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N,34J , 34"", 34- , 34v,34/1 ,34"' ,34V, 34

3,34=,34, 36

XI ' X2, .. •, 34aI' a2' , 34PIn, Pt , 34FIn, F2n , 34t, t., ,35u, u" , 35v, v" , 35A, A" , 35B, BI , •• • , 35C, C" , 35D,D" , 35Axil ••• X.. , 35P, PI' ,35R, R" ,35X, X" , 35Y, Y" , 35Z, ZI' ,36t l ;>! t2 , 36t l ;>! .. . ;>! tno 36.4,36A(x/t) , 36A(xi/t" .. ., x..ltn) , 360, 36

{YI ' ..., Yn}, 36{y}, 36£;, 36C,36E,36E,36!t,36;>!,36u ,36n ,36-, 36

INDEX OF SYMBOLS

iff, 360 ,36!,46K,46x, 50J* , 53J ,,53kSxi,54

k< xi,54la" 54Cx,,54(k S )xi, 54(k<)xi,54

(k)xi' 54J2, 59~, 59j, 59,!,59n,59b,",59

dni l.....i., 59

01,60E,60'1,60fJ",60{j",60[01], 60[fJ"] ,60W] , 60[E] ,6O['1],60J**,63J3, 63I, 63, 82-,63,t,63

Cfq. 64lC;tvl. 64~(Xil .. . X..) , 64p,64s,64c,64d,64(AI ' .. ., An), 64

240 INDEX OF SYMBOLS

,W, 65

;, 65S.Q ,68max(S.Q), 68dist(S.Q), 687, 71{ }, 71S,710 ,71U,71W,71T,71I. 717 {AI> , An}, 72{A" , An}, 737 S(Axi• • • • X.. ), 76S(Axi, ... X.. ) , 767 0(Axi, • • • X.. ) , 77O(Axi l X.. ) , 777 U(Ax" X.. ) , 78U(Ax" X..) , 787 W (x, x'H.IIAx,), 81W (x, X, +•. , lAx,), 817 r o, X, H. ' ~Ax;) , 83T(x, X,H.I~Ax,) , 83/ ,84[P(Xi) ] , 84

7 [P,(x,.)] [Pn(X..)]/S(Ax" X..), 84

[P,(x,.)] [P.(x..)]/S(Axi, X..), 84z: 101:£0' , 101

Q, Q" ..., 101dQ,101M,102C, 102~ , ~ ' , .. ., 102s, 103s, 103il[s] , 103o FA [s], 103o FA, 104o FX, 104Taut , 105Contr , 105Synt , 105TauJ~. , 105Contr-«, 105

Synt~., 105Inc, 106X FA, 107

F~' , 107F~" , 107

Cp,1071:=, 108I:=.zo, 108I~.., 108

SaJ, 114cQ, 114pQ, 114PresQ, 115PPresQ, 115mPresQ,116:£'1, 116Pres,Q, 118mPres,Q, 118Ret, 120Ct(X), 121

3~hi' 124E,127E ' ,1 38E2

, 139EJ ,1 39E.~o , 141F, F" Fl , . .. , 142E~.. , 145J,146

3~h" 150

3(k)x" 153G,156G' ,162Gl

, 163G~o, 167G~.. , 168TauJ~.. , 1681m,171Im', 1811m2

, 182Ims, 187Im~. , 201Bxi, x.., 201Au, u. , 201Im~.., 203L(:£), 221, ,221

>.221Log (9'-). 221

INDEXOF SYMBOLS 241

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

admissible partitions, 227-228answers, 42-43- conclusive, 51- direct- - to a question of the first kind , 72- - to an existential question of the second

kind,76- - to an open question of the second

kind,77- - to a general question of the second

kind, 78- - to a categoreally qualified existential

quest ion of the second kind, 84-85- - to an existential question of the third

kind, 81-82- - to a general question of the third kind,

83- - to a natural language question, 8, 86- - in Aqvist's theory , 42 , 48-49- - in Belnap 's theory, 42, 68-69- - in Harrah's theory , 42, 45- - in Kubinski's theory, 42, 55-56, 61- just-complete, 114- partial, 114-115- principal possible , 42-43

arising- of a question from a set of declarative

sentences, 4-12- of a question from a question and a set

of declarative sentences, 14-24assertoric operator, 40atomic formulas, 35auxiliary d-wffs , 172auxiliary premises, 18

binary questions, 200

categoreally qualified questions, seequestions , categoreally qualified

category conditions, 63, 84category qualifiers, 84closed terms , 34compactness- of entailment, 107- of me-entailment, 109

complete sets, 107completely contradictory question, 131completely tautological question, 131completeness-claims, 68completeness/incompleteness,erotetic, 97­98

compound numerical quest ions, 57-59conclusive answer, seeanswer, conclusiveconclusiveness conditions, 51conditional questions , 61-62- with irrevocable antecedents, 62- with revocable antecedents, 62

conditional yes-no questions, 74, 90conjunction connective, 34conjunctive questions, 61, 74, 91-95consistent set, 106content of a set of d-wffs , 121contradiction, 105contradictory d-wff , 105core of an interrogative, 48cut for sets , 112

declarative premises , 210declarative well-formed formula, 35desideratum of a question, 49-50dilution , IIIdirect answers, see answers, directdisjunction connective, 34disjunctive questions , 61, 91-94distinctness-claim, 68domain of an interpretation, 103d-wff , seedeclarative well-formed formula

entailment- in a language, 106- - in the language ;e', 122- - in the language ;e", 125- logical , 106- multiple-conclusion in a language, 108,

