Bilingual education

methodology:

language arrangements in the classroom

WHEN and HOW do teachers and learners

use one or both languages in the classroom?

Survey of language arrangements in 100 lessons

Translanguaging

Translation: subject-related terminology

Welsh: mixed L1 and L2

Welsh: L1 pupils

Welsh: immersion

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

18

17

14

14

14

11

5

5

2

Nifer y gwersi

Survey of language arrangements in 100 lessons

• Here are the survey results of language arrangements in 100 lessons in primary and secondary schools in Wales

• Some teachers use one language in lessons though the aim was to develop pupils' bilingualism (‘monolingualism for bilingualism’). 

For example, some units or modules are delivered through one language and others through the other language for all learners.

• Translation is seen in different situations, for example,- translation of subject-related terminology- translation to support Welsh learners/English learners

-translation for the whole class

• Translanguaging was the most popular strategy for using    two languages in the classroom.

Bilingual Education in Schools in Wales

Welsh medium/

Bilingual schools

Monolingual usage for bilingualism

L1 Welsh

L2 Welsh

L1 & L2 Welsh

or

L1 & L2 English

Concurrent usage

of two languages for bilingualism :

unplanned

Teacher responds to language of pupil

Concurrent usage of two languages for

bilingualism: planned

Translanguaging

Translation

(whole class)

Translation for L2 learner

(L2 Welsh or L2 English)

Translation:

subject terminology

Combinations of concurrent usage of

two languages

• This flowchart is an attempt to categorize the different   types of language arrangements in the classroom.

• There are THREE main categories:1. Monolingual usage for bilingualism2. Using two languages : unplanned3. Using two languages : planned

• Are these categories familiar to you?

• Discuss the questions shown on the next slide.

Discussion

• Based on your experience, do these categories encompass the various language arrangements within bilingual education in Wales?

• Are there other language arrangements?

• What do you consider are the advantages and disadvantages of : - using one language in the classroom - using two languages in the classroom?