Bilingual and multilingual Bilingual and multilingual toponymytoponymy

**Documents of the Catholic Documents of the Catholic

ChurchChurch: : Annuario Annuario PontificioPontificio

**

Inoslav Bešker, Ph.D.Inoslav Bešker, Ph.D.

**Information Technology and Information Technology and

JournalismJournalism

Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, May 2May 266thth, 2006, 2006

Annuario PontificioAnnuario Pontificio as a as a multilingual toponymy sourcemultilingual toponymy source

► Toponyms in a local Toponyms in a local languagelanguage

►Nomina de Curia Nomina de Curia in in LatinLatin

►Nowadays Nowadays toponyms in a local toponyms in a local languages for titular languages for titular seessees

Fields of researchFields of research

►LanguagesLanguages StructureStructure HistoryHistory OrthographyOrthography

►Mutual influences and interactionsMutual influences and interactions Linguistic onesLinguistic ones Socio anthropologicSocio anthropologic Other cultural (in the broad sense of term)Other cultural (in the broad sense of term)

Causes of Influences and Causes of Influences and InteractionsInteractions

►Ethnic migrationsEthnic migrations►PrevaricationsPrevarications

Political:Political: imposing or change of the imposing or change of the political power etc.political power etc.

Economic: Economic: trade etctrade etc. . (> (> lingua franca > lingua franca > cultural prevarication)cultural prevarication)

Cultural: Cultural: linguistic (in terminology etc.), linguistic (in terminology etc.), literary, religious, musical etc.literary, religious, musical etc.

Implementers of linguistic Implementers of linguistic stratastrata

►settlers / inhabitantssettlers / inhabitants► immigrantsimmigrants► invaders etc. invaders etc. ►visitors (visitors (lingua francalingua franca))

The same language can perform The same language can perform different roles through different different roles through different

periodsperiods Case study:Case study: Latin in the SE Europe Latin in the SE Europe

as:as:► Invaders’ language (centuries: 1Invaders’ language (centuries: 1stst B.C. – 1 B.C. – 1stst A.D.) A.D.) ► Settlers’ language (centuries: 1Settlers’ language (centuries: 1stst – 3 – 3rdrd))► Inhabitants’ language (centuries: 1Inhabitants’ language (centuries: 1stst – 7 – 7thth))► The linguistic base for neoromance languages of settlers The linguistic base for neoromance languages of settlers

and/or immigrantsand/or immigrants TergesticTergestic Istriot (Rovinj)Istriot (Rovinj) Dalmatic (Udayna Dalmatic (Udayna d. d. 1898)1898) several Walachian languages (Moldavian, Romanian, Aromune several Walachian languages (Moldavian, Romanian, Aromune

etc.)etc.)► SubstrateSubstrate

In In Slavonic languages (Slavonic languages (Poljud, jarbol, računPoljud, jarbol, račun……)) In In Albanian language (Albanian language (Vlorë, kangëVlorë, kangë)) In In Hungarian language (indirectly: Hungarian language (indirectly: Ad Quinque Ecclesias > *Pet > Ad Quinque Ecclesias > *Pet >

Pécs > PečuhPécs > Pečuh))► Lingua francaLingua franca ((Church, sciences, literatureChurch, sciences, literature…)…)

Types in Bilingual Toponymy Types in Bilingual Toponymy (Italo-Croatian Examples(Italo-Croatian Examples))

► Literary translatedLiterary translated (LT) (LT) Rika (Rijeka) - FiumeRika (Rijeka) - Fiume Mirna - QuietoMirna - Quieto

► Different forms from different sourcesDifferent forms from different sources (DD) (DD) Krk < Krk < Curicum/CurictaCuricum/Curicta - Veglia < Vikla (< - Veglia < Vikla (<VetulaVetula CivitasCivitas)) Cavtat < Cavtat < CivitasCivitas - Ragusavecchia - Ragusavecchia

