Bid an Agere

7/31/2019 Bid an Agere

1/23

BIDANAGERE:

STUDY OF A VILLAGE UNDERGOING

TRANSFORMATION

Acharyas N R V School of Architecture


2/23

Contents

Introduction

Bidanagere

Survey Methodology

Findings

Inference

Annexure


3/23

Introduction:

The following study is undertaken as a part of an exercise under sociology to understand the

processes that the village and city areas undergo in the context of the proximity to a

primate city like Bangalore and is an attempt to capture the social structure of a village, and

the forces influencing the economic and physical changes in them.

Definition of a village:

The census of India considers those areas as rural where the population is below 5000 and

the density of population less than 400 per square Kilometer. It further provides that in such

areas at least 75% of the males of the working population are engaged in agricultural

pursuits.

A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the

population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. It is normally permanent, with

fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. A village is form of community thatpractices subsistence agriculture and other non-agricultural activities.

According to the 2001 Indian census, 74% of Indians live in 638,365 different villages. The

size of these villages varies considerably. 236,004 Indian villages have a population less than

500, while 3,976 villages have a population of 10,000+.

Rural village transformation:

Under the influence of urbanization, the look of many rural villages is changing. New cities

continue to form as urban pockets of farmers form and merge. Former farmers and urban

residents become neighbors. Farmers have started to accept urban lifestyles. Since there

are great economic differences between cities and villages, a large number of farmers,

especially the young and middle-aged, have migrated to the cities to make a living. Thus the

population of the villages has dropped drastically. Furthermore, there are increasing

numbers of unemployed and unemployable rural youth.


4/23

The mission:

A team of 30 architecture students from Acharyas NRV school of architecture, left for the

mission to get primary data ,in person, on the 20th

and 21st

of august 2011.

Our objective was to do a survey of approximate 60 families. We set as our goal the study ofIndias cultural heritage, the pole about which the true life of the people revolves. Our

objectives and working methods are clearly of a socio-cultural nature. The further reports

will lead you till the conclusion.

Objectives:

To understand the social structure of the village. To identify various influences that brings about a change in the village. To understand the tradition and resilience of rural society. Explore the causative factors for shift of rural population. Analysis of information gathered from primary survey data.

Selection procedure:

A village of average population size, about 1,0003,000 people was to be chosen. It was to

be at a sufficient distant from all mega-cities. Significant ecological (i.e. hills and forest,

riverine tracts, coastal areas), social (i.e. caste, community) and religious (i.e. Hindu, Muslim,

Christian) variations of the village was also considered as a selection criteria. Uniqueness of

the village in terms of ethnic, occupational (e.g. agricultural village) and cultural peculiarities

was also considered.

Rural development in India:

Lack of livelihood opportunities, modern amenities and services for decent living in rural

area lead to migration of people to urban areas. There are wide gaps in the

availability of physical and social infrastructure between rural and urban areas. To

address these issues, the President of India Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam highlighted a

vision of transformation of rural India through launching a mega mission for

Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA). During his address to the

nation on eve of Republic Day 2003, Dr. Kalam visualized providing four connectivities:

physical connectivity, electronic connectivity, knowledge connectivity leading toeconomic connectivity of rural areas. PURA was envisaged as a self-sustainable and


5/23

viable model of service delivery to be managed through an implementation

framework between local people, public authorities and the private sector. The

Government support would be in the form of finding the right type of

management structure to develop and maintain rural infrastructure, empowering

such management structure and providing initial economic support. Subsequently,

Prime Minister of India also 1 announced implementation of PURA scheme in his

Independence Day speech on 15th

August 2003

PURA mission:

"Holistic and accelerated development of compact areas around a potential growth centre

in a Gram Panchayat (or a group of Gram Panchayats) through Public Private Partnership

(PPP) framework for providing livelihood opportunities and urban amenities to improve

the quality of life in rural areas."


6/23

BIDANAGERE:

The study was undertaken in a village, Bidanagere, near Kunigal, which lies along NH 48. It

has recently come under the town municipal corporation of Kunigal. Near By towns are

Kunigal (2.2 k.m.), Gubbi (32.6 k.m.) Turuvekere (33.4k.m.) Tumkur (40.2 k.m.). 600 families

reside in this village.

INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE VILLAGE:

Bidanagere has both kuccha and pucca houses. It has 3 Temples and 1 Masjid. Locally

available building materials are mostly used for construction purposes.


