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237

Achebe, Chinua 46, 47, 48, 52Adhikari, Mohamed 206“Afrikander,” term of 162Albany Museum, Grahamstown 125,

126, 133, 139alienable/alienability/alienation 3,

5–6, 8, 12, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 76, 94, 107–9, 112, 150, 153, 186, 208, 221, 222

and realism 3, 4, 5, 23see also inalienability

allegory 195and de Man 195in The Story of an African

Farm 181–2, 194–6Anatsui, El 62, 63Aniakor, Chike C. 62–3Anthing, Louis 198Anthony, Loren 180, 184, 205Anthropological Institute 38, 39,

40, 203anthropology/anthropologists 2, 5,

7, 13, 16, 22, 33, 35, 49and facts 13, 15, 16, 33, 34, 40–4,

52, 75, 78–80, 105–6guides 15, 16, 38–44, 75, 105, 135professionalization of 16, 35–6,

39, 92and racial typecasting 76, 105–6and time 40, 42, 43, 75–6, 78–9,

106, 107Apartheid 19, 218Appadurai, Arjun 89archaeology/archaeologist 13, 14,

21, 141, 175, 198, 200, 217, 218, 220

authenticity/authentication 1, 3, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 34, 35, 40–4, 52–3, 200, 219, 220, 222

and autonomy 65, 105and Blyden 105, 112–14

and Conrad 60, 63–5and fetishism 44, 52–3and Kingsley 18, 77–9, 101, 102,

105, 114, 222in Story of an African Farm, The 21,

177, 205authority/authorization 2, 10, 11,

14–16, 18–20, 22, 23, 29, 31–5, 38–41, 44, 45, 60–5, 76, 97–9, 101, 102, 112, 124, 130, 156, 198, 207, 219

Baines, ThomasKaffers having made their fortunes

leaving the colony (1848) 147Bartels, Max 204Barthes, Roland 10, 43, 155Bastian, Adolf 31, 33, 35, 36, 41,

77, 80Bataille, Georges 147–8, 162Beche, Henry de la

Awful Changes 86, 86Beersheba commando scene 190, 199Benjamin, Walter 15, 53, 64Bhabha, Homi 1, 9–10, 15, 16, 29,

31, 32, 44, 45, 46, 75, 78–9, 99, 102, 106, 109, 110, 334

Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel 149, 199, 200–1, 202

Blyden, Edward Wilmot 17, 18, 74–6, 92, 104–14, 123, 124, 222

adoption of first- person plural 107and African laborers 108African Life and Customs 18, 104,

105, 107, 108–9African Society and Miss Mary

Kingsley, The 104, 105,and authenticity 105, 112–14and “black man’s burden” 18Black Spokesman 105, 106, 107,

111, 114

Index

Note: Page numbers in italics denote an illustration.

238 Index

Christianity, Islam, and the Negro Race 105, 111, 112

and facts 18, 104–5and fetishism 18, 75, 107, 112,

113and Kingsley 18, 103–8, 112, 113and Liberian project 112–13“The Liberian Scholar” 96, 104and race prejudice 74–7, 98, 105,

109, 110, 111–12reception of 113–14and time 105, 106–7“A Vindication of the African

Race” 105Boehmer, Elleke 11brass 16, 45, 48, 49–50, 51, 52, 59,

60, 223bricoleur 37Bristow, Joseph 181British Association for the

Advancement of Science (BAAS) 38, 39

British Museum 127Sainsbury African Galleries 62

Broca, Pierre Paul 105Brosses, Charles de 49Brown, Bill 6, 7, 11, 12, 83, 102,

192Buckland, Francis T. 86Bunyan, John 195Burdett, Carolyn 186, 194, 195Bushman Paintings 203Bushmen see SanBüttner, C. G. 204Buzard, James 132

Caledon Code (1809) 142Cape of Good Hope Association for

Exploring Central Africa 127Cape Monthly Magazine 199Cape Slave Code (1754) 144Cape Town

District Six Museum 217–18, 218, 223

capitalism/capitalist 4, 8, 9, 14, 19, 20, 22, 57, 92, 108, 109, 129, 144, 149, 150, 177, 186, 189, 193, 207, 221