► Different forms from the same sourceDifferent forms from the same source (DSs) (DSs) Trogir - Traù (> Trogir - Traù (> TraguriumTragurium > Τραγούριον > Τράγος S Ορος) > Τραγούριον > Τράγος S Ορος)

► Different forms from the same meaningDifferent forms from the same meaning (DSm) (DSm) Kozjak - Monte Caprino (> Kozjak - Monte Caprino (> Mons CaprinusMons Caprinus > Τράγος S Ορος) > Τράγος S Ορος)

► Same formsSame forms, , even through even through orthophonic/orthographic differences (SF)orthophonic/orthographic differences (SF) Dalmacija = Dalmazia (> Dalmacija = Dalmazia (> DalmatiaDalmatia))

Types of Bilingual Names of Types of Bilingual Names of Titular Sees in SE Europe Titular Sees in SE Europe

(without Greece), according to (without Greece), according to Annuario PontificioAnnuario Pontificio

for 2006for 2006TypeType AbbrAbbr

..Number/Number/TotalTotal

%%

Literary translatedLiterary translated LTLT 1/481/48 2.082.08

Different forms Different forms from different from different sourcessources

DDDD 13/4813/48 27.027.088

Same formsSame forms SFSF 27/4827/48 56.256.255

Not classifiedNot classified -- 7/487/48 14.514.599

Titular Titular SeesSees – A – A

Church Church ItalianItalian

LocalLocal LatinLatin De De CuriaCuria

Church Church ProvincProvincee

MetropoleMetropole TypeType

AbrittoAbritto Dobritsch, Dobritsch, Hadji-Oglu-Hadji-Oglu-BazardjicBazardjic

AbrittumAbrittum Abritten(us)Abritten(us) Mesia Mesia InferiorInferior

MarcianopoliMarcianopoli DDDD

Acque di Acque di DaciaDacia

VidonacVidonac Aquae in Aquae in DaciaDacia

Aquen(sis) Aquen(sis) in Daciain Dacia

Dacia Dacia RipenseRipense

RaziariaRaziaria DDDD

AcridaAcrida OhridOhrid AchridaAchrida Achriden(siAchriden(sis)s)

Epiro Epiro nuovonuovo

Metr.Metr. SFSF

Alba Alba marittimamarittima

BiogradBiograd Alba Alba maritimamaritima

Alben(sis) Alben(sis) maritimusmaritimus

Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

LT*LT*

ArbaArba Rab, ArbeRab, Arbe ArbaArba Arben(sis)Arben(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

SFSF

AulonaAulona Valona, Valona, VloraVlora

AulonAulon Aulonitan(uAulonitan(us)s)

Epiro Epiro nuovo nuovo

Durrës SFSF

Titular Sees – B-CTitular Sees – B-C

Church Church ItalianItalian

LocalLocal LatinLatin De CuriaDe Curia Church Church ProvincProvincee

MetropoleMetropole TypeType

BistueBistue ZenicaZenica BistueBistue Bistuen(sis)Bistuen(sis) BosniaBosnia SalonaSalona DDDD

BononiaBononia VidinVidin BononiaBononia Buduanen(siBuduanen(sis)s)

Dacia Dacia RipenseRipense

RaziariaRaziaria DD ?DD ?

BuduaBudua BudvaBudva BuduaBudua Achriden(sis)Achriden(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia SuperioreSuperiore

DocleaDoclea SFSF

CittanovaCittanova NovigradNovigrad AemonaAemona Aemonien(siAemonien(sis) seu s) seu Civitatis Civitatis novaenovae

IstriaIstria VeneziaVenezia DDDD

Croe Croïa Croae Croën(sis)Croën(sis) Epiro Epiro NuovoNuovo

Durrës SFSF

CurzolaCurzola KorčulaKorčula CursolaCursola Cursolen(sis)Cursolen(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia Inferiore Inferiore

