BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE-641046 B. Sc. HUMAN...

B.Sc. Human Biology – 2015-16 onwards – CPP/COP of 29

BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE-641046

B. Sc. HUMAN BIOLOGY

(For the CPP/COP students admitted during the academic year 2015-16 and onwards)

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS (CBCS PATTERN)

Part

COURSE TITLE

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CIA

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Mark

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SEMESTER -I

I Language - I 6 25 75 100 4

II English - I 6 25 75 100 4

III CORE I - Human Anatomy and Physiology - I 6 25 75 100 4

III CORE II - Epidemiology for Medical and Health

systems

5 25 75 100 4

III ALLIED PAPER I - General Biology 5 25 75 100 4

IV Environmental Studies # 2 - 50 50 2

SEMESTER -II

I Language - II 6 25 75 100 4

II English - II 6 25 75 100 4

III CORE III - Human Anatomy and Physiology - II 5 25 75 100 4

III CORE IV - Introduction to Genetics 5 25 75 100 4

III ALLIED PAPER II - Basic Biophysics 6 25 75 100 4

IV Value Education- Human rights # 2 - 50 50 2

SEMESTER -III

III CORE V - Health Law and Ethics 6 25 75 100 4

III CORE VI - Behavioral Sciences 5 25 75 100 4

III CORE VII - Introduction to Histology 5 25 75 100 4

III CORE VIII - Biostatistics 5 25 75 100 4

III ALLIED PAPER III - General Chemistry - I 4 25 75 100 4

IV Skill Based Subject I - Calculus 3 20 55 75 3

IV Tamil @ / Advanced Tamil # (or) Non-Major

Elective- I (Yoga For Human Excellence) # /

Women’s Rights #/Constitution of India#

2 50 50 2

SEMESTER -IV

III CORE IX - Medical Communication 6 25 75 100 4

III CORE X - Organic Chemistry 5 25 75 100 4

III CORE XI - Diagnostic tools 5 20 55 75 3

III CORE XII - Hospital Allied Services 5 25 75 100 4

III ALLIED PAPER IV - General Chemistry - II 4 25 75 100 4

IV Skill Based Subject II - Introduction to

Immunology

3 20 55 75 3

IV Tamil @ / Advanced Tamil # (or) Non-Major

Elective- II General Awareness #

2 50 50 2


SEMESTER – V

III CORE XIII - Introduction to Microbiology 5 25 75 100 4

III CORE XIV - Hospital Information System 5 25 75 100 4

III CORE XV - Medical Records 5 20 55 75 3

III CORE XVI - General Pathology 5 25 75 100 4

III ELECTIVE - I 5 25 75 100 4

IV Skill Based Subject III - Introduction to

Biochemistry

5 20 55 75 3

SEMESTER -VI

III CORE XVII - Entrepreneurial Microbiology 6 25 75 100 4

III CORE XVIII - Social and Preventive Medicine 6 25 75 100 4

III CORE XIX - Introduction to Neurobiology 5 25 75 100 4

III ELECTIVE - II 5 25 75 100 4

III ELECTIVE - III 5 25 75 100 4

IV Skill Based Subject IV –Basic Pharmacology 3 20 55 75 3

V Extension Activities - Community Work @ - 50 - 50 2

TOTAL 3500 140

List of Elective papers (Colleges can choose any one of the paper as electives)

ELECTIVE - I A Hospital Function and Services - I

B Nano-materials and Nano-medicine

ELECTIVE - II A Hospital Function and Services - II

B Nutritional Biochemistry

ELECTIVE - III A Hospital Architecture and Maintenance

B Sports Biochemistry

@NoUniversityExaminations.OnlyContinuousInternal Assessment(CIA)

# NoContinuousInternal Assessment(CIA).OnlyUniversityExaminations

* For Project work: 80%Marks&Viva voce :20% Marks


Core I -HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - I

UNIT I

Cell structure and function: membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, movement across borders,

metabolism.

UNIT II

Anatomy and physiology of vision: Structure of eye, image formation and defects of the eye,

Receptor mechanism of the eye, photo-pigments, Visual cycle and color adaptation.

UNIT III

Skeletal Muscle: Muscle and joint anatomy, structure of skeletal muscle, contraction of

muscle fiber, chemical changes during muscle contraction, sources of energy of muscle

contraction.

UNIT IV

Blood and Body fluids: Composition and function, Red blood cells, Hemoglobin, white blood

cells and platelets. Blood coagulation, blood groups and blood transfusion.Formation and

functions of lymph. Body buffers.

UNIT V

Digestive system: Anatomy of abdomen and pelvis, gastro-intestinal tract physiology,

secretion of digestive juices, digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

Gastro-intestinal hormones.

