o! t#e inalidity o! t#e delegation o! t#e $osition to Binamira as#e (as not a$$ointed )y t#e $resident (#i# (as (#at (as re5uired under"6 7. "6 7 is t#e la( t#at reated t#e inistry o! %ourism. :ndersetion 23A o! t#e deree, t#e General anager s#all )e a$$ointed )y t#e"resident o! t#e "#ili$$ines and s#all sere !or a term o! si+ &' years unlesssooner remoed !or ause.

;#en Binamira (as ousted, Garru#o too oer #is $lae as generalmanager, still in $ursuane (it# t#e memorandum sent )y "res. A5uino.

ust dismissal. "ending said ase, #e =led a su$$lemental $etitionim$leading Jose /a$istrano (#o (as t#e a$$ointed general manager.

ISSUE: ;#et#er t#e a$$ointment o! Binamira is $ro$er and t#us does not(arrant #is reall.

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HELD: "etitioner (as not a$$ointed )y t#e "resident o! t#e "#ili$$ines )utonly designated )y t#e inister o! %ourism.

?t is not dis$uted t#at t#e $etitioner (as not a$$ointed )y t#e "resident o!t#e "#ili$$ines )ut only designated )y t#e inister o! %ourism. %#ere is alear distintion )et(een a$$ointment and designation t#at t#e $etitioner

#as !ailed to onsider.

 A$$ointment may )e de=ned as t#e seletion, )y t#e aut#ority ested (it#t#e $o(er, o! an indiidual (#o is to e+erise t#e !untions o! a gien o-ie.;#en om$leted, usually (it# its on=rmation, t#e a$$ointment results inseurity o! tenure !or t#e $erson #osen unless #e is re$laea)le at $leasure)eause o! t#e nature o! #is o-ie. 6esignation, on t#e ot#er #and, onnotesmerely t#e im$osition )y la( o! additional duties on an inum)ent o-iial,as (#ere, in t#e ase )e!ore us, t#e eretary o! %ourism is designated/#airman o! t#e Board o! 6iretors o! t#e "#ili$$ine %ourism Aut#ority, or(#ere, under t#e /onstitution, t#ree Justies o! t#e u$reme /ourt are

designated )y t#e /#ie! Justie to sit in t#e *letoral %ri)unal o! t#e enateor t#e ouse o! Re$resentaties. ?t is said t#at a$$ointment is essentiallye+eutie (#ile designation is legislatie in nature.

6esignation may also )e loosely de=ned as an a$$ointment )eause itlie(ise inoles t#e naming o! a $artiular $erson to a s$ei=ed $u)lio-ie. %#at is t#e ommon understanding o! t#e term. o(eer, (#ere t#e$erson is merely designated and not a$$ointed, t#e im$liation is t#at #es#all #old t#e o-ie only in a tem$orary a$aity and may )e re$laed at(ill )y t#e a$$ointing aut#ority. ?n t#is sense, t#e designation is onsideredonly an ating or tem$orary a$$ointment, (#i# does not on!er seurity o!tenure on t#e $erson named.

*en i! so understood, t#at is, as an a$$ointment, t#e designation o! t#e$etitioner annot sustain #is laim t#at #e #as )een illegally remoed. %#ereason is t#at t#e deree learly $roides t#at t#e a$$ointment o! t#eGeneral anager o! t#e "#ili$$ine %ourism Aut#ority s#all )e made )y t#e"resident o! t#e "#ili$$ines, not )y any ot#er o-ier. A$$ointment inolest#e e+erise o! disretion, (#i# )eause o! its nature annot )e delegated.@egally s$eaing, it (as not $ossi)le !or inister Gonales to assume t#ee+erise o! t#at disretion as an alter ego o! t#e "resident. %#e a$$ointment&or designation' o! t#e $etitioner (as not a merely me#anial or ministerialat t#at ould )e alidly $er!ormed )y a su)ordinate een i! #e #a$$ened as

in t#is ase to )e a mem)er o! t#e /a)inet. An o-ier to (#om a disretion is entrusted annot delegate it to anot#er,t#e $resum$tion )eing t#at #e (as #osen )eause #e (as deemed =t andom$etent to e+erise t#at >udgment and disretion, and unless t#e $o(erto su)stitute anot#er in #is $lae #as )een gien to #im, #e annot delegate#is duties to anot#er.

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?n t#ose ases in (#i# t#e $ro$er e+eution o! t#e o-ie re5uires, on t#e$art o! t#e o-ier, t#e e+erise o! >udgment or disretion, t#e $resum$tionis t#at #e (as #osen )eause #e (as deemed =t and om$etent to e+eriset#at >udgment and disretion, and, unless $o(er to su)stitute anot#er in #is$lae #as )een gien to #im, #e annot delegate #is duties to anot#er.

*en on t#e assum$tion t#at t#e $o(er on!erred on t#e "resident ould )e alidly e+erised )y t#e eretary, (e still annot ae$t t#at t#e at o! t#elatter, as an e+tension or $ro>etion o! t#e $ersonality o! t#e "resident,made irreersi)le t#e $etitioner4s title to t#e $osition in 5uestion. %#e$etitioner4s onlusion t#at inister Gonales4s at (as in e-et t#e at o!"resident A5uino is )ased only on #al! t#e dotrine #e igorously inoes. Justie @aurel stated t#at dotrine learly in t#e landmar ase o! Cillena .eretary o! t#e ?nterior, (#ere #e desri)ed t#e relations#i$ o! t#e"resident o! t#e "#ili$$ines and t#e mem)ers o! t#e /a)inet as !ollo(sD

. . . all e+eutie and administratie organiations are ad>unts o! t#e

*+eutie 6e$artment, t#e #eads o! t#e arious e+eutie de$artments areassistants and agents o! t#e /#ie! *+eutie, and, e+e$t in ases (#ere t#e/#ie! *+eutie is re5uired )y t#e /onstitution or t#e la( to at in $erson ort#e e+igenies o! t#e situation demand t#at #e at $ersonally, t#emulti!arious e+eutie and administratie !untions o! t#e /#ie! *+eutieare $er!ormed )y and t#roug# t#e e+eutie de$artments, and t#e ats o!t#e seretaries o! su# de$artments, $er!ormed and $romulgated in t#eregular ourse o! )usiness, are, unless disa$$roed or re$ro)ated )y t#e/#ie! *+eutie, $resum$tiely t#e ats o! t#e /#ie! *+eutie.

%#e dotrine $resumes t#e ats o! t#e 6e$artment ead to )e t#e ats o!t#e "resident o! t#e "#ili$$ines (#en $er!ormed and $romulgated in t#e

regular ourse o! )usiness, (#i# (as true o! t#e designation made )yinister Gonales in !aor o! t#e $etitioner. But it also adds t#at su# atss#all )e onsidered alid only i! not disa$$roed or re$ro)ated )y t#e /#ie! *+eutie, as also #a$$ened in t#e ase at )ar.

;*R*E