Big data and smart cities: Key data issues
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Transcript of Big data and smart cities: Key data issues
Prof. Rob Kitchin
NIRSA , Maynooth University
[email protected] @robkitchin
Big data and smart citiesKey data issues
Government Data Forum, 14 July 2015
Urban big data
• Directedo Surveillance: CCTV,
drones/satelliteo Scaled public admin records
• Automatedo Automated surveillanceo Digital deviceso Sensed and scanned data o Interaction and transactional datao IoT (Internet of things) and M2M
(machine to machine)
• Volunteered o Social mediao Sousveillance/wearableso Crowdsourcingo Citizen science
Data-driven urbanism
Single systems
Integrated, city & sector wide
Smart ...
• Economy • entrepreneurship, innovation, productivity, competiveness
• Government• e-gov, open data, transparency, accountability, evidence-
informed decision making, better service delivery• Mobility • intelligent transport systems, multi-modal inter-op, efficiency
• Environment• green energy, sustainability, resilience
• Living• quality of life, safety, security, manage risk
• People• more informed, creativity, inclusivity, empowerment,
participation
Seven critiques of smart cities
• Ahistorical, aspatial and homogenizing• The politics of urban data• Technocratic governance and solutionism• Corporatisation of governance• Buggy, brittle, hackable urban systems• Serve certain interests and reinforce
inequalities• Social, political, ethical effects
The politics of urban data
Material Platform(infrastructure – hardware)
Code Platform(operating system)
Code/algorithms (software)
Data(base)
Interface
Reception/Operation (user/usage
Systems of thought
Forms of knowledge
Finance
Political economies
Governmentalities & legalities
Organisations and institutions
Subjectivities and communities
Marketplace
System/process performs a task
Contextframes the system/task
Data assemblage
Data concerns
• Corporatisation of governance• Data ownership• Data control
• Buggy, brittle, hackable urban systems• Data security, data integrity
• Social, political, ethical effects• Data protection and privacy• Dataveillance/surveillance (anonymous vs
personalised data – ANPR, CCTV, facial recognition, travel card & bluetooth tracking, smart metering, etc)
• Data uses: Social sorting, control creep, dynamic pricing, anticipatory governance, official statistics
Technical data concerns
• Data coverage and access (openness)
• Data integration and interoperability (data standards)
• Data quality and provenance: veracity (accuracy, fidelity), uncertainty, error, bias, reliability, calibration, lineage
• Quality, veracity and transparency of data analytics
• Ecological fallacy and interpretation issues
• Skills and organisational capabilities and capacities
[email protected]@robkitchin
http://www.nuim.ie/progcity@progcity
Kitchin, R., Lauriault, T. and McArdle, G. (2015) Knowing and governing cities through urban indicators, city benchmarking and real-time dashboards. Regional Studies, Regional Science 2: 1-28
Kitchin, R. (2014) The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal 79(1): 1-14.