Big Band Era From Territory bands to the big stage.
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Transcript of Big Band Era From Territory bands to the big stage.
Big Band EraBig Band Era
From Territory bands From Territory bands
to the big stageto the big stage
Big BandBig Band
Big BandBig Band
Territory bandsTerritory bands Bands that toured Bands that toured
in specific regions in specific regions of the United of the United StatesStates
““top 40” bands of top 40” bands of the erathe era
Traveling got too Traveling got too expensiveexpensive
Musicians found a Musicians found a “home”“home”
Big bands started Big bands started to become to become established in established in certain areascertain areas
Big cities following Big cities following the Mississippi the Mississippi
Started different Started different styles of jazz music styles of jazz music pertaining to the pertaining to the regions they were regions they were inin
Big BandBig Band
Dance craze of the Dance craze of the 1930’s and 1940’s1930’s and 1940’s
Extremely popular Extremely popular during the war during the war eras ( WWII)eras ( WWII)
Started after the Started after the Dixieland era, bigger Dixieland era, bigger band, bigger soundband, bigger sound
Musicians started Musicians started to become more to become more popular, wanted popular, wanted the spotlightthe spotlight
Count Basie- Count Basie- Kansas CityKansas City
Duke Ellington- Duke Ellington- New York/DCNew York/DC
Big BandBig Band
Big bands were Big bands were divided into 2 groups divided into 2 groups those that inspired those that inspired improvisation and improvisation and those that did notthose that did not
Solos became Solos became important to musicimportant to music
Improvisation- playing Improvisation- playing a made up solo over a made up solo over chord changeschord changes
Chord Changes- the Chord Changes- the outline of a songoutline of a song
Dixieland bands Dixieland bands wanted a bigger sound wanted a bigger sound so they added more so they added more musicians. More musicians. More musicians meant musicians meant bigger sound and the bigger sound and the ability to play new and ability to play new and different music.different music.
Big bands were able to Big bands were able to play more music, faster play more music, faster music, used for dances music, used for dances and celebrationsand celebrations
Big BandsBig Bands
New York (52nd New York (52nd street) became street) became popular hang out for popular hang out for jazz musicians and jazz musicians and big bandsbig bands
Cotton Club was the Cotton Club was the most famous jazz most famous jazz clubclub
In later years In later years Birdland and Village Birdland and Village VanguardVanguard
With the ease of With the ease of restrictions in restrictions in racial segregation racial segregation black and white black and white musicians were musicians were able to perform able to perform together thus together thus bands were able to bands were able to be largerbe larger
Make up of Big BandsMake up of Big Bands
4 trumpets4 trumpets 4 trombones4 trombones 5 saxophones ( 2 5 saxophones ( 2
alto, 2 tenor, 1 alto, 2 tenor, 1 bari)bari)
Saxes doubled on Saxes doubled on flute and clarinet flute and clarinet as well as well
rhythm section: rhythm section: drum kit, drum kit, bass, used double bass, used double
bassbass guitar, accousticguitar, accoustic piano piano
Big BandBig Band
Big bands created Big bands created “swing” a different “swing” a different way to play music way to play music that varied greatly to that varied greatly to other styles of music.other styles of music.
This created a “hot” This created a “hot” feelfeel
Influential big bands: Influential big bands: Glenn Miller, Benny Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, Count Goodman, Count Basie, Duke EllingtonBasie, Duke Ellington
Big bands also Big bands also created the start of created the start of the jazz vocalistthe jazz vocalist
Influential jazz Influential jazz vocalists: Billie vocalists: Billie Holliday, Ella Holliday, Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan, Joe Vaughan, Joe Williams, Frank Williams, Frank Sinatra.Sinatra.
Big BandsBig Bands
Scat Singing- Scat Singing- singing syllables singing syllables instead of wordsinstead of words
Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald Most jazz musicians Most jazz musicians
of later years got of later years got their start during their start during the big band era the big band era (made name for (made name for themselves)themselves)
Became famous Became famous and branched out and branched out on their ownon their own
Louis Armstrong, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis,Miles Davis,
Jazz VocalistsJazz Vocalists Frank SinatraFrank Sinatra
Big Band RoyaltyBig Band Royalty
King of Swing- King of Swing- Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman
Duke Ellington Duke Ellington Count BasieCount BasieThe Prez Lester The Prez Lester
YoungYoungLady Day Billie Lady Day Billie
HolidayHoliday
The First Lady of The First Lady of Jazz- Ella FitzgeraldJazz- Ella Fitzgerald
The Divine One- The Divine One- Sarah VaughnSarah Vaughn
Big BandsBig Bands Decline of the Big Band era Decline of the Big Band era
started with the Great started with the Great Depression of the 1930’sDepression of the 1930’s
Was too expensive to keep Was too expensive to keep a large band together.a large band together.
