BIM – Just another buzzword or a real change in the Industry? - Professor Arto Kiviniemi

BIM – just another buzzword or a real change in the industry?

Prof. Arto Kiviniemi Digital Architectural Design

10th November 2010

Arto Kiviniemi - Professorial lecture 10/11/2010

Content of the presentation  What is BIM?   Some key points in the history of BIM  Open BIM -‐ Interoperability and IFC  Where is the market now?   Some obstacles and problems   Some potenNal benefits  Requirements & examples of successful deployment   Future development needs?


What is BIM?  Building InformaNon Modelling is the process of generaNng and managing building data during its life cycle (Wikipedia)

 Building InformaNon Models •  are typically produced using 3-‐dimensional, dynamic building modeling soVware

•  include geometry, properNes, quanNNes, spaNal and funcNonal relaNonships of building components, and possibly geographical informaNon (GIS)

  Integrated BIM •  consists of several domain models; requirements, architectural, structural, MEP, producNon, as-‐built, maintenance…

•  requires interoperability

© VTT Arto Kiviniemi

Information is exchanged as documents

- often just on paper - which causes non-value-

adding work, friction, data losses and errors

Traditional document/2D-based process


Information is shared in an exploitable data format directly

between different systems

Integrated BIM-based process


Some key points in the history of BIM   Charles Eastman: “The use of computers instead of drawings in building

design,” Journal of the American InsNtute of Architects, March 1975   Early building product modelling research in 1980s and 1990s

•  RATAS, Combine 2, ISO STEP •  According to Jerry Laiserin the first implementaNon of BIM was

GraphisoV's Virtual Building concept in 1987.   Interoperability -‐ IAI/buildingSMART

•  Industry Alliance for Interoperability in 1994; 12 founding members: AT&T, Archibus, Autodesk, Carrier, HOK, Honeywell, Jaros Baum & Bolles, LBNL, Primavera, SoVdesk, Timberline, and Tishman

•  InternaNonal Alliance for Interoperability in 1996; 7 founding chapters: French Speaking, German Speaking, Japan, Nordic, North America, Singapore and UK. Later new chapters: Australasia, Benelux, China, Iberia, Italia, Korea, Middle East

•  New name “buildingSMART InternaNonal” in 2005   Term BIM launched by Phil Bernstein (Autodesk) in 2002   GSA and Senate ProperNes started to demand BIM in their projects in 2007

Open BIM – Interoperability and IFC


IFC is only a part of the solution  IFC is only an enabling specifica5on; one component for soVware development and implementaNon

 SoluNon components: •  Enabling technologies •  ICT infrastructure •  Enabling specificaNons •  SoVware applicaNons •  Processes •  Business models •  People

Common ICT development IAI/IFC (+ others) Software industry

AEC/FM industry

Arto Kiviniemi - Professorial lecture 10/11/2010 © Tekla: Leif Granholm 2009

Common (mis)understanding: IFC data is the master model

Arto Kiviniemi - Professorial lecture 10/11/2010 © Tekla: Leif Granholm 2009

The correct image: IFC enables data sharing, native models are the masters

Where is the market now?


Where are we on the Hype Cycle?

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BIM market transition

Early market

Tornado Main stream

Bowling alley Chasm

Forerunners (Innovators)

Visionaries (Early adopters)

PragmaNsts (Early majority)

ConservaNves (Late majority)

SkepNcs (Laggards)

Early 1990s

Expected situaNon in 5-‐10 years

Current market situaNon

Market saturaNon

Some obstacles and problems


Slow adoption of integrated BIM   Fragmented industry – no strong drivers

•  Large number of shareholders with potenNally conflicNng interests in every project

•  Ad-‐hoc project partners = no cumulaNve learning, lowest common denominator defines the level of integraNon

•  Very few sponsors for common development •  “Great idea. Tell me when it is ready.”

  ImplementaNon of open standards (IFC) has been slow and suffered from inadequate quality

•  Too many different versions •  Some disappoinNng results in early projects

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General obstacles   Sub-‐opNmizaNon

•  Typically low bid in every task, although minimized design and planning effort can lead into significant addiNonal costs in producNon

•  SeparaNon of design and producNon knowledge   Legal responsibiliNes – changes may increase uncertainty and risks

  In general change adverse aqtude •  Known exisNng problems, but “Rather the devil we know.”

•  Nobody wants to be the first; “It is the second mouse who gets the cheese!”

