Bibliography on normal nutrition

ABSTRACTS 665

Abstracts BIBLIOGRAPHY ON NORMAL

NUTRITION Arranged by The American Die-

tetic Association, C o m m u n i t y Edu- cation Section, 1938-39.

The purpose of this compilation is to meet the needs of members of the medical and dental professions, students and internes, who wish to know of books on nutr i t ion so that they may keep abreast in this rapidly developing field. Some books have been included, of a more "readable" type, which may be recommended to the intelligent layman.

REFERENCE AND TEXT BOOKS ON NUTRITION

1. A Series of Articles on the Present Status of Our Knowledge of the Vitamins. Price $2.50, pp. 580. Chicago: American Medical Associ- ation, 535 N. Dearborn St., 1939.

The articles in this series were prepared under the a u s p i c e s of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry and the Council on Foods.

2. Nutri t ion and Public Health by Et. Burner and W. R. Aykroyd (re- pr int No. 2 from Quarterly Bulletin of the Health Organization, League of Nations) June, 1935. Price $0.50, pp. 152. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

This report is addressed primarily to public health authorities. The data selected show the remarkable world- wide advances of the science of nu-. tr i t ion and its present p r o b l e m s After introductory chapters on the problems which confront dietitians today and the fixing of dietary standards, the editors consider the world's food supply, its production, distribu.- tion and preservation, the influence of poverty and unemployment on diet, infant and child nutrition, the food deficiency diseases and have added an interesting study on collective feeding.

3. Nutrit ion of the In fan t and Child. By Julian D. Boyd, B.S., M.S., M.D., Asso. Prof. of Pediatrics, State Universi ty of Iowa. Edited by Morris Fishbein, M.D. Price $3.00, pp. 198, with 40 i l l u s t r a t i o n s . New York: National Medical Book Co., Inc., 1937.

This monograph is a summary of nutr i t ion in pediatrics. It is written from a critical viewpoint. The contents are divided into sections on the principles of nutrit ion, foods for the normal infant and child, and nutr i t ion during illness. In a few pages at the end, practical diet lists and scheduIes are provided for normal infant feeding and for therapeutic dietetics.

4. N u t r i t i o n . By M a r g a r e t S. Chancy, Ph.D. Prof. of Home Eco- nomics, Connec. College, and Marg- aret Ahlborn, M.S., Prof. of Nu- trition, Kansas State College. Price

Just as the x-ray and the gastroscope have facilitated the correct diagnosis of peptic ulcer, so the new non-alkaline therapy offers greater success in its management. CREAMALIN, a distinctive form of ampho- teric colloidal aluminum hydroxide, dem- onstrates this modern treatment at i ts best.

Profound Prolonged Antacid Action. CREAMA- LIN possesses remarkable acid-fixing power--l~ times its volume of N/IO HCI in less than 30 minutes (Toepfer's re- agent). Furthermore, this action is sustained.

Astringent, Demulcent, Adsorbent. C R E A M A L I N

has a favorable astringent action on con-

gested mucosa. Its gelatinous consistency coats the affected tissue with a pro- ~ tective film which allays irritation from HCI. I t exerts adsorptive action on toxins, gases and bacteria.

Rapm ttealine. By drip method, healing is frequently shown in 7 to 10 days. By divided oral doses, 3 to 6 weeks.

Prompt Pain Control. CREAMALIN generally offers immediate and continuous relief from pain and distress.

Cannot Cause Alkalosis. Unlike the alkalies CREAMALIN does not disturb the acid- base balance or provoke a secondary acid rise. No alkalosis, no changes in plasma pH.

REG.U.S. PAT. OFF.

L I Q U I D 8 .... 12 .... T A B L E T S bogles of 16 oz. boMles 50 & 200

The Modern Non-Alkaline Therapy for Peptic Ulcer, Chronic 6astritis, 6astric |lyperacidi~

666 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES

$3.00, pp. 436. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1939.

A text book for college students in nutrition.

5. Nutri t ion in Health and Dis- ease. By Lenna F. Cooper, Edith M. Barber and Helen S. Mitchell, Ph.D. Price $3.00, pp. 708. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1938.

A text and reference for physicians, students of nutr i t ion and dietitians who teach nurses. The book is in sever~ parts, (1) normal nutrit ion, (2) diet in disease, (3) feeding of mother and child, (4) nutr i t ion and the public health program, (5 and 6) food selection and cookery for normal

and for sick and convalescent and (7) an appendix.

6. The Avitaminoses. By Walter H. Eddy, Ph.D. and Gilbert Dalldorf, M.D. Price $4.50, pp. 338. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1937.

This book is the result of eight years of collaboration between Pro- fessor Eddy, a biochemist engaged in nutri t ion research and Dr. Dalldorf, a p h y s i c i a n and pathologist. The purpose of the book is to call atten- tion to pathological r e sponses - - sub- clinical and a c u t e - - t o vitamin de- ficiencies in the diets of human beings as well as of experimental animals.

7. Vitamins in Theory and Prac-

. . for Gas t ro- ln tes t ina l Dysfunct ion

noL . , tl Rl , .R IJ05

"-'O j g lytCtJxt" "

,oIJG IXG'

Contains

ENTIRE NATURAL VITAMIN B COMPLEX

LESS EXPENSIVE

~'TAB LESPOON

Z Y M E N O L contains the EN- T I R E B R E W E R S Y E A S T CULTURE in its natura l aque- ous state (cells inactivated) in a stable, palatable mineral oil emulsion carrier.

*Provides the proven t h e r a p y . . . t he c o m p l e t e n a t u r a l Vitamin B Complex including all enzymes and contains beneficial factors natural ly present in such a culture. I t is the presence of A L L F A C T O R S that is the proven therapy for gastro-intestinal dysfunction.

Convince yourse l] - -Wri te /or samples.

OTIS E. GLIDDEN & CO., EVANSTON,, ILLINOIS

INC. AJDD-11-39

tice. By Leslie J. Harris, Sc.D., D.Sc., Nutri t ion laboratory, Univ. of Cam- bridge and Medical Research Council. Price $4.00, pp. 240. New York: The MacmilIan Co., 1937.

Dr. Harris explains in entertaining and simple fashion how the various vitamins were discovered, and how they work in the human system.

8. Vitamins and Vitamin Deficien- cies. I. Introduction and Historical, Vitamin B1 and Beri-beri. By Leslie J. Harris. Vol. 1, pp. 218. London: J. and A. Churchill, 1938.

This volume, which has a foreword by F. G. Hopkins, is the first of a series planned to provide a compre- hensive synopsis of the results of modern research on each of the known vitamins.