Salona, poi Split

SFSF

Titular Sees – D-FTitular Sees – D-F

Church Church ItalianItalian

LocalLocal LatinLatin De De CuriaCuria

Church Church ProvinceProvince

MetropolMetropolee

TypeType

DioclezianaDiocleziana Castoria?Castoria? DiocletianaDiocletiana DiocletianeDiocletianen (sis)n (sis)

DardaniaDardania SkopjeSkopje DDDD

DocleaDoclea Rovine di Rovine di Ducliya, Ducliya, DukeDuke

DocleaDoclea Docleen(sisDocleen(sis))

Dalmazia Dalmazia SuperioreSuperiore

Metr.Metr. SFSF

DrivastaDrivasta Drivasta, Drivasta, Drivost, Drivost, DrvischteDrvischte

DrivastumDrivastum Drivasten Drivasten (sis)(sis)

Dalmazia Dalmazia SuperioreSuperiore

DocleaDoclea SFSF

DulcignoDulcigno UlcinjUlcinj UlciniumUlcinium Ulcinien(sisUlcinien(sis))

Dalmazia Dalmazia SuperioreSuperiore

DocleaDoclea SFSF

Filippopoli Filippopoli di Traciadi Tracia

Plovdiv, Plovdiv, PhilippopoliPhilippopoli

PhilippopoliPhilippopolis in Thracias in Thracia

PhilippopoliPhilippopolitan(us) in tan(us) in ThraciaThracia

TraciaTracia Metr.Metr. SFSF

Titular Titular SeesSees – G-N – G-N

Church Church ItalianItalian

LocalLocal LatinLatin De CuriaDe Curia Church Church ProvinceProvince

MetropolMetropolee

TypeType

Germania Germania di Daciadi Dacia

Banja, Banja, Saparevsca Saparevsca BanjaBanja

GermaniGermania in a in DaciaDacia

GermanienGermanien

(sis)(sis)Dacia Mediterranea

Sardica DDDD

Giustiniana Giustiniana primaprima

IustinianIustiniana primaa prima

IustinianenIustinianen

(sis)(sis)Dacia Dacia MediterraneMediterraneaa

Arciv.Arciv. --

GlavinizzaGlavinizza in in AcroceraunAcrocerauniaia

GlavinitzGlavinitzaa

Glavinitzen(sisGlavinitzen(sis))

Epiro nuovoEpiro nuovo Durrës --

ModrušModruš Modrussen(sisModrussen(sis))

Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

SplitSplit --

NaissoNaisso NišNiš NaissusNaissus Naissitan(us)Naissitan(us) Dacia Dacia MediterraneMediterraneaa

SardicaSardica SFSF

NaronaNarona VidVid NaronaNarona Naronen(sis)Naronen(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

DDDD

NonaNona NinNin NonaNona Nonen(sis)Nonen(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

SFSF

Titular Sees – O-RTitular Sees – O-R

Church Church ItalianItalian

LocalLocal LatinLatin De CuriaDe Curia Church Church ProvinceProvince

MetropolMetropolee

TypeType

OdessoOdesso VarnaVarna OdessusOdessus Odesitan(us)Odesitan(us) Mesia Mesia InferioreInferiore

Arciv.Arciv. DDDD

OsseroOssero OsorOsor AbsorusAbsorus Absoritan(us)Absoritan(us) Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

SFSF

PedenaPedena PićanPićan PetinaPetina Petinen(sis)Petinen(sis) IstriaIstria Aquileia Aquileia SFSF

PreslavoPreslavo rovine rovine presso presso AbobaAboba

PreslavusPreslavus Preslaven(sis)Preslaven(sis) Metr.Metr. --

PtujPtuj PoetoviuPoetoviumm

Rhasen(sis)Rhasen(sis) NoricoNorico AquileiaAquileia SFSF

RasoRaso RasRas RhasusRhasus Naronen(sis)Naronen(sis) Bulgaria Bulgaria OccidentaleOccidentale