REFERENCES

1. Chatterjee, C.C - Human Physiology – Volume I & II, 11th edition, 1992.

2. Chatterjee. C. Text book Medicinal Chemistry.

3. Saradha Subramaniam. Text book of human physiology.

4. Guyton, Text book of Medical physiology.

5. Agarwal G.R & Agarwal B.P. Text book of Biochemistry. (Agarwal physiological

chemistry)

6. Murray. R.G. Harper’s Biochemistry, 24th edition.

7. Lecture notes on human physiology, M. M. Muthiah Vol II, 1991.

8. Ganong’s Review of human physiology, Kim E. Barrett, Susan M. Barman, Scott

Boitano, 24th

Edition

9. Gray’s Anatomy - The anatomical basis of clinical practices, Susan Stranding, 40th

edition

10. Human Anatomy, B. D. Chaurasia (Vol 1, 2, 3)

11. Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, Anne Waugh, Allison

Wynn Grant, Janet S. Ross, 11th

edition.


Core II - EPIDEMIOLOGY FOR MEDICAL AND HEALTH SYSTEMS

UNIT I

Concept of health and diseases: Definition and dimensions of health, spectrum of health,

determinants of health, Indicators of health. Concept of disease, concept of disease causation,

natural history of disease, concept of disease control, levels of prevention, modes of disease

intervention, Internal classification of disease.

UNIT II

Medical terminology: Roots, prefixes, suffixes, abbreviations and symbols, common roots:

element referring to, usage and definition, common prefix and suffixes- common

abbreviations: departments, time, general health care, roots of medication and laboratory

symbols.

UNIT III

Principles of epidemiology and epidemiological methods: Definition and basic concepts of

Epidemiology including epidemiological triad. Basic measurement in epidemiology including

measures of mortality and morbidity, infectious disease epidemiology, investigation of an

epidemic outbreak.

UNIT IV

Communicable and non-communicable diseases: Nosocomial infectious and other common

communicable disease - Measles, Chickenpox, Tuberculosis, viral hepatitis. HIV / AIDS,

Tetanus. Common Non communicable diseases - CHD, Hypertension, diabetes, cancer.

Occupational disorders like, pneumo-coniosis, hearing loss, accidents, dermatosis.

UNIT V

Demography and family welfare: Demographic cycle, demographic trend in India, national

population policy 2000, family planning / welfare concepts, contraceptive methods. National

Family Planning Program.

REFERENCES

1. Preventive and Social Medicine – Park. K

2. Biological Sciences – D.J. Taylor N.P.O Green G.W.Stout Principles of Internal

Medicine – Harrisons Volume 2.

3. Medical Terminology – G.D.Mogli

4. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary


Allied Paper I - GENERAL BIOLOGY

UNIT I

Living things - attributes, interpretation of the scientific methods, Linnaean taxonomic

categories, absolute truth in science; Atoms, molecules and life - components, periodic table,

properties of water, pH and its significance in living things; Biological Molecules - four

molecules and its monomers, functional groups

UNIT II

Cell membrane structure and function - plasma membrane and its protein components, fluid

mosaic model, intercellular movement, osmosis, diffusion; Cell structure and function -

cytoskeleton, different organelles and its function, cell - cell interaction;

UNIT III

Energy flow in the life of a cell - Laws of thermodynamics, energy and work, Glycolysis,

Krebs cycle, cellular respiration, electron transport chain, chemiosmosis; Viruses,

prokaryotes - components, pathogenic prokaryotes, virus and viral reproduction, viroids,

prions and mechanism of disease;

UNIT IV

DNA - composition, structure, historical figures in the elucidation of DNA, DNA replication

with its critical components; Gene expression and regulation - DNA and protein interrelation,

transcription, translation, mutation, gene and protein regulation;

UNIT V Cellular reproduction - binary fission, mitosis, meiosis, critical differences; Patterns of

inheritance - Mendelian genetics, genetic principles; Principles of evolution - Pre-Darwinian

concepts, Darwinian evolution, evidences, principles of population growth, population

growth in developed vs. developing nations;

REFERENCES

Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology. Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce Byers,

10th edition, Benjamin Cummings publishers, 2013.


Core III - HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - II

UNIT I

Excretory System: Basic anatomy and mechanism of formation of urine, composition of

urine, Micturition. Renal regulation of acid balance, hormone of the kidney.

UNIT II

Respiratory system: Anatomy of lungs and mediastinum, diffusion of gases in lungs,

transport of oxygen from lungs to tissues through blood, factors influencing the transport of

oxygen. Transport of CO2 from tissues to lungs through blood, factors influencing the

transport of CO2.

UNIT III

Nervous system: Anatomy of brain and spinal cord, structure of neuron, resting potential and

action potential, Propagation of nerve– impulses, Structure of synapse, synaptic transmission

(electrical and chemical theory). Structure of Neuro muscular junction and mechanism of

neuro muscular transmission, neuro transmitters.