Big bands began to fade Big bands began to fade due to economic reasons, due to economic reasons, ballrooms started to close, ballrooms started to close, small clubs began to open, small clubs began to open, different types of media different types of media developed.developed.
As big bands started to As big bands started to fold due to economic fold due to economic challenges the jazz combo challenges the jazz combo evolvedevolved
Big band musicians went Big band musicians went on to start their own on to start their own groups and solo careers.groups and solo careers.
WWII created a renewed WWII created a renewed interest in the big band interest in the big band sound as well as the end of sound as well as the end of the depressionthe depression
In the late 40’s the In the late 40’s the creation of Be-Bop created creation of Be-Bop created a new style of jazz thus the a new style of jazz thus the influence of the big band influence of the big band was lessenedwas lessened
Big BandsBig Bands
Glenn Miller Big Band Glenn Miller Big Band was used for was used for entertainment and entertainment and morale for troops morale for troops during WWIIduring WWII
Benny Goodman first Benny Goodman first jazz group to racially jazz group to racially integrate their groupintegrate their group
Lionel Hampton-vibesLionel Hampton-vibes
Benny Goodman-Benny Goodman-created swingcreated swing
Most musicians got Most musicians got their start with a big their start with a big bandband
Once they got Once they got “famous” or wanted to “famous” or wanted to branch out they leftbranch out they left
Jazz singers went solo Jazz singers went solo after making a name after making a name for themselvesfor themselves
Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Most famous/popular jazz Most famous/popular jazz
musicianmusician Nicknamed SatchmoNicknamed Satchmo Jazz musician, singer, Jazz musician, singer,
trumpet player, entertainertrumpet player, entertainer Most famous jazz musician Most famous jazz musician
of the 20th centuryof the 20th century Fame as a trumpet player, Fame as a trumpet player,
band leader, scat singer, band leader, scat singer, civil right supportercivil right supporter
Helped to create scat Helped to create scat singingsinging
Featured in several Featured in several Hollywood movies (Hello Hollywood movies (Hello Dolly)Dolly)
Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Born in New Orleans, first Born in New Orleans, first
gained fame in the gained fame in the Dixieland eraDixieland era
Played with Joe King Oliver, Played with Joe King Oliver, Kid OryKid Ory
Started his “hot” and all-Started his “hot” and all-star bands in 1920’sstar bands in 1920’s
1922 left for Chicago with 1922 left for Chicago with OliverOliver
1924 wanted to branch out 1924 wanted to branch out on his own so moved to on his own so moved to New YorkNew York
Joined Fletcher HendersonJoined Fletcher Henderson
1925- Chicago- started 1925- Chicago- started recording under his own recording under his own name using his “hot” bandsname using his “hot” bands
Started touring all over the Started touring all over the State and EuropeState and Europe
1943 Settled in Queens 1943 Settled in Queens continued touringcontinued touring
Played an average of 300 Played an average of 300 gigs a yeargigs a year
1950 cut his big band down 1950 cut his big band down to 6 members and went to 6 members and went back to Dixieland styleback to Dixieland style
1964 biggest selling album 1964 biggest selling album and highest commercial and highest commercial success with Hello Dollysuccess with Hello Dolly
Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Toured Europe, Asia, and Toured Europe, Asia, and
Africa as a US state Africa as a US state Department Ambassador Department Ambassador of Musicof Music
1971 died of heart attack 1971 died of heart attack age 69age 69
Major supporter of MLK Major supporter of MLK and was supporter of the and was supporter of the Civil Right movementCivil Right movement
He was one of the first He was one of the first entertainers to speak up entertainers to speak up about political causes. He about political causes. He wanted to work behind the wanted to work behind the scenes not be in front of scenes not be in front of the causethe cause
Was extremely generous Was extremely generous with his money supporting with his money supporting different causesdifferent causes
First to popularize scat First to popularize scat singingsinging
Always played with most Always played with most influential musiciansinfluential musicians
Recorded with Ella Recorded with Ella Fitzgerald for Verve Fitzgerald for Verve records. Some of the most records. Some of the most influential jazz recordingsinfluential jazz recordings
Most famous songs are Most famous songs are What a Wonderful World, What a Wonderful World, Ain’t Misbehavin, and Ain’t Misbehavin, and Stompin at the SavoyStompin at the Savoy
Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong 1964 He knocked the 1964 He knocked the
Beatles off the Beatles off the billboard carts with billboard carts with Hello DollyHello Dolly
1968 reached number 1968 reached number 1 with What a 1 with What a Wonderful WorldWonderful World
Inducted into the Rock Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and Roll Hall of Fame, star on the Hollywood star on the Hollywood walk of fame, Grammy walk of fame, Grammy awards, jazz hall of awards, jazz hall of fame, fame,
Airport in New Orleans Airport in New Orleans is named after himis named after him
Influenced every Influenced every musician to come musician to come after him.after him.
