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ARTICLE III

BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without

due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection ofthe laws.

Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever

nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or

warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be deterinedpersonally by the !udge after exaination under oath or affiration of the

coplainant and the witnesses he ay produce, and particularly describingthe place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. cralaw

Section ". #1$ The privacy of counication and correspondence shall be

inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety ororder requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. cralaw

#2$ %ny evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall

be inadissible for any purpose in any proceeding. cralaw

Section &. No law shall be passed abridging the freedo of speech, of

expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to asseble

and petition the governent for redress of grievances. cralaw

Section '. No law shall be ade respecting an establishent of religion, or

prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and en!oyent of

religious profession and worship, without discriination or preference, shallforever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil

or political rights. cralaw

Section (. The liberty of abode and of changing the sae within the liitsprescribed by law shall not be ipaired except upon lawful order of the

court. Neither shall the right to travel be ipaired except in the interest ofnational security, public safety, or public health, as ay be provided by law. cralaw

Section ). The right of the people to inforation on atters of public

concern shall be recognized. %ccess to official records, and to docuentsand papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to

governent research data used as basis for policy developent, shall beafforded the citizen, sub!ect to such liitations as ay be provided by law. cralaw

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Section *. The right of the people, including those eployed in the publicand private sectors, to for unions, associations, or societies for purposes

not contrary to law shall not be abridged. cralaw

Section +. rivate property shall not be ta-en for public use without !ust

copensation.cralaw

Section 1. No law ipairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. cralaw

Section 11. /ree access to the courts and quasi0!udicial bodies and adequatelegal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. cralaw

Section 12. #1$ %ny person under investigation for the coission of an

offense shall have the right to be infored of his right to reain silent andto have copetent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. f

the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he ust be provided withone. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of

counsel.cralaw

#2$ No torture, force, violence, threat, intiidation, or any other eanswhich vitiate the free will shall be used against hi. Secret detention places,

solitary,incommunicado, or other siilar fors of detention are prohibited. cralaw

#"$ %ny confession or adission obtained in violation of this or Section 1)hereof shall be inadissible in evidence against hi. cralaw

#&$ The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of thissection as well as copensation to the rehabilitation of victis of torture orsiilar practices, and their failies. cralaw

Section 1". %ll persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by

reclusion perpetuawhen evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction,be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as ay be

provided by law. The right to bail shall not be ipaired even when theprivilege of the writ of habeas corpusis suspended. xcessive bail shall not

be required.cralaw

Section 1&. #1$ No person shall be held to answer for a criinal offensewithout due process of law. cralaw

#2$ n all criinal prosecutions, the accused shall be presued innocent until

the contrary is proved, and shall en!oy the right to be heard by hiself andcounsel, to be infored of the nature and cause of the accusation against

hi, to have a speedy, ipartial, and public trial, to eet the witnesses face

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to face, and to have copulsory process to secure the attendance ofwitnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. 3owever, after

arraignent, trial ay proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused4Provided, that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is

un!ustifiable.cralaw

Section 1'. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpusshall not be suspendedexcept in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it. cralaw

Section 1(. %ll persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their

cases before all !udicial, quasi0!udicial, or adinistrative bodies. cralaw

Section 1). No person shall be copelled to be a witness against hiself. cralaw

Section 1*. #1$ No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political

beliefs and aspirations. cralaw

#2$ No involuntary servitude in any for shall exist except as a punishentfor a crie whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. cralaw

Section 1+. #1$ xcessive fines shall not be iposed, nor cruel, degrading or

inhuan punishent inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be iposed,unless, for copelling reasons involving heinous cries, the 5ongress

hereafter provides for it. %ny death penalty already iposed shall bereduced to reclusion perpetua.cralaw

#2$ The eployent of physical, psychological, or degrading punishentagainst any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequatepenal facilities under subhuan conditions shall be dealt with by law. cralaw

Section 2. No person shall be iprisoned for debt or non0payent of a poll

tax.cralaw

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in !eopardy of punishent for the

sae offense. f an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or

acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for thesae act.cralaw

Section 22. No ex post factolaw or bill of attainder shall be enacted.