UNIT IV

Endocrine system: Anatomy on location of endocrine organs, chemical nature of hormones,

mechanism of action of hormones – intracellular receptor mechanism and second messenger

mechanism (cAMP, cGMP, Ca- 2+) Structure function and deficiency symptoms of

hormones of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands. Function of pancreatic

hormones.

UNIT V

Male Reproductive system: Anatomy of male and female genital tract, structure of testis,

Spermatogenesis, functions of testis. Female Reproductive system: Ovarian cycle, Structure

and hormones of ovaries, menstrual cycle, menopause, pregnancy and lactation. Steroids as

contraceptives

REFERENCES

1. Chatterjee, C.C - Human Physiology – Volume I & II, 11th edition, 1992.

2. Chatterjee. C. Text book Medicinal Chemistry.

3. Saradha Subramaniam. Text book of human physiology.

4. Guyton, Text book of Medical physiology.

5. Agarwal G.R & Agarwal B.P. Text book of Biochemistry. (Agarwal physiological

chemistry)

6. Lecture notes on human physiology, M. M. Muthiah Vol II, 1991.

7. Ganong’s Review of human physiology, Kim E. Barrett, Susan M. Barman, Scott

Boitano, 24th

Edition

8. Gray’s Anatomy - The anatomical basis of clinical practices, Susan Stranding, 40th

edition

9. Human Anatomy, B. D. Chaurasia (Vol 1, 2, 3)

10. Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, Anne Waugh,

Allison Wynn Grant, Janet S. Ross, 11th

edition.


Core IV -INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS

UNIT I

Concepts of classical genetics, Schaffner's theory, anti-reductionist consensus, molecular

level of genetics.Mendelian principles, rules, concepts, dominant and recessive

inheritance.Mutations and mechanisms of nuclear and extranuclear inheritance.

UNIT II Population genetics - Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium, deriving genotypic and allelic

frequency, genetic drift, Shift, components of a human pedigree, genetic counselling.

UNIT III Cytogenetics - karyotypes, chromosomes and its anomalies, parts of chromosomes. mtDNA

- endosymbiotic hypothesis, inheritance pattern, mtDNA mutation and disease

UNIT IV Cancer genetics - cell growth, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cancer genes in human

genome, retroviral oncogenes.

UNIT V Human genome project - history, goals, methods, results, interpretation. Reverse genetics -

concepts, approaches.

REFERENCES

Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology. Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce

Byers, 10th edition, Benjamin Cummings publishers, 2013.

Basic genetics by D.L.Hartl, 1991, Jones and Bartett public.

Friedfelder 1987, Microbial genetics, Jones and Bartett public.

Molecular Biology of the genes 4th Ed. Watson et.,al, the Benjamin /Cummings

coins 1987


Allied Paper II - BASIC BIOPHYSICS

UNIT I Mathematical models in mechanics: Different modelling assumptions. Kinematics of a

particle moving in a straight line: Formulae for a particle moving in a straight line with

constant acceleration, modelling an object moving vertically under gravity, speed-

time/distance-time graphs.

UNIT II

Dynamics of a particle moving in a straight line: solving problems involving force and

acceleration, resolving forces, frictional forces and coefficient of friction, inclined planes,

connected particles, momentum and impulse, collisions, the principle of momentum

conservation.

UNIT III

Statics of a particle: Particles in equilibrium, modelling additional forces, weight, tension,

thrust, normal reaction and friction, solving static problems involving friction.

UNIT IV

Moments: Moment of a force acting on a body, sum of moments, bodies in equilibrium,

non-uniform bodies.

UNIT V

Vectors: Displacement vector, representing vectors using line segments, using i,j notation,

solving problems using vectors, velocity vector, using vectors to solve problems about

forces.

REFERENCES

College Physics Vol 1 by A.B. Gupta. Books and Allied Ltd, 2000.

College Physics Vol 2 by A.B. Gupta. 2010.

BIOPHYSICS - Principles and Techniques, M.A. Subramanian – MJP Publishers -

Chennai

PRINCIPLES OF BIOPHYSICS, Dr.S.Palanichamy & Dr.M.Shanmugavelu. Palani

Paramount Publications - Palani

Biophysics - Dr.S.Thiravia Raj - Saras Publications - Nagerkoil

Basic Biophysics for Biologist – M. Daniel -Agrobios (India) Jodhpur.


Core V - HEALTH LAWS AND ETHICS

UNIT I

Code of ethics:Introduction – professional ethics– personal qualities of the medical

professional- Negligence.