Major influence on Major influence on trumpet players trumpet players
Major influence on Major influence on African American African American musicians and musicians and politicianspoliticians
Fletcher HendersonFletcher Henderson
Jazz pianist, Jazz pianist, arranger/composerarranger/composer
Led one of the first Led one of the first successful big bandssuccessful big bands
1922 formed his own 1922 formed his own band in Georgia “Best band in Georgia “Best colored band in the colored band in the South”South”
Worked for Black Worked for Black Swan recordsSwan records
1924 Louis Armstrong 1924 Louis Armstrong joined his bandjoined his band
Fletcher HendersonFletcher Henderson
1930’s- started 1930’s- started arranging music for his arranging music for his bandband
1934 started arranging 1934 started arranging music for Benny music for Benny GoodmanGoodman
1939 joined Benny 1939 joined Benny Goodman as player and Goodman as player and arranger then just arranger then just arrangerarranger
Famous for his big Famous for his big band arrangements still band arrangements still being performed todaybeing performed today
Hired by Duke Hired by Duke Ellington as an Ellington as an arranger when his arranger when his band played at the band played at the cotton clubcotton club
Charts are still being Charts are still being played todayplayed today
Benny Goodman Benny Goodman
1909-19861909-1986 King of SwingKing of Swing Band leader, Band leader,
clarinet playerclarinet player Born in ChicagoBorn in Chicago Started playing Started playing
professional at 16professional at 16 1926- His first 1926- His first
recordingsrecordings
Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman
Parents were blue Parents were blue collar working class collar working class citizens citizens
Father urged him to Father urged him to quit playing and get quit playing and get an “honest Job”an “honest Job”
Father never saw Father never saw him play him play professionallyprofessionally
1932 formed his own 1932 formed his own band in New York band in New York CityCity
Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman 1934- Lets Dance radio 1934- Lets Dance radio
showshow 1935- Palomar Ball room1935- Palomar Ball room Gene KrupaGene Krupa 1937- movie Hollywood 1937- movie Hollywood
HotelHotel 1938- January 16th 1938- January 16th
Carnegie Hall (Sing, Sing, Carnegie Hall (Sing, Sing, Sing)Sing)
1950- LP recording of this 1950- LP recording of this concert became the first concert became the first million selling lpmillion selling lp
1952 broke up big band 1952 broke up big band due to economic reasonsdue to economic reasons
Benny Goodman achieved Benny Goodman achieved the same success with jazz the same success with jazz that Elvis did with rock and that Elvis did with rock and rollroll
1936 Goodman added 1936 Goodman added Lionel Hampton on vibes to Lionel Hampton on vibes to form the Benny Goodman form the Benny Goodman QuartetQuartet
first musicians to racially first musicians to racially integrate their band. 10 integrate their band. 10 years before Jackie years before Jackie Robinson entered the Robinson entered the Major Leagues.Major Leagues.
Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman On January 16, 1938, the On January 16, 1938, the
Benny Goodman band Benny Goodman band played at Carnegie Hall. played at Carnegie Hall.