9. B i o c h e m i s t r y f o r Medica l , Dental and College S t u d e n t s . By Benjamin Harrow, College of City of New York. Price $3.75, pp. 385. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1938.

The latest developments in the field of animal biochemistry are contained in this text book. One of the 24 chapters is devoted to a discussion of the biochemical aspects of the nervous system and another to the hormones in connection with the glands which manufacture them. The appendix contains tabular data on the nutri t ive value of foods.

10. The Newer Knowledge of Nu- trition. By E. V. McCollum, Ph.D., Sc.D., Prof. of Biochemistry: Elsa Orent-Keiles, Sc.D., Associate in Bio- chemistry; and Harry G. Day. Sc.D., Associate in Biochemistry; School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns H o p k i n s University. Fif th edition. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1939.

A standard reference book for ~hv- sicians, dietitians and students. The cha~ters on dietary habits of man in different parts of the worId and on deficiency diseases are of particular interest to public health workers.

11. The Foundations of Nutritio~. By Mary Swartz Rose, Ph.D., Prof. of Nutrition, Teachers College. Co- lumbia U n i v e r s i t y . Third edition. Price $3.50, pp. 625. New York: Mac- millan Co., 1938.

This text on nutr i t ion is "a gold mine of information . . . one of the best and simplest expositions in the English language."

12. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) and Its Use in Medicine. By Robert R. Wil- liams, Sc.D., Bell Telephone Labora- tories, and Tom D. Spies, M.D., associate professor of medicine, Univ. of Cincinnati. Price $5.00, pp. 411. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1938.

Dr. W i l l i a m s probably has done more than any other person in in- vestigating the properties of Vitamin B~ and was awarded the Willard Gibbs Medal of the American Chem- ical Society. Methods of application of these research findings to actual


clinical practice make the book in- valuable alike to the physician, the biologist and the student of nutri t ion.

MORE READABLE- LESS TECHNICALLY WRITTEN BOOKS

1. The Normal Diet. Council on Foods, American Medical Association. Free, pp. 16. Chicago:: American Medical Association, 1938.

2. Your Diet and Your Health. By Morris Fishbein, M.D., Editor, Journal of the American Medical Association. Price $2.50, pp. 298. New York: Mc- Graw Hill Book Co., 1937.

In a simple language, interest ingly

written, are given the most general ly recognized and accepted t ruths about diet.

3. Man/t~read and Destiny. By C. C. Furnas , Asso. Prof. of Chemical Engineering, Yale Universi ty, and S. M. Furnas , formerly instructor in Nutri t ion, Univ. of Minnesota. Price $5.00, pp. 364. Balt imore: Will iams & Wilkins Co., 1937.

"In the l ight of the knowledge which we now have on the influence of food on physical and mental fitness, the authors review the course of civilization and show how changes in

food supply have been responsible for the waxing and waning of races and nations. This book does not br ing to l ight any facts new to those who have thoroughly studied the subject; i t is a book for the intel l igent layman ra ther than the student. The authors write from a wide knowledge and with a sense of humor which makes the book easy and interest ing to read." J. B. Orr.

4. Have You Had Your Vitamins? By H a r r y N. Holmes, Ph.D. Sever- ance Chemical Lab., Oberlin College. Price $1.00, pp. 60. New York: F a r r e r & Rinehart , 1938.

" I t is significant tha t Dr. Holmes, a leader in pure science, who has him- self recently made the significant con- tr ibution of securing Vitamin A in crystal l ine condition, has in this lit t le volume endeavored to summarize and briefly in te rpre t for the layman the pract ical aspects o f o u r v i t a m i n knowledge. An excellent balance has been maintained between the interesting h i s t o r i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t s , o u r present knowledge, and the practical aspects of vi tamin administrat ion." Ind. and Eng. Chem.

5. Food, Nutr i t ion and Health. By E. V. McCollum, Ph.D., Prof. of Bio- chemistry, and J. Ernest ine Becker, M.A. (t i t le) School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Univ., 4th edition, revised. Price $1.50, pp. 154. Balt imore: Published by the authors, 1937.

A guide for the application of the science of nutr i t ion to the health of the individual. The subject mat te r is presented in non-technical style, un- derstandable to the intel l igent reader.

6. Facts , Fads and Frauds in Nu- trition. By Helen S. Mitchell, Ph.D. and Gladys M. Cook, Mass. State College. Price, free, pp. 32. Amherst , Mass.: Mass. Agric. Expt. Station.

This bulletin has been wri t ten for a nutrition-conscious public which has a limited basis for evaluat ing the merits of claims made in advert is ing and by the proponents of fads.

7. The Deuce of Reducing. By Kather ine Mitchell, Dieti t ian, Los An- geles County General Hospital. Price $1.50, pp. 112. New York: Covici Friede, Publishers, 1937.

This book will be read easily because of its wi t ty style, agile and spicy, but keyed to the times. A helpful introduction by Dr. Morris Fish- bein s u p p l e m e n t s Miss Mitchell 's warning of the dangers of radical reducing without medical supervision.

8. The Normal Diet and Healthful Living. By W. D. Sansum, M.D., Chief of Staff of Sansum Clinic and Director of Metabolic Research Dept., Cottage Hospital , S a n t a B a r b a r a , Calif.: R. A. Hare, M.D., Sansum Clinic and Ruth Bowden, B.S., Die- t i t ian Sansum Clinic. Pr ice $2.00, pp.


245. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1938.

A concise summary of the type of instructions the authors have been giving their patients for a number of years and which they say "has re- sulted in godd both to patients and authors."

9. Vitamin Chart. Nutri t ion Serv- ice, Division of Maternity, Infancy and Child Hygiene, New York State Department of Health, Albany, N. Y. Single copies are free. 1 sheet 81/b " x 11".

10. The A B C of the Vitamins: A Survey in Charts. By Jennie Gre- gory. Price $3.00, pp. 93. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1988.

The story of the vitamins presented by means of charts and graphs in a 9 x 12 inch volume.

RECENTLY PUBLISHED REVIEW

ARTICLES

1. Nutri t ion and the Health of the School Child. Mary S w a r t z Rose, Ph.D., Teachers College, Columbia Univ., Jour. Amer. Dietetic Asso., 15, 63, Feb., 1939.

2. Present Status of Dental Caries in Relation to Nutrition. Nina Sim- monds, Sc.D., Univ. of California College of Dentistry. Amer. Jour. Public Health, 28, 1381, Dec., 1938.