7/23

Bidanagere has Government schools, of which one is an Urdu school and the other is a

Kannada medium school with classes up to 7th

standard. For further studies one needs to go

out of the village. For small children and infants, the village has an AGANWADI (BALWADI).

The presence of a brick and Mangalore tiles factory in the vicinity of the village has

influenced the recent construction practices of the village.

The municipality took charge ofBidanageres domestic issues, around 15 years ago.

Till such time electricity was only available in two shifts of 4hrs, once in the morning and

once after 6. Water was available thrice a week; one had to depend on local water bodies

for most of their work. Street lights were not fully functional nor were they present as much

as today. Maintenance was very poor, because of no proper municipal body.

Culverts, sewage lines, drainage were not present, making life miserable when there were

heavy rains. No primary health care centre was present. These were the major draw backs

which Bidanagere was facing.

At Present, electricity is provided, 22 hrs and two hrs are cut each day. Water supply is

provided by the municipality, each day for 1 hrs once in the morning and evening. Street

lights are provided and functional throughout the night. Maintenance is promptly followed

by the municipal corporation.

Culverts which flow around the structure of the house have not been implemented

sufficiently. Drainage and sewage facilities are still insufficient.


8/23

The village now has one post office which caters to the surrounding 5/6 villages as well.

Community spaces are being built.

Improvement of sewage, drainage and water supply facilities is under implementation.

Concrete roads are being constructed to provide intra-village connectivity.


9/23

.


10/23


11/23

Survey Methodology:

Survey methodology is the field that studies surveys, that is, the sample of individuals from

a population, with a view towards making statistical inferences about the population. A

survey may focus on different topics such as preferences (e.g., for a presidential candidate),

behavior (smoking and drinking behavior), or factual information (e.g., income), etc,

depending on its purpose. Since survey research is always based on a sample of the

population, the success of the research is dependent on the representativeness of the

population of concerned.

There are several ways of administering a survey and the choice between administration

modes is influenced by several factors including, cost, coverage of target population,

flexibility of asking questions, willingness of population to participate and response

accuracy.

Various methods are employed for taking surveys and each differ in the type of questioning

and answering and have their own advantages and disadvantages. The most common

methods employed for surveying are through telephone conversations, postal methods,

online surveys, personal door to door surveys, personal mall or street intercept survey and a

mix of the above.

Method used to survey Bidanagere:

The type of survey conducted by us was a door to door survey, so as to have an on field

experience. Samples of approx. 60 families of the 600 were carefully selected so as to

achieve equal representation from all communities present in the village. A common

questionnaire (as in annexure 1) was prepared by us after discussing the criterias to be

listed namely, the social, economical, physical and infrastructural aspects of the village. This

questionnaire was used to survey each of the families and to conduct a comparative study

of them. The class was divided into groups of 4 and each group surveyed 8 families

belonging to different strata and communities. The statistical outcome of the survey has

been annexed and the findings have been detailed below.


12/23

Findings:The total number of families surveyed was 58 which constitute 9.6% of the total number of

families that the village consists of.

The following facts were deducted from the survey on Bidanagere:

1. 20.69% (12 families) are joint families where as the rest 79.31 % (46 families)are nuclear families.

Total No. of Houses vs. No. of

Samples Taken

Total No. of Houses

No. of Samples Taken

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


13/23

2. 68.96% (40 families) have a family size of 5 members and below and the rest31.03% (18 families) have family sizes of more than 5 members. However in

the sample that we studied no family had more than 12 family members.

3. 75.94% (221) are adults and 24.05% (70) are children.4. Of these 78.57 %( 55) are school going and 21.42% (15) are not schooled.5. 49.14% (143) are males and 50.85% (147) are females.6. 60.34% (35families) belong to the caste Vokkaliga, 5.17%(3 families) belong

to Sc/St , 10.34%(6 families) belong to Madivalru , 5.17%(3 families) belong to

Padmashali, 12.06%(7 families)are Muslims, 1.72%(1 family) belong to

Madigru, 1.72%(1 family) belong to Tovaishnava and 3.44%(2 families) belong

to Achars. (refer pie chart below)

7. 18.21%(53people) are illiterate rest 81.79% (238 people)are literate

Caste Ratio

Vokkaliga

sc/st

Madivalru

padmashali

Muslims

Madigru

Tovaishnava

Achars


14/23

The above graphs read as follows:1. 17.24 %( 10) families are dependent on a single non agricultural occupation

such as: poultry, brick factory, doctor, mechanic, laborer etc. 74.13 %( 43

families) are dependant both on agriculture and other seasonal and non

agricultural jobs. And only 8.62%(5 families) depend only on agriculture for

income

2. 72.41%(42 families) own lands and landed properties out of which:61.90%(26 families) own lands below 2 and 2 acre size.23.81%(10 families)own 2-5 acres of land and rest 10.34%(6 families) own more than 5 acres of

land.