111-113 ,228- - multiple-conclusion in the language

z: 122- - multiple-conclusion in the language

;e", 124-126- regular, 134

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 243

epistemic operators, 46, 49-50equipollence of questions , 133equivalence- connective, 34- of d-wffs, 107- of questions, 135

erotetic arguments- of the first kind, 210- of the second kind, 210- pure , 210

erotetic constants , 71erotetic implication- in a language , 171,229- - in the language ;e', 200- - in the language ;e" , 203- pure, 183- strong, 187

erotetic inferences- of the first kind, 2, 209- of the second kind, 2, 209

erotetic premise , 210erotetic rules- of the first kind, 223- of the second kind, 224

evocation of questions- in a language , 127,229- - in the language ;e', 141- - in the language ;e" , 145- on the ground of a formalized language,220

evoked question , 128evoking set, 128existential quantifier, 34existential questions, see questions of thesecond kind, existential, questions of thethird kind, existential, and questions,categoreally qualified, existential of thesecond kind

e-arguments, see erotetic argumentse-arguments. see erotetic arguments ofthe first kind

e2-arguments, see erotetic arguments ofthe second kind

e-rules , see erotetic rules of the first kinde2-rules, see erotetic rules of the secondkind

E-argument, see question evokingargument

E'-argument, 214E-rule, see question evoking rulefinite question, 139first-order language, 35- with identity, 35

focussed yes-no questions, 74, 89-90function symbols, 34

general questions, see questions of thesecond kind, general, and questions ofthe third kind, general

generation of questions- in a language, 156- - in the language ;e', 167- - in the language ;e" , 168- weak, 32

generated question, 156generating set, 156G-argument , see question generatingargument

G-rule, see question generating rule

hypothetical yes-no questions , 91

identity symbol, 34imperative-assertoric analysisofquestions,40

imperative-episternic approach toquestions, 39

imperative-epistemic translations ofinterrogatives, 46

imperative operators, 46, 50implication- connective, 34- erotetic, see erotetic implication- propositional, see propositional

implicationimplied question , 172implying question, 172incomplete set, 107inconsistent set, 106infinite question, 139informativeness , 121initial question, 18, 210interpretation function, 102interpretation of a language, 102- normal, see normal interpretations

interrogative model of inquiry, 32

244 INDEX OFSUBJECTS

interrogative operators, 40, 45-48, 52-61interrogative quantifiers, 58interrogatives, 38-42 , 45-48- compound, 63- elementary, 63-67- simple, 63- whether, see whether-interrogatives- which, see which-interrogativesSeealso questions

1m-argument, see question-implyingargument

Ims-argument, 219

just-complete answers , see answers , just­complete

language- J, 34- J* , 53- J** , 63- J" 53-54- J 2 , 59-60- J), 63-64- ::t:, WI- ;;e" , WI- ;;e.', 116

lexical- completeness-claim specifications , 41 ,

65- distinctness-claim specifications , 41, 65- request , 41 , 63- selection-size specifications , 64-65- selection, 67- subject , 41 , 63- - of a whether-interrogative, 64- - of a which-interrogative, 64

logical entailment, see entailment , logical

maximal presupposition, seepresupposition of a question; maximal

maximal factual presupposition, seepresupposition of a question, maximalfactual

me-entailment, see multiple-conclusionentailment

metalinguistic variables , 35-36model of a set of d-wffs, 104

multiple-conclusion consequence,111-112

multiple-conclusion entailment, seeentailment, multiple-conclusion

names, see closed termsnegation connective , 34nominal- alternatives, 64- categories, 63, 84

non-logical constants, 102non-reductionism, 40-42normal interpretations, 104-105- of the language 5£., 122- of the language 5£••, 123

normal model of a set of d-wffs , 106normal questions , 119numerical questions , seesimple numericalquestions, and compound numericalquestions

open questions of the second kind, seequestions of the second kind, open

overlap , III

partial answers, see answers, partialpartition of a language, 112, 227predicate symbols , 34presupposition of a question , 115- factual , 118- maximal , 116- maximal factual , 118- prospective, 115

proper questions, 120propositional implication, 30, 182propositional questions , 60pure erotetic argument, see eroteticargument, pure

pure erotet ic 1m-argument, 219pure erotetic implication, see eroteticimplication, pure

quasiformulas , 30, 182queriables, 64question evoking argument, 214question evoking rules , 223-224question generating argument, 214question generating rules, 225question implying argument, 217