3. The Relation of Nutrit ion to the Development of Sound Teeth. E. N. Todhunter, Ph.D., Asso. Prof. of

A Combined Effect '~The sa]icylates--are useful for their analgesic properties. I f used,

�9 1 , 7 they may be combined with the iodides in one mixture. r acute cases (arthritis) with pain and swelling, salicylates and

iodides were used2. ' '

Improved Tolerance New and Non-Official Remedies 3 confirms the value of associated

alkali therapy as follows: '~In practice these compounds (of salicylic acid) are not superior to sodium salicylate, which does not produce direct gastric irritation when properly guarded by a bicarbonate."

Satici-Vess is issued in bottles of 30 tablets.

Other Seasonable Formulae ASPIR-VESS ALKA-VESS

(aspirin protected by alkali buff- (highly effective, safe, buffered ers). Bottles of 25 tablets, alkalization). Bottles of 25 tablets.

1. Copeman, W.S.C.: The Medical Standard, "Some Principles in the Modern Treatment , f Rheumatic Diseases," p. l~t, May, 1930. 2. Illinois Medical Journal, September, 1930, p. @~4. 3. New and Non-Official Remedies, pub. by Amer. Med. Assoc., p. 370, 193S.

Write for samples ~ d literature

Nutrition, State College of Washing- ton. Jour. of Home Econ., 30, 93, Feb., 1938.

4. The More A b u n d a n t D i e t . James S. McLester, M.D., The Univ. of Alabama. Jour. Amer. Dietetic Asso., 14, 1, Jan., 1938.

5. Recent Advances in Nutri t ional Research. E. V. McCollum, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins Univ. Sour. Amer. Dietetic Asso., 14, 8, Jan., 1938.

6. Nutri t ional Deficiency. George E. Minor, M.D., Harvard Univ. Med. School. Annals of Internal Medicine, 12, 429, Oct., 1938.

7. Diseases of Metabolism and Nu- trition. Review of Recent Contriba- tions. Dwight L. Wilbur, M.D., Univ. of Calif. Published each year in March issue Archives of Internal Medicine.

SHORT-WAVE ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION

Germ-killing radiation from short- wave ultra-violet tubes is the dairy industry 's l a t e s t a n s w e r t o t h e problem of sani tary control of milk- bottling and distribution.

C o n s t i t u t i n g t he first practical large-scale apolication to inorganic materials of G e n e r a l Electric's recently-introduced germicidal l a m p s , the new sanitary control method was demonstrated here this afternoon to state health officials and dairy indus- t ry leaders by R. J. Alden, Sanitation Engineer of the Cowdrey Products Comvany, m a n u f a c t u r e r s of m i l k bottle hood-caps and machinery for the dairy industry.

Employing twenty-one of the new germicidal lamps, the installation con- tinuously irradiates the h o o d - c a p s from the moment the paper is un- rolled until the finish of the manu- factnr ing process, when the hood-caps are inserted into sealed containers.

Rigid tests of the new method, conducted during the last three months under the supervision of John B. En- right, milk Bacteriologist of the City of Fitchburg, show that it reduces the bacteria-colony count on the hood- caps applied to the pouring-lips of milk bott les--a major focal point of i n f e c t i o n - - f r o m the commonly accepted limit of 500 bacteria-colonies to an average of less than ten.

I t was revealed by Mr. Alden that the new germicidal irradiation process was recently described to Lester T. Tompkins, Director of the Division of Dairying and Secretary of the Milk Regulation Board of the Common- wealth of M a s s a c h u s e t t s , in t he presence of Governor Leverett Salton- stall and William Casey, State Com- missione~ o f Agriculture, who has jurisdiction over all regulations per- ta ining to the production and distr ibution of milk. In a releasable written communication to the Cowdrey company, following the meeting, Mr.


Tompkins characterized the development as "a step in the r ight direction to assure the consumer of the proper protection of the milk placed on the door step, designed, as it is, fur ther to protect the milk quality we have striven so hard to enhance on our farms and in our handling plants."

Referr ing to the tests made under Enright ' s personal supervision, Mr. A l d e n s h o w e d a r e c e n t report rendered by the Milk Bacteriologist, which claims that the process "is practical, and the new method is about 17 times more efficacious than previous rigid methods of sanitation and bacteriological c o n t r o l in the

manufacturing of paper products for the dairy industry."

"Today, through the excellent control of sanitation by health depart- ments throughout the country," said Mr. Alden, "there is little need for worry on the par t of the public as to the sanitary condition of milk as placed in the usual glass bottle upon the door-steps of more than twenty million homes each morning. How- ever, there has remained one focal point of i n f e c t i o n - - o n e point that may contaminate the milk and offset the beneficial effects of Pasteurization, thereby nullifying careful and expensive sterilization work of dairy equip- ment. This focal point is the 'pouring-

l i p ' - - t h a t portion at the top of the bottle that comes into contact with the milk as it is poured from the bottle into the drinking glass or other container."

There are three common forms of contamination of the top or pouring- lip of the bottle, Mr. Alden pointed out. The first of these is the usual handling of the bottle as it is picked up by the delivery man, the grocer, or the customer who uses the bottle. The human hand which is generally exposed to harmful bacteria can thus

�9 plant infection on an area that is "washed" by milk pouring over it. Second, bottles that do not have protective hoods are exposed to dust and dirt and various forms of "areoform" bacteria. Third, bottles that are left exposed to the elements are also sus- ceptible to various other forms cf contamination.

To offest these last sources of contamination, Mr. Alden disclosed, many progressive dairies use hood-caps on top of the conventional flat or plug caps to protect the "pouring-lip" of the bottle. However, sterilization of the hood-caps themselves has been re- garded as essential to complete sterilization, since they come into contact with the sterile bottle af ter i t has been filled at the dairy. Until recently, he pointed out, such fur ther t reatment was impracticable, since the applied-moisture, immersion, or gase- ous types of sterilization are not readily applicable to paper products. The new germicidal-lamp process, on the other hand, is simple and practical, and now has proved successful in eradicating this last-remaining focal point of infection, Mr. Alden said.

C. Francis Cowdrey, president of the Cowdrey Products Company, in commenting on the new development, recalled the efforts of the dairy indus- t ry to establish new standards of sanitary protection. "The dairy indus- t ry ," he said, "has come a long way from the time when milk distribution was effected by the process of ladling it out of cans into open pans placed on the doorstep by the housewife. More and more str ingent have become the sanitary practices adopted to insure not only that the milk shall be received in sanitary condition, but that its sanitation shall be controlled r ight up to the point of final con- sumption. The use of a hood-cap, which seals the top of the bottle and completely covers and protects the point of greatest possible contamination - - namely, the pouring-lip - - is one of the latest and among the most important steps taken in the direction of sanitary packaging of the product itself.