Out of these 42 families that own land, 38.09%(16 families) depend only on

rain as water source,26.19%(11families) depend only on bore wells and tube

wells , 11.90%(5 families) depend only on tanks and the remaining 23.81%(10

families) depend on irrigation systems and public water supply systems

The remaining 27.58 %( 16 families) do not have any landed properties.

3. 55.17 %( 32 families) have livestock out of which 40.62 %( 13 families) haveonly cattle.

4. 13.79 %( 8 families) are below poverty line considering their income levels.31.03 %( 18 families) belong to low income group.36.20 %( 21 families)

belong to middle income group and the rest 18.96 %( 11 families) belong to

high income/well to do group. (refer pie chart below)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Series 1

Series 2

Series 3

Series 4


15/23

43.10 %( 25 families) have kuccha houses and remaining 56.89 %( 33 families)

have pucca house.

5. 89.65 %( 52 families) have own houses and the remaining 10.34 %( 6 families)have rented houses.

6. 93.10%(54 houses) are well connected with services like electricity and watersupply

7. Which 85.71 %( 18 families) have undergone physical mobility/migratedto/within Kunigal and Bangalore. The rest 14.28 %( 3 families) have

undergone physical mobility within the village.

8. 36.20 %( 21 families) have undergone physical mobility.9. 34.48 %( 20 families) have undergone economic mobility.

Other non- tabulated facts:

37.11%(108)are employed and 41.58%(121) are dependant out of which 62.81%(76)are dependant as they are children and 37.19%(45) are dependant as they are old

age people

Out of the 238 literate people,19.32%(46 people) have studied up to 5thclass.29.41%(70people) have studied up to 10

thclass24.79%(59 people) have studied

up to 12th

and the remaining 18.06%(43 people ) have done higher

studies/graduation. 55.17 %( 32 families) have livestock out of which 40.62 %( 13 families) have only

cattle.

Main expenditure of a family is: for 39.65%(23 families) food onlyfor 10.34%(6 families) education only

for 43.10%(25 families) food & education and others

for 6.89%(4 families) food and other expenditures

58.62 %( 34 families) own vehicles (including bullock carts) out of which 50 %( 17families) own 2/3 wheelers only.14.70 %( 5 families) own both 2/3 and 4/6 wheelers.

5.88 %( 2 families) own bullock carts only. In the sample we studied, there was nofamily that owned only a 4/6 wheeler vehicle.

Economic levels

Below poverty line

low Income

Middle Income

High Income


16/23

34.48 %( 20 families) have undergone economic mobility.35 %( 7 families) haveundergone economic mobility due to the physical mobility.

The locally available materials are brick, hollow bricks, bamboo, mud blocks,Mangalore tiles, stones.

The village consists of dry and wet lands, natural reservoirs, lakes, wells and ponds.There are totally about 8 lakes and ponds are used for domestic and irrigation

purposes.


17/23

INFERENCESThe collected samples, accounting to nearly 10% of the total village population, give us a fair

idea about the demographics and transitional status of the village. Since care was taken to

ensure that no family is surveyed twice and that all the pockets of the village have a

representation, this study can be taken as the basis of determining the status of the entire

village.

From the facts arrived at after consolidation of the survey data the following inferences

were made,

SOCIAL ASPECTS

The no. of joint families residing in the village has seen a fall over the years and there seems

to be an increase in the number of nuclear families. This can be seen in the ratio of the joint

families to the nuclear families, 6:13. The population of each family is fairly controlled with

approximately 70 % of the families having 5 members and none of the families surveyed

contained more than 12 members. The ratio of the number of adults in the village to the

number of children is 221:70 meaning every fourth person in the village was a child.

The ratio of males to females being fairly equal indicates the social improvement of the

village and also indicates that female infanticide which is prevalent in many Indian villages is

not practiced here. An applaudable fact about the village is that women are given an almost

equal stand as men. Some families even practice the matriarchal form of society.

The number of dependants in the village is however more than the in-dependent members.