Carey- Hobson, Mary Ann 19–20, 124–45, 166, 177, 221

At Home in the Transvaal 139–40The Farm in the Karoo see Farm in the

Karoo, The Carey- Hobson, William 142cassava 58charms 12, 13, 31, 45, 52, 54, 56,

59, 61, 88, 165Chrisman, Laura 177Ciolkowski, Laura 97Clifford, James 38–9, 52Clingman, Stephen 184cloth, European 12, 16, 45, 48, 50–2,

60–1African 50, 59

Coetzee, J. M. 141, 182, 183, 187, 205–6

Cole, Herbert M. 62–3colonial discourse 9–10, 15, 20, 38,

44, 45, 100colonial indigene 21, 178, 179, 180,

190, 207commodity/commoditization 2–4, 6,

8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 50, 53, 54, 92–4, 96, 103, 130, 139, 147, 166, 220, 222, 223

commodity fetishism 8–9, 16–17, 18, 56, 59, 89, 129

Conrad, Joseph 14, 45–61, 99, 123Heart of Darkness see Heart of

Darknessand authenticity 60, 63–5

Coombes, Annie 219Crais, Clifton 3, 130, 142, 143, 147,

149Crummell, Alexander 113curiosities/curiosity 1, 56, 74, 76, 81,

101, 102, 103, 114, 165, 178, 180, 203, 220

in The Farm in the Karoo 20, 125, 127, 130, 134–6, 138, 140, 141, 144, 145, 165, 208, 221

currency 2, 56,African forms of 3, 49, 50, 51, 60,

61, 62, 91

Darwin, Charles 40, 77, 192Davey, William John 108

Blyden, Edward Wilmot – continued

Index 239

Dawson, Thomas 198de Man, Paul 47, 132, 195Deacon, Janette 198Derrida, Jacques 37description, Lukács on 136–8diamonds 89, 123, 137, 138–9, 161,

186Dickens, Charles 193disavowal 12, 17, 21, 31, 32, 33, 38,

44, 45, 79, 178–9, 184, 221District Six Museum (Cape Town)

217–19, 218, 223double/doubling 10, 32, 100, 103,

124, 153, 155, 165, 221, 222and Writing European sculpture

29–30, 31Du Bois, W. E. B. 107, 113Durkheim, Emile 217

Eastern Cape 142economic imperialism

advocation of by Kingsley 91, 92, 93–5, 101, 103

in Heart of Darkness 61Ellis, Havelock 181, 182, 184Emerson, Ralph Waldo 183Enlightenment 7, 22, 81, 84Esty, Jed 181ethnography/ethnography 15–16,

18, 29–45, 49, 50, 52, 140, 220and Blyden 104–14and colonial realism 14, 17, 19,

31, 35, 45and field guides 15, 16, 38–44,

75, 105and Heart of Darkness 45–61and Kingsley 76–104and philology 31, 36–7positivist methods of 33, 42pursuit of authority 38–44and Writing European sculpture 16,

29–31, 30ethnological museum 6, 31, 36Ethnological Museum, Berlin 29–31,

62exchange/exchangeability 1, 2–4, 5–6,

7–8, 13, 17, 19, 49, 53–4, 57, 76–7, 90–2, 129, 130, 139, 146, 176

gift 148–51, 153

Fabian, Johannes 38, 39, 40, 42, 80, 88, 91–2, 107, 185, 187, 223

Fang 2, 38, 76, 91, 103, 112, 114Fanon, Frantz 18, 75, 107, 109–11,

112, 114Farm in the Karoo, The (Carey-

Hobson) 19–20, 123–6, 131–53, 220–1

and characterization 138and collection/collecting 124–6,

132–41, 144–5curiosities/curiosity in 20, 125,

127, 130, 134–6, 138, 140, 141, 144, 145, 165, 208, 221

horned viper in museum 124–5, 133

and practice of observation 123, 126, 132, 133, 135–7

and realism 124–5, 132–3, 146, 153

rock art in 138, 140, 220, 221specimens in 19–20, 125–7,

129–31, 133–6, 138–40, 145, 208

squatter in 141–2tensions between metonymy and

metaphor 20, 125, 131–2, 153farm novels 19, 124, 182Fernando Po 95, 97ferns, collection of 135, 138fetish/fetishism 7, 16, 17, 32, 34, 49,