"In our hood-cap plant, we have always maintained the most rigid sanitary control to insure the production of as clean a product as possible. In pioneering the actual


sterilization of our product, not only in every phase of its manufacture, but even up to the time when it is sealed in the delivery carton, we have gone a step further. The individual dairy companies are doing a great deal to insure a sterile product for their customers. We, on our part, be- lieve that we have anticipated the re- sponsibility of the bottle-cap manu- facturer, in seeing that the product provided for the dairy companies is as clean and sterile as modern science can make it. We are happy indeed to make this contribution to the industry we serve, as well as to the public served by that industry."

The new G-E germicidal lamps employed in the Cowdrey installation emit a wealth of ultra-violet in the 2537 angstrom-unit wave band of the spectrum, which is known to be most effective in destroying bacteria. This shgrt-wave radiation differs greatly ~rom that provided by Type-S sun- lamps and by the sun itself at earth levels. (Radiation from good sun- lamps and from the summer sun is rich in those longer ultra-violet rays, in the 2800 to 3200 angstrom-unit wave band of the spectrum, which makes for Vitamin D in humans). The lamps consume 15 watts of elec- t~'icity each, and are approximately

18 inches in length by 1 ~ inches in diameter. Each requires a special auxiliary, or "choke." In the Cowdrey plant, they are so mounted as to ir- radiate directly not only the paper hood-caps, but the air surrounding the machinery, during the process of manufacture.

AMERICAN D I E T E T I C HEAD Miss Mary I. Barber, Home Eco-

nomics Director of the Kellogg Com- Fany of Battle Creek, has been named president-elect of the American Die- tetic Association. This organization, now 22 years old, numbers more than 4,000 women, most of whom are hospital dietitians, although a few hold teaching, government and busi- ness positions.

Miss Barber is one of the foremost dietitians in the United States. Her work with Kellogg includes not only supervision of the famous Kellogg kitchen, but brings her in contact with colleges and universities, state extension groups and various cooking schools throughout the country. Formerly she was teacher of foods and cookery at Teachers College, Co- lumbia University. She is also a well known lecturer and writer on food and dietetic subjects.

Members of the American Dietetic Association must be home economics graduates from approved schools and universities, with an additional year of hospital interneship. Recently meeting in Los Angeles, the Association also named the following officers: Mrs. Beulah Becker Marble, Hunt- ington M e m o r i a l Hospital, Boston, president; Miss Katherine B r o w n , M o o r e - W h i t e Clinic, Los Angeles, vice-president; Miss Margaret Cow- den, Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, treasurer.

N E W S ITEM The result of the balloting for

officers and committeemen of the United States contingent of the Inter- national Society of Gastro-Enterology is as follows: Number of ballots received was 92. Eighty-three different members received votes for the different offices. Only those receiving the largest number of votes are scheduled. The one receiving the second largest number of votes for each of the positions may be considered as the Alternate for the position and is ex- pected to act in the position if the one elected is not present at the Con- ~ress. The ballots counted were only those that were filled in. The blanks of the part ial ly filled in, blanks for Dr. Bassler to fill in (which was not done and therefore was not counted) were 13.

Hon. President: Dr. Max Einhorn, 77; Dr. Anthony Bassler, 1; Dr. Ar thur Chace, 1; Dr. Andrew C. Ivy, 1.


President: Dr. Anthony Bassler, 67; Dr. A. F. Andresen, 6; Dr. M. Einhorn, 3; Dr. B. B. V. Lyon, 3.

1st Vice-President: Dr. Geo. Euster- man, 27; Dr. B. B. V. Lyon, 5; Dr. J. Friedenwald, 4; Dr. M. Einhorn, 4.

2nd Vice-President: Dr. Roy Up- ham, 31; Dr. G. Eusterman, 11; Dr. Chester Jones, 4; Dr. W. A. Fansler, 3.

3rd Vice-President: Dr. Franklin White, 30; Dr. Roy Upham, 5; Dr. Samuel Weiss, 4 ; Dr. Sarah Jordan, 3.

Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. S a m u e l Weiss, 21; Dr. A. Aaron, 7; Dr. Sarah Jordan, 5; Dr. H. Kendall, 2.

N a t i o n a l Committeemen: Dr. A.

Bassler, 50; Dr. B. B. V. Lyon, 40; Dr. S. Jordan, 38; Dr. G. R. Manning, 35; Dr. A. F. Andresen, 34; Dr. H. Rafsky, 34; Dr. G. Eusterman, 34; Dr. B. Crohn, 33; Dr. H. Eberhard, 32; Dr. A. L. Levin, 26; Dr. E. B. Freeman, 25; Dr. A. C. Ivy, 25; Dr. F. Cunha, 25; Dr. T. M. Johnson, 23; Dr. H. Soper, 22; Dr. S. Weiss, 21; Dr. R. Upham, 20; Dr. W. G. Morgan, 16; Dr. F. W. White, 16; Dr. J. A. Bargen, 15.

Delegate: Dr. A. Bassler, 67; Dr. A. Andresen, 6; Dr. B. B. V. Lyon, 3; Dr. G. Eusterman, 3.

Therefore, your selection of officers for the next Congress are:

�9 This analysis card shows the estimated approximate minimal and

optimal requirements of infants, a chemical analysis of Gerber's Baby Foods and the average food values of foods included in the infant dietary.

The information was compiled from research by Gerber 's dietetic staff in conjunction with the Research Fellowship established by Gerber's at Michigan State College.

The doctor will find it useful and reliable in working out infant diets. Note particularly the excellent values in iron in the dry cereal and the

good values in all of the canned strained f o o d s - a l s o the fact that both peas and spinach are good supplementary sources of Vitamin C.

An additional analysis card on Gerber's Cereal Food will also be received by those sending the coupon below.

Honorary President, Dr. Max Ein- horn; President, Dr. Anthony Bas- sler; 1st Vice-President, Dr. George Eusterman; 2nd Vice-President, Dr. Roy Upham; 3rd Vice-President, Dr. Franklin White; Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. Samuel Weiss.

N a t i o n a l Committeemen: Dr. A. Bassler, Dr. S. Jordan, Dr. A. F. Andresen, Dr. H. Eberhard, Dr. G. Eusterman, Dr. B. B. V. Lyon, Dr. G. R. Manning, Dr. H. Rafsky, Dr. B. B. Crohn, Dr. A. L. Levin.

Alte~mate Committeemen: Dr. A. C. Ivy, Dr. E. B. Freeman, Dr. F. Cunha, Dr. T. M. Johnson, Dr. H. Soper, Dr. S. Weiss, Dr. R. Upham, Dr. W. G. Morgan, Dr. F. W. White and Dr. J. A. Bargen.

Delegate: Dr. Anthony Bassler. Alternate Delegate: Dr. A. F. An-

dresen.