First jazz band to play at First jazz band to play at Carnegie HallCarnegie Hall
Carnegie Hall had been the Carnegie Hall had been the nation's greatest temple of nation's greatest temple of musical art, home of the musical art, home of the New York Philharmonic and New York Philharmonic and scene of every important scene of every important artist's debut artist's debut
Many of those who played Many of those who played with him as sidemen later with him as sidemen later achieved fame as leaders achieved fame as leaders of their own bands, of their own bands, soloists, actors, actresses, soloists, actors, actresses, musicians for movies and musicians for movies and televisiontelevision
Huge impact on popular Huge impact on popular music and the importance music and the importance of the clarinet in both jazz of the clarinet in both jazz and classical music. and classical music.
Thousands of youngsters Thousands of youngsters throughout the world were throughout the world were influenced to play the influenced to play the clarinet through listening clarinet through listening to Benny Goodmanto Benny Goodman
Gene KrupaGene Krupa
considered to be the considered to be the first drum "soloist." first drum "soloist."
father of the father of the modern drumset modern drumset
help with help with developing the developing the modern hi-hat modern hi-hat cymbals. cymbals.
the first drummer to the first drummer to record with a bass record with a bass drum drum
Gene KrupaGene Krupa
First real gig was with First real gig was with Benny Goodman and Glenn Benny Goodman and Glenn Miller, performed in the pit Miller, performed in the pit band of the new George band of the new George Gershwin play "Strike Up Gershwin play "Strike Up the Band. the Band.
Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman urged urged Gene to join his band with Gene to join his band with the promise that it would the promise that it would be a real jazz band. be a real jazz band.
Gene's classic performance Gene's classic performance on "Sing Sing Sing" has on "Sing Sing Sing" has been heralded as the first been heralded as the first extended drum solo in jazz extended drum solo in jazz
Gene KrupaGene Krupa
Left Goodman on March 3, Left Goodman on March 3, 1938 1938
Started his own bandStarted his own band authored his own book authored his own book
titled "The Gene Krupa titled "The Gene Krupa Drum Method"(1938)Drum Method"(1938)
began an annual Drum began an annual Drum
Contest(1941).Contest(1941). Louie Bellson was first Louie Bellson was first
winnerwinner Bellson went on to become Bellson went on to become
a famous jazz drummera famous jazz drummer
briefly joined up with briefly joined up with Benny Goodman and Benny Goodman and Tommy Dorsey before re-Tommy Dorsey before re-forming his own band forming his own band
big band was one of the big band was one of the first in the mid-forties to first in the mid-forties to introduce Bop introduce Bop arrangements with the arrangements with the help of Gerry Mulligan and help of Gerry Mulligan and the playing of trumpeter the playing of trumpeter
Red Rodney.Red Rodney.
Gene KrupaGene Krupa The Gene Krupa Trio was The Gene Krupa Trio was
one of the first acts one of the first acts recruited by Norman Granz recruited by Norman Granz for his "Jazz At The for his "Jazz At The Philharmonic" Philharmonic"
The JATP dates introduced The JATP dates introduced the famous "Drum Battles" the famous "Drum Battles" with with Buddy RichBuddy Rich in October in October of 1952of 1952
In 1959, "The Gene Krupa In 1959, "The Gene Krupa Story." The film was very Story." The film was very loose in the facts of Gene's loose in the facts of Gene's career but did feature an career but did feature an excellent soundtrack excellent soundtrack recorded by Krupa himself.recorded by Krupa himself.
Gene's last Gene's last commercial recording commercial recording was in November of was in November of 1972 1972
Gene's final public Gene's final public performance was with performance was with a reunion of the old a reunion of the old Goodman Quartet on Goodman Quartet on August 18, 1973. August 18, 1973.
Gene died October 16, Gene died October 16, 1973 of a heart attack 1973 of a heart attack
Glenn Miller Glenn Miller
First gig was with Ben First gig was with Ben Pollack’s band that Pollack’s band that
included Benny Goodmanincluded Benny Goodman 1928 freelance musician in 1928 freelance musician in
New York played with New York played with Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Gene Benny Goodman, Gene Krupa, and young singer Krupa, and young singer named Bing Crosbynamed Bing Crosby
April 1935, Glenn Miller April 1935, Glenn Miller recorded, for the first time, recorded, for the first time,
under his own name.under his own name.