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 245

quest ion implying rules, 224question/conclusion, 210

questions, 37-42- binary, see binary questions- categoreally qualified, 84-85- - existential of the second kind , 84- completely contradictory, see

completely contradictory questions- completely tautological , seecompletely

tautological questions- conditional, see conditional questions- conjunctive, see conjunctive questions- finite , see finite question- infinite, see infinite question- normal , see normal questions- numerical , see compound numerical

questions and simple numericalquestions

- of the first kind, 72- of the second kind- - existential, 76- - - categoreally qualified, see

questions, categoreally qualified,existential of the second kind

- - general , 78- - open , 77- of the third kind- - existential , 80-81- - general , 83- proper, see proper questions- propositional, see propositional

questions- regular, see regular questions- risky, see risky questions- safe , see safe questions- self-rhetorical, see self-rhetorical

questions- wh, 94-97- - simple, see simple wh-questions- whether, 44,50,64-67,91-95- which, 44, 56-59, 64-67 , 95-97- yes-no , see yes-no questions,

conditional yes-no questions, focussedyes-no questions , hypothetical yes-noquestions, simple yes-no questions

Seealso interrogativesQ-selection, see lexical selection

reducibility of a question to a set ofquestions , 196

reductionism- moderate, 38-40- radical, 37-38

regular entailment , seeentailment, regularregular questions, 119relations between questions, 133-136relative soundness, 118requests- abstract, 63- lexical, see lexical requests

risky questions , 113

safe questions, 113satisfaction, 103-104self-rhetorical questions , 120sentence , 35sentential function, 35simple interrogatives, 63simple numerical operators, 53-54simple numerical questions, 52-54simple wh-questions, 50simple yes-no questions, 74, 61soundness- of a question in an interpretation, 113- relative , see relative soundness

subjects- abstract , 63- lexical, see lexical subjects

synthetic d-wffs, 105

tautologies- of a language, 105- - of the language 5£., 122- - of the language 5£••, 125

terms, 34- closed , see closed terms

truth- of a d-wff in an interpretation, 104- of a d-wff in a partition, 228- of a question, 30, 113, 182

universal quantifier, 34universal closure of a d-wff, 36

246 INDEX OF SUBJECfS

validity- of erotetic arguments of the first kind,

212- of erotet ic arguments of the second

kind, 217- of natural-language erotetic arguments,

220value of a term, 103valuation (9-valuation), 103

whether- interrogatives, 64-67which-interrogatives, 64-67wh-questions, see questions, whwhether-question, see questions, whetherwhich-questions , see questions, which

yes-no questions , 87-91, see alsoconditional yes-no questions, focussedyes-no questions, hypothet ical yes-noquestions , simple yes-no questions

INDEX OF NAMES

Ajdukiewicz, K. 2, 40, 42Apostel, L. 40Aqvist, L. 31,39,40,43,45-49,79,80,195

Batog, T. 106Belnap, N. D. 27,29-31 ,41-42,43,62­69, 70, 75, 79, 80, 84, 89, 90, 91, 97,99, 100, 105, 113, 114

Beth, E. 32Bolzano, B. 39Bromberger, S. xiii, 25, 27-28, 31, 113Buszkowski, W. 112,119

Carlson, L. 31Cantor, G. 98Carnap, R. 12, 40, III

Cohen, F. S. 38Cresswell, M. J. 40Collingwood, R. G. 27

Finn, V. 38

Garrison, J. W. 32Gentzen, G. IIIGroenendijk, J . 31,32,38GOdel, K. 117

Hajicova, E. 89Halonen, I. 32Hamblin, C. 38Harrah, D. xiii, 13,28,29,31,39,40,

42, 43-45, 98, 114Harris, S. 32Hausser, R. R. 38Henkin, L. 117Hintikka, J. 27,31 ,32,39,42,43,49­52,79

Hintikka, M. B. 32Hii, H. 38, 40Hull, R. 38

Karttunen, L. 38Keenan, E. 38Kiefer, F. 89Kleiner, S. A. 31Koj, L. xiii, 40, 89Kubinski, T. xiii, 28-29, 37, 40-41, 43,53-62, 70, 75, 79, 80, 91, 97 . 99, 100,114, 131, 133, 134, 195,222, 227

Kuipers, T. A. F. xiii, 32, 225

Langford, C. H. 39Leszko, R. 40, 57Lewis, C. I. 39Lindenbaum, A. 125

Materna, P. 38Montague, R. 38

Peano, G. 104, 228Prior, A. 26Prior, M. 26

Reichenbach, H. 40Ringen, J. xiv

Scott, D. 107, IIIShoesmith, D. J. 107,109,111 -112,227Sintonen, M. 32Smiley, T. J. 107,109,111-112,227Stahl, G. 38, 42Steel, Th. B. 27,30,41,90, 114, 123,182,195

Stokhof, M. 31,32,38

Tarski, A. 134, 222Tichy, P. 38

Vanderveken, D. 38

W6jcicki, R. 107

Zygmunt, J. 107, III

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