NEW LABORATORY Establishment of a new laboratory

for the study of filterable virus diseases, in the treatment and preven- tion of which science is believed to be at the threshold of an important ad- vance, is announced by the Squibb Biological Laboratories.

Dr. Raymond C. Parker, biologist of the Rockefeller Institute for Medi- cal Research, and for many years an associate of Dr. Alexis Carrel, has been appointed to head the laboratory, which will operate as a unit of the Biological Division of E. R. Squibb and Sons at New Brunswick, N. J. The new building is a continuation of a program of expansion which began in the Fall of 1938 with the dedication to pure science of the $750,000 laboratory of the Squibb Institute for Medi- cal Research.

"Enlargement of the company's biological facilities was undertaken be. cause rapid development in the knowledge of filterable viruses has made it probable that our ability to prevent and control infection s r o m t h e s e sources will have a rapid expansion in the immediate future Dr. John F. Anderson, director of the Biological Laboratories, explained.

Among the common diseases caused by filterable viruses, Dr. Anderson pointed out, a r e s m a l l p o x , rabies, equine encephalitis, measles, chicken pox, poliomyelitis, and the common cold. No specific product for the pre- vention of four of these diseases--the common cold poliomyelitis, chicken- pox and measles--is now available.

More than 500 scientists from ten nations w i t n e s s e d the first demonstration of the new virus laboratory during a tour of the Squibb Institute and the Biological Laboratories on September 6 and 7. The group, composed of delegates to the Third Inter- national Congress for Microbiology, which met in New York City, Sep- tember 2 to 9, also inspected the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re-


search at Princeton on Wednesday, September 6.

The program at New Brunswick will be divided into two sections, ex- hibitions and charts i l lustrating new developments in the Squibb Institute, and a display of biological products developed by large scale methods in the Biological Laboratories. German, Spanish, French and I ta l ian inter- preters will be provided for those who do not speak English. Stables in which 200 horses and 1500 rabbits are maintained for the production of anti- toxic and antibacterial sera will be shown to the foreign microbiologists.

The new virus laboratory is housed in a specially constructed building,

and is equipped for work with chick embryos and tissue culture, two of the techniques for work in this field. The actual working quarters consist of a large general laboratory equipped with every facility for chemical and histological work, a general prep- aration room for washing, drying, packing and storing the various materials that are used, two special culture and operating rooms provided with filtered ventilation, a spaciou s incubator room, an animal prepa- ration room, a bleeding room and ample animal quarters.

The arrangement of the rooms is such that the air of the culture suite proper is protected a t all times from

the air of the general laboratory and office quarters on the one side, and of the animal room on the other. I t is also possible for visitors to observe every step of the work in progress without entering any of the various rooms of the culture suite.

The program of the visiting scientists a t New Brunswick includes a demonstration of the Insti tute 's work on the effects of Vitamin K and some of the new simple synthetic products which have an effect similar to that of the natura l vitamin. A test, using baby chicks and allowing Vitamin K to be assayed in six hours, will be carried out. Charts will show the relationship of Vitamin K deficiency to blood clotting, a comparison of methods of assay of Vitamin K, and the isolation of the na tura l vitamin from alfalfa. Natural and synthetic products with Vitamin K activity will be displayed.

Dr. Parker was born in Newport, Nova Scotia, on October 18, 1903. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from Acadia Universi ty in 1924, and the degree of Doctor of Philo- sophy in 1927 from Yale University, where he was Sterling Fellow, and assistant in zoology. From 1927 to 1929 he studied in Germany as Na- tional Research Council Fellow in biology. He became assistant in the division of experimental surgery at the Rockefeller Insti tute in 1930, and associate in 1935. His researches have dealt with selection in protozoa and the biology of tissue cells in pure cultures. Dr. Parker is the author of the leading t e x t on " M e t h o d s of Tissue Culture."

WOLDMAN, EDWARD E. AND POLAN, CHARLES G.

Am. J. Med. Sci., Cleveland, Ohio, p. 155, Aug., 1939.

The c o n t i n u o u s drip method of using colloidal aluminum hydroxide has been in use three years; it is especially designed to neutralize gastric acidity uninterruptedly and thereby allow p e p t i c u l c e r to heal . The purpose is the same as most of other forms of t reatment for ulcer but as Crohn and Reiss have shown magnesium oxide and sodium bicarbonate are the most powerful excitants of gastric secretion, excepting histamine. C o l l o i d a l a l u m i n u m hydroxide is mildly astr ingent and non-irritating. I t is arr~photeric, with a pH of 6.9; and does not cause alkalosis. I t contains about 5% of aluminum hydroxide a n d a b o u t 0 .6% of s o d i u m chloride in water. I t combines with 12 times its volume of tenth-normal hydrochloric acid within half an hour. I t is not absorbed from the gastro- intestinal tract, as shown by Ivy, in dogs a n d by Einsel, Adams and Myers, in man. I t coats the ulcer with a jelly-like mass. I t is helpful in


arrest ing hemorrhage. The drip must be continued throughout the night and not more than one hour should elapse without medication. In the healing of an ulcer the granulation is extremely friable and must be protected unti l the crater is filled in, which requires 7 to 10 days. The method has been used successfully in bleeding ulcers as it promotes clot formation and then protects the delicate fibrin from the action of the unbuffered gastric juice, and pepsin is not active in alkaline or neutral solutions.

The treatment requires hospitali- zation of the patient. The colloidal aluminum hydroxide diluted to 25% is instilled into the stomach through

a naso-gastric collapsible thin rubber tube, 1~ inch in diameter, passed with the aid of silkworm-gut suture which is left in place. The tube is passed only as far as the lower end of the esophagus. In the cases in which the tube was not used one ounce of the solution was given every hour during the day and every 2 hours during the night. Usually a sedative was given in the evening. The food consists of small quantities of a bland diet every two hours for twelve hours, milk with one-third cream, cooked cereals (oatmeal, farina, cream of wheat), a soft boiled egg, a slice of toast, butter, cream soups, gelatin, custard, tapioca and junket. For constipation mineral

RECENTLY magnesium trisilicate was proposed for the treatment of peptic ulcers because its sustained antacid and adsorptive effects provide an environ- ment conducive to healing.

Referring to magnesium trisilicate, Mutchl (Guy's Hospital, London) states: "I ts antacid power is sustained for hours even in the presence of an excess of acid. Not only does this facilitate the continuous control of hyperchlorhydria in the gastric contents as a whole, but it fur- nishes a basis for a local antacid therapy in the floor of the ulcer itself. In the presence of acid the trisilicate acquires a gelatinous consistency, and if any. of the mass lodges in the ulcer crater, it will IMutch, N.: Brit. M . J . 1:143, 205, 254, 1936.

progressively neutralize the acid which diffuses through it."