81–2, 178and anthropological facts 15, 16,

34, 38, 44, 45, 59, 94and Bhabha 15, 34and Blyden 18, 75, 107, 112, 113commodity 8–9, 16–17, 18, 45, 56,

59, 129and Freud 178–9in Heart of Darkness 16, 45–6, 49,

54, 55–6, 59and Hegel 82history of term 53–4and hybridity 16, 34and Kingsley 17, 81, 82–3, 86, 87,

89, 90, 103, 222and Marx 56and quest for authenticity 44,

52–3

240 Index

and race 15, 75, 106–7, 109, 154

skin pigmentation as 106and Story of an African Farm,

The 21–2, 177, 178–80, 208field guides, see guidesFirst, Ruth 180Flint, John 94, 96, 97Folklore 15, 20, 146, 150–3, 199,

200, 201, 202Foucault, Michel 43Frank, Katherine 86Frazer, James George 40Freedgood, Elaine 7, 8, 12, 132Freshfield, Douglas W. 42, 77Freud, Sigmund 9–10, 30, 34, 55,

109, 178–9Fritsch, Gustave 203Fry, Roger 203

“Bushman’s Paintings” 203–4“Negro Sculpture” 203–4

Gaika, chief 130–1, 157Galton, Francis 40generosity

in The Farm in the Karoo 145–53

in Jan, an Afrikander 153, 154–8, 162, 221

and practices of exchange 148–51, 153

Geographical Society 38gift exchange systems 148–51Glanville, Ernest 123glass beads 1, 3, 16, 45, 48, 50, 51,

59, 60, 223GoGwilt, Christopher 100gold 56, 89, 103, 123Gordimer, Nadine

The Conservationist 165gothic 20, 192

in Howarth’s Karoo novels 153, 154, 155, 158, 159, 166, 221

Grey, Sir George 199Griqua 143grotesque 188, 191, 191–3

and Ruskin 188–9, 191, 193–4

in The Story of an African Farm 21–2, 177, 180, 182, 183, 188–9, 190–8, 207

guides, anthropology 15, 16, 38–40, 75, 105, 135

Haddon, Alfred Cort 43Haggard, Henry Rider 38, 123

She 5Hahn, Theophilus 203Hall, Martin 200Harms, Robert 50, 57, 61Harpham, Geoffrey Galt 191, 192Haynes, Roslynn D. 194Heart of Darkness (Conrad) 1–2, 14,

16–17, 31, 37, 45–61, 63, 83, 87–8, 94, 98–100, 220, 223

African woman, portrayal of 45, 47, 48, 59–60

cassava in 58charms in 45, 57–8economic imperialism in 61ethnography in 45–61fetish/fetishism in 16, 45–6, 49,

54, 55–6, 59flow of import and export objects in

16–17, 45–6, 48–52, 59–60, 208ornamentation in 16, 59–60tension between metonymy and

metaphor in 17, 35, 46–7, 88, 99and thread of white worsted 1–2,

7, 12, 16, 31–2, 45, 46, 47uncanny in 46, 55and second person narrative 88writing Europeans in 16, 54–5

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm FriedrichThe Philosophy of History 82

Heinrich, Wilhelm“Hottentot Fables and Tales” 149

Hemphill, J. C. 113Herder, Johann Gottfried 37Hints to Travellers 42–3, 77, 80Hollingshead, John 55Hooker, Joseph Dalton 135Hottentot, see KhoekhoeHottentot Laws 206Howarth, Anna 19–20, 152–66, 177,

221

fetish/fetishism – continued

Index 241

Jan, an Afrikander see Jan, an Afrikander

Katrina, a Tale of the Karoo 19, 20, 124, 153, 162–6, 208, 221–2

Hübner, Adolf 203, 204Hut Tax War (1898) 17, 91, 108Hutchinson, Mark 203Huxley, Thomas Henry 87hybrid/hybridity 1, 6, 10, 16, 18, 20,