Glenn MillerGlenn Miller His band emphasized the His band emphasized the
clarinet playing the melodic clarinet playing the melodic line while the tenor sax plays line while the tenor sax plays the same note, and the same note, and supported by three other supported by three other
saxophonesaxophone Tuxedo Junction, Moonlight Tuxedo Junction, Moonlight
Serenade,Serenade, and Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania 6-5000 were some of his 6-5000 were some of his songssongs
In the Mood was his most In the Mood was his most famous songfamous song
1941 left for Hollywood to 1941 left for Hollywood to record for and make moviesrecord for and make movies
Chattanooga Choo Choo Chattanooga Choo Choo becomes first million becomes first million selling album for Millerselling album for Miller
Sun Valley Serenade and Sun Valley Serenade and Orchestra Wives were Orchestra Wives were movies the Glenn Miller movies the Glenn Miller Orchestra were inOrchestra were in
On October 7, 1942, Alton On October 7, 1942, Alton Glenn Miller reported for Glenn Miller reported for
induction into the Armyinduction into the Army assigned to the Army assigned to the Army
Specialist CorpsSpecialist Corps
Glenn MillerGlenn Miller
appointment as a Captain appointment as a Captain to modernize the army to modernize the army band and ultimately band and ultimately improve the morale of the improve the morale of the men men
transferred into the Army transferred into the Army Air Corps, where he Air Corps, where he ultimately organized the ultimately organized the Glenn Miller Army Air Force Glenn Miller Army Air Force Band Band
Glenn Miller Army Air Force Glenn Miller Army Air Force Band engaged in over 800 Band engaged in over 800
performancesperformances
500 were broadcasts heard 500 were broadcasts heard
by millionsby millions First professional musician First professional musician
inducted into the military inducted into the military to serve as military band to serve as military band leader and musicians for leader and musicians for troop moraletroop morale
1944 Stationed in London1944 Stationed in London Six week tour of Europe, Six week tour of Europe,
was to be stationed in Pariswas to be stationed in Paris
Glenn MillerGlenn Miller
Miller decided to go ahead, Miller decided to go ahead, in order to make the in order to make the proper arrangements for proper arrangements for
the group’s arrivalthe group’s arrival December 15th, Glenn December 15th, Glenn
Miller boarded a transport Miller boarded a transport
plane to Parisplane to Paris Bad weather made Bad weather made
communication difficultcommunication difficult Plane crashes early Plane crashes early
morning of December 15thmorning of December 15th
Plane and body was never Plane and body was never recoveredrecovered
1945 Last recording of The 1945 Last recording of The Glenn Miller orchestra was Glenn Miller orchestra was releasedreleased
1954- The Glenn Miller 1954- The Glenn Miller story starring Jimmy story starring Jimmy StewartStewart
2003- Glenn Miller 2003- Glenn Miller received Grammy Lifetime received Grammy Lifetime Achievement award Achievement award posthumouslyposthumously
Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington
Band Leader, piano Band Leader, piano player, arrangerplayer, arranger
One of the most One of the most popular most popular most successful big band successful big band leaders of all timeleaders of all time
Famous for is Famous for is arrangements and arrangements and is personalityis personality
Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington
Born in Washington Born in Washington D.C.D.C.