Magnesium trisilicate does not reduce the gastric reaction below the neutral point, nor is it absorbed. Hence there is no possibility of its inducing an alkalosis. Since the general motility of the digestive tract is not disturbed, it does not cause constipation or diarrhea. These features make magnesium trisilicate an antacid of choice in gastric hyperacidity.

Magnesium Trisilicate Squibb is sup- plied as 7I/~ gr. palatable, slightly fla- vored (peppermint) tablets in bottles of 100 and 1000.

Total daily dosage varies between 6 and 24 tablets according to the patient 's condition and response.

For literature address the Professional Service Department, 745 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y.

E'R: SQUIBB SONS, NEWYORK MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION SINCE 1858.

oil is given daily or enemas every other day. The t reatment is employed in cases of hematemesis and melena excepting that the naso-gastric tube is not passed until vomiting ceases but the colloidal aluminum hydroxide is given by the mouth meanwhile and the same diet and sodium phenobarbi- tal hypodermically as a s e d a t i v e . Small transfusions, 250 cc. are given when the systolic blood pressure is less than 90 and hgb. below 30%.

In three years 407 patients with peptic ulcer were treated with colloidal aluminum h y d r o x i d e . There were 322 men and 85 women. The drip method was employed in 270 patients and 86 were on oral treatment. Of these 101 were bleeding on e n t e r i n g the hospital. Twenty-two patients had both gastric and duodenal ulcers, nine had marginal ulcers, six after gastro-enterostomy and three after gastric resection. The m o s t striking features of the t reatment are: 1, the prompt relief of pain, 2, the rapid healing of the ulcer, 3, the healing of refractory ulcer, and 4, the excellent results in case of massive hemorrhage, the m o r t a l i t y in the cases being only 3% as compared with 29% in 38 cases in the same hospital in the five year period preceding the inaugurat ion of this form of medical treatment.

Allen Jones, Buffalo.

BENDICK, ARTHUR J. Early Esophageal Carc inoma. Am. J. Roen~. rend R a d i u m Therapy, VoL XL[, 603, 1939.

Bendick reports a case of early carcinoma of the esophagus. The importance of this case is that there were only slight burning pains, when- ever the patient swallowed hot or cold liauids. The well known symptoms of difficulty in swallowing, bleeding or loss of weight were not present. The routine roentgenographic examination was entirely negative.

Bendick stresses the importance of the examination of the patient in re- cumbent position. Only in this position the presence of the growth of 1.5 cm. in diameter could be visu- alized.

Franz J. Lust, New York, N. Y.

EINHORN, MAX.

The Value of ~he S~ring Test for the Diagnosis of Peptic Ulcers. Gastro-enterolog~a, Vol. 6~, p. 65- 67, June, 1939.

The str ing test which was introduced 30 years ago by Einhorn is especially v a l u a b l e in cases w i t h shallow lesions in the stomach or duodenum, in which a deformity of the stomach or duodenal wall is not present.

Einhorn reports cases of peptic ulcer in which the roentgenological examination of the gastro-intestinal


tract gave no evidence of any lesion. The str ing test, however, enabled the author to make the diagnosis and proved again to be very valuable.


CUNHA, FELIX. The Duodena l Syndrome Asso- ciated with Aberrant Superior Mesenteriv Artery. J. of the Inter. College of Surgeons, Vol. 2, 93, 1939.

Cunha d e s c r i b e s t h e s y n d r o m e which is due to an aberrant mesen- tery artery. The clinical signs are those of a duodenal ulcer. However, the gastric contents is normal, the

roentgenological examination shows no sign of a peptic ulcer either in the stomach or in the duodenum. Cunha stresses the fact that fluoroscopy however is the most important examination. Roentgenograms cannot possi- bly demonstrate the condition unless extreme dilatation of the duodenum has taken place. Fluoroscopy reveals the presence of antiperistalsis in the second and third portion of the duodenum, the barium reaching the point of compression at about the terminus of the latter, then being unable to follow through, antiperistaltic waves of muscular action carry it backward to the pylorus, with the production of

an endless churning back and forth between these two points. After some time a secondary dilatation of the duodenum takes place. In those cases in which the syndrome has been present over a long period, absolute stasis in the duodenum is sometimes noted, brought about through fatigue inertia of the smooth muscle. Marked changes in body weight, gross fat de- pletion or gross fa t increase, alter the anatomic relationship and therefore the mechanical function of that region of the duodenum and are apparently an etiological factor in the occurrence of the described symptom.


GF_~STER, JOHN C. A. R e t r o p e r i t o n e a l Chyle Cysts. Annals of Surgery, Vol. 110, No. 3, pp. 389-410, Sept., 1939.

Gerster reports a case of retroperitoneal chyle cyst. The clinical findings were those of a tumor in the right epigastrium. Intensive roentgenological studies enabled the diagnosis of a retroperitoneal tumor pressing on the rear wall of the second par t of the duodenum and on the gall bladder. At the operation the tumor was found attached to the anterior aspects of bodies of first and second lumbar vertebrae between the aorta and the inferior vena cava. The aorta was entirely free, but the inferior vena cava was intimately adherent to the r ight side of the tumor for a distance of three inches. The contents of the tumor was a milky fluid. This tumor was due to a trauma.

Gerster emphasizes tha t the exact diagnosis is determined by the micro- scopic character of the cyst wall (lymphangioma, dermoid, hydroneph- rosis). Analysis of the fluid contents is of secondary interest.

Many cases of chyle cysts are re- ported under different headings. Ger- ster's compilation of the l i terature should be well appreciated.


JUNGNER, G., I~YDIN A. AND JOSEPH -

SON, B .

Elimlnat~on of Cholic AcMs. lI . In Experimental Jaundice. Aeta Med. Scand., 97(3/4):254-284, 1938.

The surface adsorption of cholates on the walls of the blood vessels does not occur in obstructive jaundice. The blood cholic acid in animals with toxic hepatitis (after P or CCL) was greater than normal but less than that seen in obstructive jaundice, and there is a greater delay in excretion due to in jury to the liver parenchyma. Estimation of the blood cholate con- centration a f t e r i n j e c t i o n of N a cholate should therefore furnish a diagnostic liver function test . - -J . F. W. ( c o u r t e s y of B io log ica l Ab- stracts).