29, 32–3, 78–9, 102and European ethnographer 16and fetish 34

Igalwa 95inalienability 5–6, 12, 22, 153, 208

and San 21, 175, 176, 180, 221International Exhibition (London)

(1862) 19, 133–4South African Court at 133–4

ivory/ivory trade 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 55, 57, 58, 59, 89, 90, 95

Jakobson, Roman 132Jameson, Fredric 4, 5, 13Jan, an Afrikander (Howarth) 2, 13,

19, 20, 123–4, 153–62, 221exchange practices 153, 154–8, 162and gothic 154, 155, 158, 159photograph in 155–8, 221and realism 124, 153, 154, 159reckless generosity 153, 154, 158,

162sacrifice 154, 158, 159, 160, 162uncanny in 20, 153, 155, 165

Joest, Wilhelm 1, 2, 3, 6, 14, 52–3, 123, 208

Johnston, Harry (H. H.) 42, 43, 61, 79Jonker, Platje 143

Kant, Immanuel 49Kat River Settlement 142, 145, 147, 148Katrina, a Tale of the Karoo, see

HowarthKayser, Wolfgang 191, 194Khoekhoe 141, 142, 143, 145–6,

147, 148, 152, 206Khoisan, see Khoekhoe or SanKing William’s Town 1, 3

Kingsley, Mary 12, 13–14, 17–18, 38, 39, 49, 58, 74, 75–104, 123, 124, 134, 208, 222–3

and African adoption of European goods 18, 95–8, 102–3

and African coastal “middlemen” 19, 95–7

and African values 90–2, 94and authenticity 18, 77–79, 101,

102, 105, 114, 222and Blyden 18, 103–8, 112, 113criticism of 113and economic imperialism 91, 92,

93–5, 101, 103and facts 13, 18, 78–80, 87, 104–5and the Fang 2, 38, 76, 91, 103,

112, 114fetishism and object relations 17,

76–7, 81, 82–4, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 222

humour of 86, 113and Hut Tax War (1898) 17, 91,

108and irony 85–6, 88and ivory trade 89and land laws, indigenous 108letter to Liberia 103–4, 113and ornamentation 101–2and photography 18, 79–80, 101, 102and Prince Makaga 97–8, 102, 103and second- person narrative 88–9,

107Travels in West Africa 2, 17, 45,

75–81, 83–92, 94–8, 100–3, 223and the uncanny 17, 84–5, 86, 89,

101, 103vision of future African

trader 102–3 visual- spatial methods 18, 91–2West African Studies 2, 17, 18, 79,

81, 90–1, 93Klein, Herbert S. 50Kopytoff, Igor 2, 5–6, 15, 50Korana War (1868–9) 198, 199Kreilkamp, Ivan 47, 48

Lacan, Jacques 111Landau, Paul S. 204

242 Index

languageanalogy between artefacts and 36–7

Layard, Edgar 127Leopold II, King of Belgium 50, 61Lessing, Doris 180–1Lé vi- Strauss, Claude 37Lewis, Samuel 112 Lewis- Williams, David 201, 202Liberia 17, 95–6, 111, 112–13

Kingsley’s letter to 103–4, 113Liberia College 104Livingston, Thomas W. 112Lloyd, Lucy 200, 201, 203Locke, John 22Lubbock, John 40, 77Lukács, Georg 4, 7–8, 9, 47, 136–7Lyell, Charles

Principles of Geology 185

Makaga, Prince 97–8, 102, 103, 104Makay, W. M. 206Man’s Cloth 62, 63, 64market capitalism 8–9, 146

relation to realism 4–5shaping of late Victorian novel

8–9Marx, Karl 8, 56, 89, 93Masters and Servants Act (1856) 142,

144, 146Mavungu 77, 78Metaphor 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 34, 99,

124, 128, 129, 130and metonymy in Heart of

Darkness 17, 35, 46–7, 88, 99and metonymy in The Farm in the

Karoo 20, 125, 131–2, 153metonymy 12, 20, 22, 34, 48, 51,

130, 131, 141, 144, 220and metaphor see metaphor

Mfengu 143Michaels, Walter Benn 5mimesis 4, 47, 99, 222Müller, Friedrich Max 36

Naipaul, V. S. 98, 99, 100, 102Native Races of South Africa, The 175,

201naturalism 8, 47, 132, 183, 192New Africa, The 103

Nietzsche, Friedrich 48Niger Oil Company 96Nnoromele, Salome 98Nomvuyo’s Room 218Notes and Queries on Anthropology