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Changing business case  Required investments and achieved benefits do not necessarily affect the same player •  More work and added-‐value in the early phases of the process, direct gains mainly in later phases

•  Who wins, who loses, or should we re-‐think the rewards? – Good results of IPD in USA

 No real process owners •  Systemic innovaNons – changes affecNng several actors – are difficult to implement

 Most clients do not know what to demand and how to control the new processes •  Missing baseline -‐ difficult to compare offers and results

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Briefing for Changes

Sketching Design, Engineering

Facility Management

Construction

Briefing

Demolition

Planning, Cost Information

Focus of BIM has been mainly in projects


Should we look at clients’ business?

Change adaptation

Client’s core business

FM services

Building process

Design

Construction


BIM to become part of public procurement process

1 October 2010 | By Anna Winston

http://www.bdonline.co.uk/news/uk/bim-to-become-part-of-public-procurement-process/5006655.article


Is this the industry response?

Or should we think why clients want BIM?

PotenNal benefits

26 Source: ”Organizing to Exploit Integrated Information Technologies”

Ray Levitt and John Taylor, CIFE - Stanford University 2005

27 Source: ”Organizing to Exploit Integrated Information Technologies”

Ray Levitt and John Taylor, CIFE - Stanford University 2005

Requirements & examples of successful deployment

Six steps to ”successful BIM”

30

Why to try to do everything in one go?

31

Why to start from the most complex one?

32


Top level support and strategy

34

BIM: five 0 in construction process

Results in a better productivity!

0-errors in design

0-errors in quantity- /cost estimations and scheduling

0-errors in procurement and logistics

0-errors in production

0-errors in hand-over

4.11.2010

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BIM applications in a typical sequence order for implementation in Skanska

Quantity take- off, Costing

Facilities Mgt.

= level 1

= level 2

= level 3

BU’s have the option to work with applications from a higher level

4D-Scheduling Simulations

Energy, fire etc

LCC- and LCA- analyses

Safety Planning Visualizations

Supply Chain Management

Procurement

Site BIM – Production Planning

Intelligent 3D-Modeling

Clash Detection

4.11.2010

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Multidisciplinary model −  Architectural model: −  Partition walls −  Windows −  Doors −  Balcony railings and

glazings −  Surfaces −  Etc.

−  Structural model −  Foundations −  External wal.ls −  Load-bearing internal

walls −  Stairs −  Balcony slabs,

columns −  Etc.

−  HVAC: −  Pipes −  Devices

−  Electrical model: −  Devices −  Cable racs

Johan Stenstrand 4.11.2010

Walking way

Timber storage

Precast panels

Waste containers

Safety railings

Fencing

Site access and roads

Site and safety planning & BIM

Johan Stenstrand 37 4.11.2010

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Temporary structures

Formwork, Suports & Scaffolding

Johan Stenstrand 4.11.2010

Benefits of using BIM on site

Problems in the design are apparent

– no need to debate on that

Total and faster understanding of what to be build

Multi-disciplinary information in one

place

More precise, clear

Information flows all the way to the doer

Facilitates the development of the construction sequence so that health and safety are taken into account (best way to build in that sense)

Trust the model & drawing -> gives

opportunity to speed up production (design has

to be finalized because it looks finalized in model

& in drawings

Model updated faster and more often than drawings -

Production team do not rely on drawings that could be out of

date

Model based collaboration & communication

Support co-operation between design disciplines

Collaboration with subs with model

Quicker problem solving

Information easily available

Quick and accurate quantities

Less errors/Mistakes made because of better

understanding

Able to do proper production planning

Johan Stenstrand 39 4.11.2010

www.granlund.fi Copyright Granlund | 40 January 2010

Example of integrated BIM simulation tools

Building services Network BIM

CFD simulation of demanding spaces

Environmental analysis (LCA)

Lightning simulations Virtual reality

Comfort simulation of spaces

Energy simulation of building

Requirements’ management

Self-reporting building

Investment and LCC analysis

Visualization of combined models

Analysis building modelling

FM and building portals

Multiphysics calculations

Technical visualizations

BIM model auditing

Building information model (BIM)

Geometry model and databases


Management of requirements and versions

Reporting

Client

1. Space type requirements

2. Geometry model

3. Validation of BIM 4. Space groups

5. Thermal simulation

6. System modeling

Design

Space data browsing, visualization by color charts • Comparisons: to targets and between versions • Overall checking of design process

Geometry model Space data

Simulation results

Simulation results Design data

Space types Zones

by Modeling tools or Architectural model

Comfort Lighting System needs

Geometry Spaces Windows Doors

Client’s needs

Facilities Management


Comparison of different alternatives

Alternative simulation results compared in ROOMEX to support decision making and project management   Various versions can be made for ex. by

simulating different window types   Differences between simulation results

will be presented with colour maps   Simulation results can also be

compared with original requirements   Comparable results are, for example:

- cooling loads - heat losses - air flow rates - luminance rates


Comparison to targets

Classification of spaces • Medical,… •  Special requirements, inspections

Contract areas •  Tenants, maintenance, cleaning,…

IT services in spaces •  LAN free/used connections, PC’s

BIM in technical facilities management

Service requests •  Locating spaces for need of service

Workplaces •  Personnel data, telephone catalogue

Measured comfort •  Temperatures in reference spaces

Access •  Permissions to different areas • Maintenance personnel routes

Technical services in spaces •  Available electrical, telecom services

Design targets of spaces •  Comfort, thermal loads

Building information model (BIM) for FM • Building geometry / floor plans, spatial data • Technical FM database

Archiving of Native models (MagiCAD,…)

Graphical user-interface of RYHTI FM

As-built data/ Renovations

Information management of integrated design

Building information model (BIM) for design

Data publishing for FM

Maintenance •  Locating equipment and zones. • Group replacement of lamps

Long Term Planning, Maintenance planning, Energy management etc


RYHTI Executive Management reporting

Operational tasks Processes / Contracts

Maintenance Management

LTP Repairs & Replacements

Energy Management

Service Request Management

Strategic approach

Management objectives


Public statement by government clients of the AEC/FM sector

Statement of IntenNon to Support Building InformaNon Modeling with Open Standards:   ”We will support, to the extent legally and pracNcally possible, the use of

IFC-‐related BIM soluNons in public construcNon works”   ”Our intent is for all major projects to use open BIMs based on IFCs on a

regular basis but no later than within a two-‐ to four-‐year (i.e., 2009-‐2011) Nmeframe”

  ”We also intend to observe and assess the conNnuing development of relevant accompanying open BIM-‐related standards like IFD, IDM and MVD approach to describe and display the informaNon required for the design, construcNon, and operaNon of constructed faciliNes and the interfacing of GIS-‐related open standards”

Public statement by - U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), USA - Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority (DECA), Denmark""- Senate Properties, Finland""- Directorate of Public Construction and Property (Statsbygg), Norway

HAKA6

Only one participant used BIM

BIM used only in one phase of the project

BIM used in all phases of the project

All participants

used BIM

Canthia

VTT Digi Building HU Animal Hospital Torikatu 36, Oulu

Upinniemi Central Warehouse

Didacticum

TUT Administration Tietotalo 2, Oulu HUT-600

Aurora 2 Helsinki Music Centre

BIM tests of Senate Properties 2001-2006

Lohipato school

As the result of testing Senate Properties started to demand

BIM in all projects starting since October 1st, 2007

How can BIM improve the decision making?

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• What information is needed for critical decisions? • Which parts of this information are already possible to

process with BIM better than in the traditional ways? • Market readiness; both technical and skill view points?

Senate Properties’ investment process

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Publication of models

Quality checking

Use of models in analysis and simulations

Scope, investment and lifecycle costs, sustainability

Creation of the design models

Mandatory use of BIM

Optional use of BIM

Senate Properties’ investment process

1.10.2007

Mandatory use of BIM

Mandatory use of BIM 1.4.2009

Senate Properties’ BIM requirements

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2007 BIM guidelines available in English at http://www.senaatti.fi/


Helsinki Music Centre

•  Integrated BIM used on site operations •  No installations allowed before the

detailed, combined model is approved

Future development?


Need to re-think the process

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Actors

Phases Tasks Problems: •  process •  skills •  technology

ECPIP-project: TKK SimLab and VTT

} 80% human issues } 20% technology


Business and contract models

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Education: Media affects our thinking

1775 1900 1985 2000 2010

Requirement for building permit drawings in Finland

Design by experience - physical models Manual drafting and tracing, highly illustrative drawings

Manual drafting, copying machines, simplified/abstract representation

Early CAD = automated

drafting Modelling Interoperability

Collaboration platforms

Simulation

Integrated BIM

Back to the illustrative representation

Virtual prototyping


Markets Increased

Functionality Increased

Productivity Increased

Operational Thinking

Tactical Thinking

Strategic Thinking

Long Lasting Competitive Advantage

TRANSFORMATIONAL

INFORMATIONAL

AUTOMATIONAL

Business effects of ICT Starting point

Source: VBE II project/VTT 2006

BIM – Just another buzzword or a real change in the Industry? - Professor Arto Kiviniemi

Education

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