The categories of people falling under the dependant group are children, old aged people

and handicapped people. Quite a few families had handicapped members who were

completely dependent on others. While some families had admitted their handicapped

members in rehabilitation centers in Bangalore, some took the burden of caring for then on

themselves.

The Vokkaliga community makes up the majority of the population, with Muslims ,

Madivalru ,Sc/St , Padmashali, Achars, Madigru and Tovaishnava filling the remaining(in

descending order of their nos.)

EDUCATION

When it came to educating children though progress has been made over the years, the

village still has a long way to go considering 3 out of every 11 children are not schooled. It is

to be however noted that children who have not reached the age for schooling have not

been included among the unschooled.


18/23

The literacy rate of the village is 81%, out of which 19% have the bare minimum education

of 5th

standard and 18% with a proper degree or qualification. While most educated people

have migrated too towns and cities in search of better livelihood, some have stayed back to

continue their traditional family occupation of agriculture.

ECONOMICAL ASPECTS

Most families of the village depended on agriculture for their livelihood (75%) while only

17% of the families depended on non agricultural jobs, which includes brick factory, dhobis

etc. the percentage of people depending on agriculture was 8%. Most families with

agricultural background depended on rain for their fields and during off season worked as

daily labors. Very few families depended on bore wells, public water systems and tanks.

70% of the families have landed properties, majority of the having 1 acre or less. 27.586%

families do not have landed properties. 55% of the families own livestock, which includebuffalos, cows and hens. When it comes to the income levels a majority of the families fall

under the low income and middle income groups (combined total of approx 68 %). While

18% receive high income, mostly through agriculture, 13% fall under the below poverty line.

Nearly 60% reside in pucca houses with almost 90% self-owned residences.

Public services like water supply and electricity are enjoyed by about 94% of the families,

while the remaining 6%, mostly belonging to the below poverty line group receive only a

meager amount of services, for example, water is supplied to them for only about half an

hour per day per street.

The primary expenditure of the families is for food and education. While the factory workers

enjoy ESI facilities and other perks provided by the factory, the others have no such

facilities.

58.621 %( 34 families) own vehicles (including bullock carts) out of which 50 %( 17 families)

own 2/3 wheelers only. 14.706 %( 5 families) own both 2/3 and 4/6 wheelers. 5,882 %( 2

families) own bullock carts only. In the sample we studied, there was no family that owned

only a 4/6 wheeler vehicle.

MOBILITY

36.207% (21 families) have migrated within and out of the village. While 85.714% have

migrated to other towns and cities, mainly Kunigal and Bangalore, 14.286% have merely

changed their location within the village. The people migrated from the village have

migrated mainly for employment and marital reasons. Very few families of the migrated

people have been economically improved from the change. However, socially their status

has improved greatly due to the pride factor attached with migration of family members to

towns and cities. Therefore it can be said that migration has opened its doors for social

mobility while economical mobility due to migration is rare as only 7 families have


19/23

benefitted from it. Nevertheless 34.483% have undergone economical mobility due to

various other factors other than migration.

Therefore, it can be inferred that, Bidanagere is one of the gradually improving villages of

Karnataka, which has evolved greatly in the social and economical spheres, though there is

still a long way to go.

THE END


20/23

Annexure:

ACHARYAS NRV SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS

VILLAGE CASE STUDY/ SURVEY - BIDANAGERE

NAME OF THE RESPONDENT:

AGE: SEX:

RELATION TO THE FAMILY:

FAMILY DETAILS

HEAD OF THE FAMILY:

NO. OF MEMBERS IN THE FAMILY:

SI. NO. NAME AGE SEX EDU. QUAL. OCCUPATION OTHER

FAMILY STRUCTURE (JOINT/NUCLEAR):

CASTE:

NO. OF EDUCATED MEMBERS IN THE FAMILY:

NO. OF EARNING MEMBERS IN THE FAMILY:

MIGRANTS (IF ANY):

PLACE OF MIGRATED TO:

MAIN SOURCE OF INCOME FOR THE FAMILY

AGRICULTURE: MINING: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY:

HUNTING: TRADING:

COTTAGE INDUSTRY (SPECIFY):

OTHER (SPECIFY):

TYPE OF INCOME

DAILY WAGE: SELF EMPLOYMENT:

JOINT STOCK: EMPLOYER:

MONTHLY INCOME FOR THE FAMILY:MONTHLY EXPENDITURE:


21/23

TYPE OF DWELLING

KUCCHA HOUSE:

PUKKA HOUSE: (SPECIFY TYPE):

STATUS ABOUT THE OWNERSHIP OF THE STRUCTURE

OWN: LEASE:

RENT: OTHER (SPECIFY):

PROPERTY OWNED

LAND: VEHICLES:

BUILDINGS: LIVESTOCK:

OTHER:

MAIN EXPENDITURE

FOOD: SHELTER: CLOTHING:ENTERTAINMENT: EDUCATION:

OTHER (SPECIFY):

FACTOR AFFECTING ECONOMIC STATUS OF FAMILY:

ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE FAMILY IN YHE PAST:

RATE OF IMPROVEMENT:

EXPECTED OUTCOME IN FUTURE:

RESOURCES

WHAT KIND OF LAND DO THEY POSSESS?

