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Universidad Nacional De Chimborazo

METHODOLOGY II

Alexis Ramírez

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Bilingual Brain

There are many research groups for years, trying to figure out how the brain affects learning languages. Many questions remain unanswered, but data which show that the bilingual brain is not and works just like the monolingual.

Albert Costa, professor of Icrea affiliated to the UPF and researcher in the group of bilingual speech production explains that speaking more than one language makes the brain work differently, which activates different neural areas and increase the density of white matter, the insulating substance that covers nerve connections.

In this regard, a team of researchers from the Rotman Institute, Toronto, has found that those who regularly spoke two or more languages throughout their lives have symptoms of dementia or Alzheimer between four and five years later than those who spoke only . Fergus Crack, responsible for the research, said in presenting their conclusions is that bilingualism prevent Alzheimer's, but provides mental stimulation that creates cognitive reserve that delays the onset of symptoms.

And these benefits, why develop only if you are bilingual since childhood? Research indicates that the age at which a second language is learned mind and imprinted in the brain and the ability to speak it, but not necessarily affect the cognitive benefits of bilingualism. "The more effective care tasks also occurs in people who have learned a second language later; I think it depends not on the when and how you know a language but you use it, you do exercise often change language, you decide which to use, "says Costa.

AGE FACTOR

To speak of a bilingual brain, do we need to master to perfection the two languages? As we have seen, some research suggests that older bilingual skills are not dependent on how well they know the languages as they are in an environment that requires use, albeit passively. Yosef Grodzinsky, specialist in neurolinguistic research, explained some time ago in La Vanguardia that although you mistake or do not understand a language well, if you try to speak exercise is as effective because it turns off and on the mechanism of one language or another. Cesar Avila and Albert Costa think that the brain is like a muscle, and the more the two languages are spoken and better their structures and vocabulary are known, exercising more and more benefits are obtained.

QUALITY FACTOR

Also affects how languages are learned bilingual brain. Costa explained that the lexicon depends on declarative memory, which is in the temporal lobes, whereas syntax, grammar and morphology of the mother tongue, learned by ear, practicing, fixed in procedural memory (riding Cycling), which is in the basal ganglia. But if the second language is learned, syntax and grammar are then housed in declarative memory rather than procedural, and therefore internalize costs more.

METHODOLOGICAL FACTOR

Is it the same being bilingual in Castilian and Catalan, Castilian and French that, Castilian and English, or Italian and German? Investigations to date indicate that no. Costa believes that languages are similar or very different, but that's not always easy to determine.

LANGUAGE FACTOR

Nor are no conclusive data on whether it is the same being bilingual or multilingual whether that once two languages known is easier to incorporate third or fourth. "There is no serious evidence that learning languages is easier than being bilingual," says Sebastian-Galles. Costa is almost convinced that multilingualism does not imply a gain of efficiency in executive tasks regarding bilingualism, but believes it is easier to learn a third language if you know both. "A bilingual knows juggle two balls and just add a third, while the monolingual has to start by learning the art of juggling" exemplifies.

 FACTOR NUMBER

Nuria Sebastian-Galles and Laura Bosch, who have spent decades researching bilingualism in infants reject these children take longer to say their first words or constructing sentences. "What there is much variability in time to start talking about one child to another, bilingual or monolingual" they explain. Andbelief that hearing two languages confuses children: "If you mix words when speaking is not because they have mixed languages in his brain, but by communicative strategy, because they have enough vocabulary and pull the word you know, any language. "Bilinguals tend to have less vocabulary of each language as a monolingual

To speak several languages other learning delays?

At that age bilingual infants seem not distinguish subtle phonetic differences, although recent research suggests that it just was not so surprised that something is said in different ways. Moreover, teachers who have followed experiences of bilingual education for 15 years conclude that these students do better in school, have more ability to solve problems and verbal skills.

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Referencia: NewScientist.com, 8 de mayo 2012 por Catherine de Lange- Título original: " Bilingual brain boost: Two tongues, two minds" - See more at: http://bitnavegante.blogspot.com/2012/05/el-impulso-del-cerebro-bilingue-dos.html#sthash.jzeV9oNN.dpuf

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biling%C3%BCismo

http://bitnavegante.blogspot.com/2012/05/el-impulso-del-cerebro-bilingue-dos.html