Began performing Began performing when he was 17when he was 17
1923 moved to 1923 moved to New York CityNew York City
1927- House band 1927- House band for the Cotton Clubfor the Cotton Club
Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington One of two of the most One of two of the most
famous big bands (Count famous big bands (Count Basie)Basie)
used the best musicians used the best musicians from around the countryfrom around the country
One of the most famous One of the most famous African American African American musicians and celebritiesmusicians and celebrities
Arranged for the musician Arranged for the musician not the band which gave not the band which gave his band a distinct soundhis band a distinct sound
1940s was peak success1940s was peak success Arranged music for bands Arranged music for bands
and moviesand movies
Was key figure in Was key figure in symphonic big band jazzsymphonic big band jazz
Composed jazz suites and Composed jazz suites and not just simple “charts”not just simple “charts”
1943-Black, Brown, and 1943-Black, Brown, and BeigeBeige
Most famous songs were Most famous songs were Satin Doll and Take the A Satin Doll and Take the A train, Mood Indigotrain, Mood Indigo
1956- Newport Jazz 1956- Newport Jazz Festival revived popularityFestival revived popularity
1957- Such Sweet thunder- 1957- Such Sweet thunder- based on Shakespeare and based on Shakespeare and dedicated to Queen dedicated to Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II
1965- Pulitzer prize winner1965- Pulitzer prize winner
Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington
1966- Sacred concert 1966- Sacred concert combination of jazz combination of jazz music with Christian music with Christian readingsreadings
1969-presidential 1969-presidential Medal of FreedomMedal of Freedom
Multi Grammy award Multi Grammy award winnerwinner
1973 Legion of Honor 1973 Legion of Honor by the French by the French governmentgovernment
Band still touring Band still touring todaytoday
Major influence on jazz Major influence on jazz music and musiciansmusic and musicians
Created new forms of Created new forms of jazz music and jazz jazz music and jazz arrangements arrangements
One of the most One of the most influential musicians influential musicians of the 20of the 20thth century century
Cotton ClubCotton Club
The Cotton ClubThe Cotton Club One of the greatest jazz One of the greatest jazz
clubs in New Yorkclubs in New York Operated during and after Operated during and after
prohibitionprohibition Jack Johnson (heavy Jack Johnson (heavy
Weight champ) owned the Weight champ) owned the clubclub
Run by Mob in 1923Run by Mob in 1923 Helped to launch the Helped to launch the
careers of many of the big careers of many of the big band era musiciansband era musicians
Ellington was the house Ellington was the house band from 1927-1931band from 1927-1931
Recorded over 100 songs Recorded over 100 songs therethere
House band was required House band was required to perform every night, to perform every night, especially weekendsespecially weekends
New songs performed New songs performed every concert.every concert.
Cab Calloway took over as Cab Calloway took over as house band after Ellingtonhouse band after Ellington
Minnie the MoocherMinnie the Moocher Closed in 1936- after race Closed in 1936- after race
riots in Harlemriots in Harlem Re-opened on BroadwayRe-opened on Broadway Closed for good in 1940Closed for good in 1940
Count BasieCount Basie
Band leader, piano Band leader, piano playerplayer
One of the best and One of the best and most influential band most influential band leaders and musicians leaders and musicians of all timeof all time
1924 toured with the 1924 toured with the TOBATOBA
1928 moved to Kansas 1928 moved to Kansas City joined the Blue City joined the Blue DevilsDevils
Count BasieCount Basie
Became piano player Became piano player for Benny Moten jazz for Benny Moten jazz bandband
1935- Became leader 1935- Became leader changed to Count changed to Count Basie Big BandBasie Big Band
Created the Kansas Created the Kansas City style of jazz ( laid City style of jazz ( laid back jazz)back jazz)
Always hired the best Always hired the best musicians availablemusicians available
Count BasieCount Basie
Once you were a member Once you were a member of the Basie band you of the Basie band you remained a memberremained a member
Players went on to start Players went on to start own careers but always own careers but always returned to Basie band to returned to Basie band to play with themplay with them
Launched careers of many Launched careers of many famous musiciansfamous musicians
Influential to the start of Influential to the start of the jazz singersthe jazz singers
Joe Williams, Frank Sinatra, Joe Williams, Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald all got their Ella Fitzgerald all got their start with the Basie Bandstart with the Basie Band
Quincy Jones was trumpet Quincy Jones was trumpet player and arranger for the player and arranger for the Basie bandBasie band
1974 had cameo in Mel 1974 had cameo in Mel Brooks film Blazing Brooks film Blazing SaddlesSaddles
Sammy Nestico, famous Sammy Nestico, famous jazz arranger for Count jazz arranger for Count BasieBasie
Freddie Green famous jazz Freddie Green famous jazz guitaristguitarist
One O’clock Jump, All of One O’clock Jump, All of Me, April in Paris, Lil Darlin- Me, April in Paris, Lil Darlin- most famous songsmost famous songs
Count BasieCount Basie
Created a new Created a new style of jazz called style of jazz called Kansas City Style.Kansas City Style.