AcridaAcrida SFSF

RaziariaRaziaria Arčer o Arčer o ArcarArcar

RatiariaRatiaria Ratiaren(sis)Ratiaren(sis) Dacia Dacia RipenseRipense

Metr.Metr. SFSF

RisinioRisinio Risano, Risano, RisanRisan

RisiniumRisinium Risinitan(us)Risinitan(us) Dalmazia Dalmazia SuperioreSuperiore

DocleaDoclea SFSF

Titular Sees – STitular Sees – S

Church Church ItalianItalian

LocalLocal LatinLatin De CuriaDe Curia Church Church ProvinceProvince

MetropolMetropolee

TypeType

SardaSarda rovine di rovine di SchurdaSchurda

SardaSarda Sardanen(sis)Sardanen(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia SuperioreSuperiore

Doclea --

ScardonaScardona SkradinSkradin ScardonaScardona Scardonen(sis)Scardonen(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

SFSF

ScutarioScutario UskudarUskudar ScutariumScutarium Scutarien(sis)Scutarien(sis) TraciaTracia Filippopoli Filippopoli SFSF

Sebastopoli Sebastopoli di Traciadi Tracia

SanaklarSanaklar SebastopoliSebastopolis in Thracias in Thracia

SebastopolitaSebastopolitann

(us)(us)

TraciaTracia Filippopoli Filippopoli DDDD

*Serbia*Serbia Servia, Servia, SerfidjéSerfidjé

SerbiaSerbia Serbien(sis)Serbien(sis) Macedonia IMacedonia I TessalonicaTessalonica SFSF

SisakSisak ** SisciaSiscia Siscien(sis)Siscien(sis) Pannonia Pannonia SaviaSavia

AquileiaAquileia SFSF

StagnoStagno StonSton StagnumStagnum Stagnen(sis)Stagnen(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

SFSF

StrumnizzaStrumnizza StrumicStrumicaa

StrumnitzaStrumnitza Strumnitzen(siStrumnitzen(sis)s)

Macedonia IMacedonia I TessalonicaTessalonica SFSF

Titular Sees – T-ZTitular Sees – T-ZChurch Church ItalianItalian

LocalLocal LatinLatin De CuriaDe Curia Church Church ProvincProvincee

MetropolMetropolee

TypeType

TiburniaTiburnia Sankt Sankt Peter in Peter in Holz *!Holz *!

TiburniaTiburnia Tiburnien(sisTiburnien(sis))

NoricoNorico Metr. DDDD

TinoTino KninKnin TinumTinum Tinien(sis)Tinien(sis) Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

SFSF

Traianopoi Traianopoi di Rodopedi Rodope

rovine a rovine a TuzlaTuzla

Traianopolis Traianopolis in Rhodopein Rhodope

TraianopolitaTraianopolitann

(us) in (us) in RhodopeRhodope

RodopeRodope Metr. Metr. --

TransmarisTransmariscaca

TutrakhaTutrakhan, n, TurtucaiTurtucai

TransmariscTransmariscaa

Trans-Trans-marisce-marisce-n(us)n(us)

Mesia Mesia InferioreInferiore

Marcianopoli Marcianopoli DDDD

Trau’Trau’ TrogirTrogir TraguriumTragurium Tragurien(sisTragurien(sis))

Dalmazia Dalmazia InferioreInferiore

Salona, poi Salona, poi SplitSplit

SFSF

UlpianaUlpiana LipljanLipljan UlpianaUlpiana Ulpianen(sis)Ulpianen(sis) DardaniaDardania SkopjeSkopje SFSF

VirunoViruno ZollfeldZollfeld VirunumVirunum Virunen(sis)Virunen(sis) NoricoNorico AquileiaAquileia DDDD

ZernicoZernico Cerminic?Cerminic? TzernicusTzernicus Tzernitzen(siTzernitzen(sis)s)

Bulgaria Bulgaria OccidentalOccidentalee

AcridaAcrida --

So longSo long