WET LAND: DRY LAND: IRRIGATED:

NON-IRRIGATED: OTHERS (SPECIFY):

WHAT IS THE EXTENT OF THEIR LAND?

SOURCES OF WATER TO THEIR LAND/ FIELDS

TUBE WELL: BOREWELL: WELLS:

RIVER/CANAL:

WHAT KNID OF CROPS ARE GROWN?

ANNUAL: HALF YEARLY: QUATERLY:SEASONAL:

SPECIFY CROP:

SURROUNDING VEGETATION:

SOURCES OF WATER FOR HOUSES:

DRINKING:

FOR OTHER ACTIVITIES:

ELECTRICITY

DURATION OF POWER SUPPLY:

PHASE IN WHICH IT IS SUPPLIED:


22/23

GENERAL VILLAGE INFRASTRUCTURE DETAILS

HEALTH CENTRES

NO. OF HEALTH CENTRES:

MAINTENANCE:LOCATION:

NO. OF DOCTORS:

NO. OF PEOPLE VISITING PER DAY:

IS THERE A MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL NEARBY?

HOW IS THE SERVICE PROVIDED?

SCHOOLS

NO. OF SCHOOLS MAINTENANCE:

TYPES OF SCHOOLS: PRIMARY SECONDARY

LOCATION:

NO. OF STUDENTS: NO. OF TEACHERS (STAFF):

DO THEY HAVE BASIC NECESSITIES?

SERVICE AREAS

IS WATER SUPPLY REGULAR?

WATER SUPPY: MUNCIPAL BOREWELL

ARE THERE ANY WATER TANKS NEARBY?

HOW IS THE SANITARY SYSTEM DONE?

IS IT MAINTAINED PROPERLY?WHERE & HOW ARE THE WASTES DISPOSED?

IS ELECTRIC POWER SUPPY REGULAR?

MAINTENANCE: SAFETY:

HOW IS THE WIRING DONE?

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS:

TELEPHONE BOOTHS:

OFFICE BUILDINGS:

ARE THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS WELL EQUIPPED?

ARE EASY & ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES USED?

IS THERE ANY AGRO BASED OFFICE:

ARE THERE BANKS TO PROVIDE LOANS FOR AGRICULTURE?

COMMERCIAL SPACES:

ARE THERE ANY SHOPS: HOW MANY:

ARE THERE ANY SUPER MARKETS:

LOCATION:

ARE THERE ANY BANKS:

ANY POST OFFICES: REGIONAL OFFICES:

IS THERE A GOVERNANCE OR PANCHAYAT OFFICE:NO. OF PEOPLE WORKING IN THESE OFFICES


23/23

OTHER COMMON AREAS

PLAYGROUNDS: LOCATION:

HOW MANY TEMPLES ARE THERE: LOCATION:

HOW OFTEN ARE THERE FESTIVALS CELEBRATIONS?NO. OF PEOPLE PARTICIPATING IN IT:

ARE THERE ANY COMMUNITY HALLS (FUNCTION HALLS)?

LOCATION: CAPACITY:

ARE THERE ANY OTHER COMMON WORK SPACES:

ARE THERE ANY SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES:

OF WHAT TYPE ARE THEY?

NO. OF PEOPLE WORKING IN IT: IS IT BENEFICIAL:

WHERE IS IT LOCATED?

HOW ARE THESE PLACES DEVELOPED?

WHEN WERE THESE DEVELOPED?PAST STATE OF THE VILLAGE:

PRESENT STATE OF THE VILLAGE:

WHAT ARE THE INFRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LAST FEW YEARS (5 YRS)?

ARE THE CHANGES FACILITATING & SATISFACTORY:

ARE THERE ANY FUTURE DEVELOPMENTAL PLANS:

Bid an Agere

Documents

Transcript of Bid an Agere