Off shoot of swing Off shoot of swing music where music where players “laid back”players “laid back”
Famous for its Famous for its rhythm sectionrhythm section
““Space” was Space” was importantimportant
Horn players used Horn players used riffs and motifsriffs and motifs
New style of piano New style of piano playing called the playing called the Basie StyleBasie Style
Stressed Stressed improvisationimprovisation
Lester YoungLester Young
The PrezThe Prez Famous Tenor Sax Famous Tenor Sax
playerplayer One of the most One of the most
influential influential saxophone playerssaxophone players
Started playing in Started playing in vaudeville and vaudeville and territory bandsterritory bands
Lester YoungLester Young Got his start in his father’s Got his start in his father’s
territory bandsterritory bands 1932 joined the Blue Devils1932 joined the Blue Devils Landed in Kansas CityLanded in Kansas City Played with King Oliver, Played with King Oliver,
Fletcher Henderson, and Fletcher Henderson, and Count BasieCount Basie
1934 joined the Count 1934 joined the Count Basie BandBasie Band
This group would lead him This group would lead him to national attention and to national attention and make him famousmake him famous
Nick name was given to him Nick name was given to him by friend Billie Hollidayby friend Billie Holliday
Was eccentric creating his Was eccentric creating his own playing style and own playing style and language for his friendslanguage for his friends
Used to hold the horn out to Used to hold the horn out to his right when he played his right when he played (like a flute)(like a flute)
1942 recorded with Nat King 1942 recorded with Nat King ColeCole
1943 inducted into the Army1943 inducted into the Army Black musicians were put Black musicians were put
into the regular army White into the regular army White musicians were put into musicians were put into military bands like Glenn military bands like Glenn Miller.Miller.
Lester YoungLester Young Court- martial for various Court- martial for various
offensesoffenses 1945 dishonorably discharged1945 dishonorably discharged 1946 JATP- jazz at the 1946 JATP- jazz at the
Philharmonic with Norman Philharmonic with Norman GranzGranz
Toured with them for 12 Toured with them for 12 yearsyears
1950- Lester leaps in solo at 1950- Lester leaps in solo at Carnegie HallCarnegie Hall
1952- Start of his drinking 1952- Start of his drinking problem, started to affect his problem, started to affect his playingplaying
1955- Hospital stays due to 1955- Hospital stays due to drinking and nervous drinking and nervous breakdownbreakdown
By the late 50s drinking By the late 50s drinking had taken a toll on him had taken a toll on him was unhealthy never ate, was unhealthy never ate, drank constantly could drank constantly could barely performbarely perform
December 8 1957- The December 8 1957- The Sound of Jazz-Billie Sound of Jazz-Billie Holliday, Ben Webster, Holliday, Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins, Gerry Coleman Hawkins, Gerry Mulligan, Roy EldrigeMulligan, Roy Eldrige
March 1959- final studio March 1959- final studio recording, European tourrecording, European tour
March 15th New York died March 15th New York died age 49age 49
Billie HollidayBillie Holliday
1915-19591915-1959 Lady DayLady Day One of the most influential One of the most influential
jazz singers of all timesjazz singers of all times Major influence on modern Major influence on modern
day singersday singers Born in Philadelphia Born in Philadelphia
(mother was 13 at time of (mother was 13 at time of her birth) father was jazz her birth) father was jazz guitaristguitarist
(Divorced early)(Divorced early) Began performing at an Began performing at an
early age to provide money early age to provide money for the familyfor the family
Billie HollidayBillie Holliday Early 1930 moved to New Early 1930 moved to New
YorkYork Father was absentee only Father was absentee only
showing up on rare showing up on rare occasions (shake down)occasions (shake down)
1932 Discovered by John 1932 Discovered by John HammondHammond
1933 first recording with 1933 first recording with Benny Goodman ( My Benny Goodman ( My Mother’s Son-In-Law)Mother’s Son-In-Law)
November 23, 1934 Apollo November 23, 1934 Apollo TheaterTheater
Regular performer on 52nd Regular performer on 52nd street clubsstreet clubs
Billie HollidayBillie Holliday Her music had impeccable Her music had impeccable
timing, nuanced phrasing, timing, nuanced phrasing, and emotional immediacyand emotional immediacy
Worked with al the great Worked with al the great artist became one of the artist became one of the greatest black singers of greatest black singers of all timeall time
Became addicted to drugs Became addicted to drugs starting at 13years old and starting at 13years old and bad addiction to heroinbad addiction to heroin