Pablum is thoroughly cooked by a patented process

and is palatable


and is low in fiber


and needs no further cooking


is rich in iron, rich in calcium, and rich in vitamins B1 and G

PABLUM is a palatable mixed cereal food, vitamin and mineral enriched, composed of wheatmeal (farina), oatmeal, cornmeal, wheat embryo, beef bone, brewers' yeast, alfalfa leaf, sodium chloride, and reduced iron. Please enclose professional card when requesting samples of Mead Johnson products to cooperate in preventing their reaching unauthorized persons. Mead Johnson & Company. Evansville, Ind., U.S.A.

PALMER, WALTER LINCOLN.

Benign and Malignant G a s t r i c U l c e r s : T h e i r R e l a t i o n and Clinical D i f f e r e n t i a t i o n . Ann. Int. Med., Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 317- 338, Aug., 1939.

P a l m e r descr ibes a case of a carc i - n o m a t o u s u lcer of the lesser cu rva - t u r e of t h e s tomach. The roen tgen - ological e x a m i n a t i o n showed i t to be a b e n i g n lesion. The gas t roscopic ex- a m i n a t i o n , however , r e v e a l e d t h e p resence of a c a r c inoma tous ulcer . The h is to logica l f indings a re v e r y well i l l u s t r a t ed by the m i c r o p h o t o g r a p h s . T h e s e m i c r o p h o t o g r a p h s revea l a m i n u t e ca r c inoma tous les ion in a fold of the f u n d u s of t h e s tomach . The difficulty of d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g be tween ben ign u lce rs a n d c a r c i n o m a t o u s u lcers is emphas i zed especia l ly in u lcers which show a c a r c i n o m a t o u s degene ra t ion . F r e e ac id i ty of 106 showed a f t e r a h i s t a m i n e test . Stool e x a m i n a t i o n s f o r occul t blood va r i ed f r o m n e g a t i v e to s t r o n g l y posit ive. Roentgenolog ica l e x a m i n a t i o n showed a smal l g a s t r i c lesion. The au topsy showed mass ive c a r c i n o m a m e t a s t a s e s to the skeleton. M i n u t e c a r c i n o m a m e t a s t a s e s to l ymph nodes, spleen, and lung.

F r a n z J. Lus t , N ew York, N. Y.

SCHATZKI, RICHARD.

The Roentgenologic Appearance o~ Intussuscepted Tumors of the Colon. Am. J. Roent. and Rad, Ther., VoI. XLI , $, 549-563, 1939.

Scha tzk i r e p o r t s e leven cases of in- t u s suscep ted t u m o r s of the colon in adul ts . I t is i n t e r e s t i n g t h a t t h r e e of these were p ed u n cu l a t ed submucous l ipomas , wh ich showed p a r t i a l necro- sis a n d u lcera t ion . The r e s t of h i s cases was due to c a r c i n o m a t a . Scha tzk i uses mos t ly t h e c o n t r a s t e n e m a and t h e f lat pla te . Ora l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of b a r i u m is only an add i t iona l method.

The a u t h o r discusses t h e roen tgen - olo~ical s igns which differ acco rd ing to the a m o u n t of o b s t r u c t i o n a n d in- t u s suscep t ion p re sen t . T h e s igns a re eas i ly exp la ined by t h e a n a t o m i c a l process. The b a r i u m m a y e n t e r t h e cen t r a l cana l as wel l as t h e per i - p h e r i a l s h e a t h of the colon. Besides, on the f la t film a sausage - shaped , homogeneous s h a d o w ( r e p r e s e n t i n g the i n t u s s u s c e p t e d p o r t i on of t he in- t e s t ine ) c an be seen. Th i s a rea m a y be s u r r o u n d e d by t h e air-f i l led shea th . Occas ional ly even t h e t u m o r can be seen h e a d i n g t h e i n v a g i n a t e d colon. To d i f f e ren t i a t e be tween the feca l m a t t e r and in tussuscep t ion , Scha tzk i s t r e s ses t h e h o m o g e n i t y of t h e p a t h - ological shadow, w h e rea s feca l m a t t e r h a s a mot t l ed a p p e a r a n c e .

As d i f fe ren t i a l d iagnos i s we h a v e only to cons ider (1) t he i n v e r t e d cecum and (2) K a n t o r ' s s t r i n g s ign


Doctors Acclaim NewAcidophi lus

Discovery

Lactobacilli kept viable Vitamin B Complex Added

Surplus Lactic Acid Removed.

Clinical Tests show Lactys Relieved Chronic Constipation in a High Per- centage of C~es. ]qoted Authorities

Using in Arthritis.

Doctors a r e en thus i a s t i c abou t resu l t s ob ta ined w i th Lac tys , a new lac tobaci l lus a c i d o p h i l u s concent ra te , p roduced u n d e r a new process which keeps the ac idophi lus b a c i l l i viable , re- moves su rp lus lac t ic ac id and adds y e a s t v i t amins . P a t i e n t s de r ive d i r e c t benefi t f r o m the c o m p r e s s e d a c i d o p h i l u s and V i t a m i n B Complex w i t h o u t hav ing to cope wi th an ex- cessive a m o u n t of lac t ic acid. Lac tys makes i t poss ib le f o r the f i rs t t ime, to c a r r y suf - f icient quan t i t i e s of lac tobaci l l i d i r ec t ly in to the i n t e s t i ne s in a viable, po ten t fo rm.

Chronic Cases Respond Clinical t e s t s show t h a t m a n y chronic cases of cons t ipa t ion respond to th i s new t r e a t m e n t

cases in which o t h e r f o r m s of t r e a t m e n t were unsuccess- ful. P r o m i n e n t c l in ic ians a r e now p r e s c r i b i n g L a c t y s i n ce r t a in cases of a r t h r i t i s . The s impl i c i ty and convenience of the compressed 10 g r a m doses of Lac tys a r e obvious.

Send for Free Samples Send today for free samples of LACTYS, clinical tests and lists of distr ibutors. LACTYS INC, Copcutt Lane, Yonkers, N. Y.

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of regional ileitis. As to the site, Schatzki differentiates between ceco- colic (ileocolic) and colocolic intus- susceptions. According to the location only slight differences in the roentgenological aspect take place.


SCHENKEN, JOHN R., STASNEY, JOSEPH AND HALL, W. KNOWLTON.

Lack o/ Antlanemic Principle in Human L i v e r f r o m Case o] Carcinoma of S tomach . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med., $0(1): 89-90, 1939.

The injection of an extract prepared from a human liver obtained at necropsy f rom a pat ient with carcinoma of the stomach produced no re- ticulocytic response in a pat ient with addisonian pernicious anemia in re- lapse. The injection of a control ex- t rac t prepared from the l iver of a pat ient w i t h c e r e b r a l hemorrhage c a u s e d a marked st imulation of hematopoiesis. The pyloric and pre- pyloric portions of gas t r ic mucosa which were replaced by neoplastic tissue in the pat ient with carcinoma of the stomach have been shown by experimental observations to be most active in the production of the in- tr insic f a c t o r . " - - Authors (courtesy of Biological Abs t rac ts ) .