39–44, 105–6

Olivier, Sydney 108–9Omasiza mbulala (Xhosa

proverb) 157opacity 7, 9, 10–11, 12, 13, 16, 21,

46, 102, 223Ordinance 50 (1828) 142, 143originality, concerns for 1, 41ornamentation 31, 42, 52, 53, 61,

101–2, 175, 223Orpen, Joseph Millerd 199–200, 202Ouzman, Sven 175

palm oil 103Parry, Benita 17Peires, Jeffrey Brian 3, 148–9, 152Petrie, William Flinders 40philology 31, 36photography/photographs 42–3

and Jan, an Afrikander 155–8, 221and Kingsley 18, 79–80, 101, 102negative 9–11, 12

Pietz, William 7, 49, 53, 54, 56, 81, 84

Pitt Rivers, Lieutenant General (Augustus Henry Lane Fox) 35, 36, 37, 39–40, 41, 42

Pratt, Mary Louise 85Price, Sally

Primitive Art in Civilized Places 62

Quinn, John 64

race 10, 20, 36, 39–41, 93, 94, 104, 106, 111, 112, 114, 115, 145, 156–7, 159, 207, 221

racial discrimination 18, 76, 105–6, 109, 143, 157, 158, 161–2, 219

Read, Charles Hercules 43realism 7, 11–13, 15, 19, 20, 23, 43,

114, 124, 163, 166, 208, 217, 219, 220, 223

and alienability 3, 4, 5

Index 243

comparisons between colonial discourse and 9–10, 16, 45, 100

and ethnography 14, 17, 31, 35in The Farm in the Karoo 124,

132–3, 146, 153in Heart of Darkness 46, 47in Jan, an Afrikander 124, 153, 154,

159and market capitalism 4–5, 8, 9,

146, 153and mimesis 4, 222in Story of an African Farm, The

182, 191–4, 196reality effect 8, 9, 13, 60, 125repression 11, 12, 184Rivers, William Halse Rivers 43–4Robben Island 144rock art 20–1, 175–6, 176, 179, 190,

198, 199appreciation of as fine art 203in The Farm in the Karoo 138, 140,

220, 221as form of resistance 202and Fry 203–4history of interpretation of 20–1,

175, 199–204and inalienability 12, 175as sites of passage between material

and spiritual world 21, 201–2in The Story of an African Farm

20–1, 176–80, 186–9, 207, 208, 221

Rod’s Room (District Six Museum) (Cape Town) 217–19, 218

romance, contrasting of with realism 4–5

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 36–7Royal African Society 74Ruskin, John

and grotesque 188–9, 191, 193–4, 196

The Stones of Venice 188

Said, Edward 7, 87salt 103San (Bushmen) 21, 140, 148, 175,

198, 198–205and acculturation 204–5, 206connection to ancestors 176

and Hottentot Laws 206relation to land 175–6relations with Europeans 177–8,

198–9, 206and rock paintings see rock artin The Story of an African

Farm 177–8, 183, 184, 186–8, 204–7

“vanishing” of 204, 206Sanders, Mark 181, 195Sarbah, John Mensah 91Sauls, Roderick 217–18Saussure, Ferdinand de 4Schreiner, Olive 12, 14, 19, 132, 153,

175, 176–200, 204–8 anti- colonial sentiments 177, 180empathy with the San 177letter to Havelock Ellis 181, 184resistance to colonial romances 191and Spencer’s First Principles 184–5Story of an African Farm see Story of

an African Farm, TheThoughts on South Africa 189, 207Trooper Peter Halket of

Mashonaland 206Scott, Ann 180Semper, Gottfried 41shamans 201–2Shelley, Percy Bysshe 181Showalter, Elaine 180Sierra Leone 17, 94–5, 97, 112

Hut Tax War (1898) 9, 17, 108Sierra Leone Weekly News 107signification 16, 18, 33, 75–6, 106slave trade/slavery 22, 50–1, 57, 58,