Cursed with bad abusive Cursed with bad abusive relationships most of her relationships most of her lifelife
Sang about her Sang about her relationships in her songsrelationships in her songs
Famous songs were God Famous songs were God Bless the Child and Fine Bless the Child and Fine and Mellowand Mellow
Major influence on female Major influence on female singers from Janis Joplin to singers from Janis Joplin to Madonna to present day Madonna to present day singerssingers
May 1947 arrested for drug May 1947 arrested for drug possession had cabaret possession had cabaret card taken away for 12 card taken away for 12 yearsyears
1954 European tour was a 1954 European tour was a huge success revamped huge success revamped her careerher career
Billie HollidayBillie Holliday
March 1959- Final studio recordingMarch 1959- Final studio recordingMay 31 1959 taken to hospital in May 31 1959 taken to hospital in
New York for liver and heart New York for liver and heart problemsproblems
July 17 1959 died age 44 died from July 17 1959 died age 44 died from cirrhosis of the livercirrhosis of the liver
When she died she had 70 cents in When she died she had 70 cents in her bank accounther bank account
Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald 1917-19961917-1996 Lady Ella- First Lady of JazzLady Ella- First Lady of Jazz Won 13 Grammy awardsWon 13 Grammy awards National Medal of Art, National Medal of Art,
Presidential medal of Presidential medal of freedomfreedom
Influential jazz singer and Influential jazz singer and innovator of scat singinginnovator of scat singing
Orphaned at age 14Orphaned at age 14 Started singing career at Started singing career at
age 16age 16 November 21, 1934- Apollo November 21, 1934- Apollo
TheaterTheater
Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald Started singing with Chick Started singing with Chick
Webb big band in 1935Webb big band in 1935 1939- Took over after 1939- Took over after
Webb’s death became Ella Webb’s death became Ella Fitzgerald and her famous Fitzgerald and her famous orchestraorchestra
Solo career 1941Solo career 1941 Norman Granz created Norman Granz created
record company Verve record company Verve records for herrecords for her
Ella created Songbooks she Ella created Songbooks she recorded for the Verve recorded for the Verve LabelLabel
Toured all over the world Toured all over the world promoting the songbook promoting the songbook seriesseries
Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald
Most famous collaborations are with Frank Most famous collaborations are with Frank Sinatra, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie.Sinatra, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie.
June 1974 combined concert at Caesars Palace June 1974 combined concert at Caesars Palace was the top grossing concerts in Vegas of all time was the top grossing concerts in Vegas of all time
Went to Broadway and grossed 2 million in 2 Went to Broadway and grossed 2 million in 2 weeksweeks
Was cursed with bad romancesWas cursed with bad romances Suffered from Diabetes and died from Suffered from Diabetes and died from
complications due to diabetes in 1996complications due to diabetes in 1996 Major influence on female singers from all genresMajor influence on female singers from all genres
Sarah VaughnSarah Vaughn
1924- 19901924- 1990 one of the greatest one of the greatest
female singers of female singers of all timeall time
Began performing Began performing in 1940’sin 1940’s
Went solo in 1945- Went solo in 1945- Tenderly, It’s MagicTenderly, It’s Magic
Famous 1950- Famous 1950- MistyMisty
Sarah VaughnSarah Vaughn Huge vocal range, being Huge vocal range, being
able to sing baritone to able to sing baritone to soprano, think Mariah soprano, think Mariah CarreyCarrey
Musically trained in theory Musically trained in theory and skillsand skills
Inspiration for Bosa Nova in Inspiration for Bosa Nova in the 1960’sthe 1960’s
Was huge influence on Was huge influence on modern singersmodern singers
Started singing pop style Started singing pop style songs in 1950s as well as songs in 1950s as well as jazz, cross over artistsjazz, cross over artists
Continued to record and Continued to record and win awards well into the win awards well into the 1980s1980s
JATPJATP
Jazz at the PhilharmonicJazz at the Philharmonic Started by Norman GranzStarted by Norman Granz He created Verve recordsHe created Verve records First all star settingFirst all star setting Toured around the countryToured around the country Give exposure of jazz Give exposure of jazz
music to people who would music to people who would not usually see a concertnot usually see a concert
World famous musicians in World famous musicians in a jam session type concert a jam session type concert so the audience could get so the audience could get closer to the musicianscloser to the musicians