UPHAM, ROY AND SPINDLER, FRANK. Studies on Humans with a New Secretagogue Meal. Rev. Gastro- ent., 6(1):12-21, 1939.

The method is too involved for routine gastr ic analysis. The basis of the test meal is Lumco meat ext rac t with phenol red indicator. The con- centration of phenol red in the test meal is compared with tha t in the ex- t racted samples. I t is claimed tha t the meal gives "absolute figures" for the amount of HCI produced by the s t o m a c h . - - G . H. C. (courtesy of Biological Abs t rac ts ) .

REINERS, I-~ERMAN N. Die Harnsto~bildung in der uber- lebenden, experimentell geschadl- gten Leber. Arch. Exp. Path. ~. Pharmakol., 190:$52-$60, 1938.

The formation of urea by the sur- viving cat liver, removed af te r poison- ing of the entire animal with P, and art if icially perfused with blood, was unaltered despite severe changes in the epithelial portion of the liver. Damaging the endothelial system of the liver with India ink or electro- copper neither checked nor increased urea formation. Simultaneous acute in jury to both tissue systems caused a considerable checking of urea formation, even though changes in each system were not as g rea t as had oc- curred in the injuries of the singIe systems as studies. Urea formation

C A R B O M I D E T h e e f f e r v e s c e n t t a b l e t o f

H a m m o n d ' s m i x t u r e

N o w i m p r o v e d :

T o d i s s o l v e f a s t e r

T o b e m o r e c o n v e n i e n t t o t a k e

T o b e m o r e p a l a t a b l e

C A R B O M I D E (Hammond's Mixture modified)

Potassium Bromide .............. GR XVI Charcoal .................................. GR VI Scale Pepsin .......................... G R I I I Effervescent Salts ...... qs ..... 1 tablet

S u g g e s t e d i n :

C h r o n i c N e r v o u s E x h a u s t i o n

N e r v o u s I n d i g e s t i o n

S o c i o l o g i c a l D i s o r d e r s

WELIN-SATER COMPANY Pasadena Ca li|ornia


W h e n you recommend "malted" milk be sure to specify "HORLICK'S"

Here's why! H ORLICK'S is made from whole milk from

tuberculin tested herds, choice malted barley, and wheat flour, carefully enzyme hydrolyzed. Processing is conducted at controlled low temper- atures to protect natural vitamins of milk and grain. And the rich malt flavor of Horlick's tempts hard-to-please a p p e t i t e s . The soft, low tension curds are easily digested.

For a free trial supply, write on your professional letterhead, to Horlick's, Dept. AJDD-11, Racine, Wisconsin.

is not alone a function of the pithlial cells or of the Kup- pfer star cells; it should rather be considered as a combi- nat ion work of both tissues. Both the origin and the nature of the in jury to the organ are of importance as regards the effects upon this essential function of the liver in

"diffuse liver pathologies.--C. S. L. (courtesy Biol. Abst.).

STIEBELING, HAZEL K. AND PHIPARD, ESTHER F. Diets of Families or Employed Wage Earners and Clerical Workers in Cities. U. S. Dept. Agric. Circ., 507, 1-40, 9 figs., 1938.

This analysis of the q u a n t i t i e s of different foods purchased, their cost and their nutr i t ive adequacy, in a relatively well-to-do population group, is based on about 4,000 weekly records, obtained from December, 1934, to February, 1937, in 43 industrial centers in 8 major geo- graphical regions of the U. S. Most of the families were whites; some were Negroes in Middle Atlantic and South- ern cities. Median expenditures (whites) ranged from $2.10 a person a week. (East South Central) to $2.85 (Pacific coast); of Negroes, $1.55 (Southern) to $2.40 (middle Atlantic) . Expenditures for food rose with increased economic well-being. Such increments were most pronounced in milk, butter, cream, eggs, meat, fruits, and succulent vegetables, and least for grain products, sugars, and fats other than butter and cream. The average con- sumption of 36 important groups of foods is given by level of food expenditure and by season, and for 4 regions 194 individual food items are also presented. Comparisons of the average nutri t ive values of the diets (calories, protein, Ca, P, Fe, vitamin. A value, Vitamin B1, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), riboflavin, and the p e l l a g r a p r e v e n t i v e factor) with suggested daily allowances for each uni t are made. The middle 50% of the white families received per requirement unit per day 70-95 gms. of protein; 0.50-0.83 gm. of Ca; 14-17 m~ms. Fe; 2,000-4,500 I. U. of Vitamin A; 400-600 I. U. of Vitamin B1; 50-100 mgms. of ascorbic acid; and 550-900 Sherman units of riboflavin. From 40 to 60% of the diets of white families were in need of im- provement, and over 60% of these of Negro families. Most of the diets derived a relatively high proportion of their calories from the flavorful fats, sugars, meat, poultry and fish, a low proportion from milk products, frui ts and vegetables other than potatoes. The white families spent from V4-% of their food money for eggs, lean meat, poultry and fish; %-~,4 for vegetables and f rui ts ; but only %-% for milk and cheese. For the Negro families the respective figures were %-% and ~ . Even the good diets fell short of the optimal allowances of protective foods. More emphasis should be put on leafy and green-colored vegetables and upon milk, many of whose inexpensive varieties and forms yield excellent food value for their c o s t . - Authors (courtesy of Biol. Abst.).

FRUTON, JOSEPH S. AND BERC~MANN, MAX. The Specificity of Pepsin. J. Biol. Chem., 127(3): 627-641, 1939.

Several specific substrates for crystalline swine pepsin were synthesized--such as carbobenzoxy-lglutamyl-l-tyrosine and glycyl-lglutamyl-tyrosine. Carbobenzoxy-l-gluta- myl-l-tyrosine was split optimally by pepsin at pH4 into carbobenzoxy-l-glutamic acid and 1-tyrosine. Substitution of the free carboxyls in the substrates inhibited pepsin action. Pepsin, an acidic enzyme, therefore required an acidic substrate for its action. The classification of protein-splitt ing enzymes on the basis of pH optima'should be abandoned in favor of a classification on the basis of specificity phenomena. The availability of synthetic substrates for pepsin having only one sensitive peptide bond permits a more precise study to be made of the kinetics of peptic hydrolysis and the quantitative estimation of pepsin in biological fluids. I t also permits a comparative study of the relative specificities of pepsins of various animal spp.--Authors (courtesy Biol. Abet.).

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