90, 112, 114, 189, 219abolition of (1806) 142

Somerset, Charles 157Somerville, Mary 184South African Museum (SAM)

126–31, 128, 139display of Xhosa man’s skull

130–1specimens 13, 33, 200, 201

see Farm in the Karoo, TheSpecimens of Bushman Folk-lore 200,

201Spencer, Herbert

First Principles 184–5

244 Index

squatters 141–2, 147, 164Stanley, Henry Morton 50stereotype 33, 40, 44, 106, 108–11,

154, 158Stevenson, Michael 3Stewart, Susan 129, 131, 191Stocking, George W. 38Story of an African Farm, The

(Schreiner) 20–2, 166, 176–208, 220–1

and allegory 181–2, 194–6 anti- colonialism in 180, 182and authenticity 21, 177, 205childhood perception in 181colonial indigene in 21, 178, 179,

180, 190, 207and fetishism 21–2, 177, 178–80,

208and grotesque, the 21–2, 177, 180,

182, 183, 188–9, 190–8, 207and inalienability 12land/landscape in 177, 170, 180,

182, 183–7, 190mistrust of words 196–7and observation 182, 196–7, 220realism 182, 191–4, 196rock paintings in 20–1, 176–80,

186–9, 207, 208, 221San in 177–8, 183, 184, 186–8,

204–7Waldo Farber character 21, 177,

179–89, 204, 205, 221“Story of Hlakanyana, The” 151–2Stow, George William 175, 202, 203

The Native Races of South Africa 175, 201

Suleri, Sara 100Summers, R. F. H. 128synecdoche 39, 46, 47, 195, 196Szalay, Miklós 206

Theal, George McCall 151, 157Theopolis London Missionary

Society 143Thompson, George 133

Travels and Adventures in Southern Africa 145

Tocqueville, Alexis de 180Tongue, Helen 203

Torgovnick, Marianna 47, 59totality 4, 5, 9, 13, 132, 137, 166transparency 4, 6, 9–10, 12, 13, 15,

16, 18, 21, 30, 31, 43, 46, 52, 60, 102, 106, 124, 221, 223

Travels in West Africa, see KingsleyTylor, Edward Burnett 40, 41, 49, 77,

80, 81, 203Primitive Culture 55–6

Uithaalder, Willem 143uncanny 9, 10, 11, 12, 34, 55, 131

in Heart of Darkness 46, 55and Howarth 2, 20, 153, 165,

166in Jan, an Afrikander 20, 153, 155,

165and Kingsley 17, 84–5, 86, 89,

101, 103and Story of an African Farm,

The 21, 204“Unreasonable Child to Whom the

Dog Gave its Deserts, The” 149–51

vagrancy 142–3Vagrancy Act (1879) 143Vagrancy Ordinance 142, 143value 3, 5–7, 9, 13, 18–20, 21, 35,

49, 53, 61, 91, 92, 103, 140, 154, 188

exchange 4, 5, 8, 50, 51, 56, 57, 60, 90, 92, 138

use 6, 8, 51, 52, 54, 57Victoria and Albert Museum 19, 136von Luschan, Felix 53

Wagner, Roy 140Waitz, Theodore 77Washington, Booker T. 113Watt, Ian 48wealth

connection with death 57Weiner, Annette 5West African Studies, see KingsleyWilliams, George Washington 50Williams, Raymond 178, 193Wise, T. J. 64Woodburn, James 150

Index 245

Writing European (Yoruban sculpture) 16, 29–31, 30, 33–5

Xhosa 1, 2, 3, 6, 129, 130–1, 146, 148

exchange practices 148, 149, 151–2

in Farm in the Karoo, The 144, 146, 147

and Hlakanyana folklore 151–2in Jan an Afrikander 154–62, 221in Katrina, a Tale of the Karoo

163–4, 165, 166, 208

trade with Europeans 3, 152and Vagrancy Ordinances

142–3Xhosa war (1851–3) 130, 131

(1877–9) 3

Yoruban sculpture, see Writing European

Young, Robert J. C. 39

Zola, Émile 132Zulu 38, 134Zwarts, Abraham 145