UNIT II

Laws related to medical practice:Medical council act - Disability act – legal aspects of

medical records – Transplantation of human organ act – Prevention of food and adulteration

act – medical termination of pregnancy act – Birth and death registration act – Pre Natal

diagnostic act – Indian mental health act.

UNIT III

Laws related to hospital administration:Companies act – law of contracts – consumer

protection act. Laws related to support services:Biomedical waste – atomic energy act –

Indian electricity act– Indian boiler act – pollution control act.

UNIT IV

Laws related to clinical trials –drug trials – ICMR projects- Central drug standard control

organization (CDSCO) – ethics committee – declaration of Helsinki.

UNIT V

Laws related to hospital finance:Securities and exchange board of India (SEBI)-securities

contract regulation act –negotiable instruments act – value added act (VAT) Scope of study

of the above topics to cover definition / scope / penalties / salient feature /recent amendments

affecting hospital management only for the exam evaluation.

REFERENCE

1. Elements of mercantile law - N.D.Kapoor.

2. Bare acts relating to hospital laws - government of India publications.

3. Guide to Drug Development: A Comprehensive Review and Assessment, Bert

Spilker, 2008

Core VI -BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

UNIT I Medical ethics - introduction, application of APA ethical code to practice, surrogates for

decision making, incompetent patients, patient detainment and treatment against their

wishes.

UNIT II Medical psychology - Psychological and psychiatric disorders, physician - patient

relationship, transference and counter-transference.Human behavior, learning theory and

behavior modification.Neuropsychological testing and diagnostic and statistical manual

of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR).


UNIT III Human development - the beginning of life, the school age, adolescence, adulthood, death

and bereavement.Human sexuality - common sexual behaviors,

dysfunctions.Psychoanalytical theories and defense mechanisms, substance abuse,

withdrawal, tolerance, substance dependence, interventions, withdrawal reactions.

UNIT IV Sleep and sleep disorders, Axis I and Axis II diagnosis - somatoform disorders - eating

disorder, dissociative disorder, impulse control disorder, schizophrenia, mood disorder,

anxiety disorder, personality disorder (cluster A, B, C). Organic disorders - signs and

symptoms.

UNIT V

Psychotherapeutic drugs - antipsychotics, antidepressants, electroconvulsice therapy,

mood stabilizers, anxiolytics. Selection of drugs and side-effects.

REFERENCES

BRS Behavioral Science (Board review series). Barbara Fadem. 6th ed, 2013,

LWW publishers.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR, 4th Ed, (Text

Revision), American Psychiatric Association.

Core VII -INTRODUCTION TO HISTOLOGY

UNIT I

Epithelium - lateral, basal and apical domains, different types. Connective tissue -

collagen, elastic fibers. Cartilage - chondrocyte, hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage,

disease conditions.

UNIT II

Muscle - microscopic structure, properties of red and white muscle, mechanism of

contraction, disease states. Blood function, endothelial cell functions and diseases,

coverings of heart, fibrous skeleton, conducting system, blood vessels of heart.

UNIT III

Gastro-Intestinal tract - tongue, enterocytes, layers, oesophagus, stomach, small and large

intestine, appendix, anal canal, associated glands. Skin - types of skin, epidermis, dermis,

structure of hair, sweat gland, sebaceous gland, structure of nail.

UNIT IV

Nervous system - CNS, PNS, neurons, glial cells, Schwann cell, myelination of neuron,

cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, disease conditions.

Respiratory - parts of respiratory tract, function, cells, changes in normal histology.

Urinary - urinary tract and their function, uriniferous tubule, ureter, urinary bladder.


UNIT V

Endocrine - different glands, location, function, histological structure.Male reproductive -

parts of system, histological structure, spermatozoa, blood-testis barrier.Female

reproductive - ovary, oogenesis, uterus, fallopian tube, vagina. Special sense - eye, retina,

functions , ear - external, middle and internal, equilibrium and hearing.

REFERENCES

Junqueira, Luíz Carolos, & Carneiro, José. Basic Histology: Text and Atlas (13th

ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Publisher.

Core VIII -BIOSTATISTICS

UNIT I

Introduction to basic statistics: Introduction to concepts - Experimental settings and tests of

hypothesis – Areas of application in statistics - Introduction to some essential features - Data

recorded in routine clinical practice - qualitative and quantitative observations - Scale of

measurement.

UNIT II

Frequency distribution and measures of central tendency and dispersion:Conceptual issues –

frequency distribution. Arithmetic mean –median, mode, percentiles – geometric mean –

Harmonic mean – Measures of Dispersions – Range – Mean Deviation – Inter quartile

deviation Range, Variance and Standard Deviation – Coefficient of variation.

UNIT III

Probability and probability distribution:Introduction to probability – measurement of

probability and Laws of probability for independent events – conditional probability, Bayer’s

theorem and application of probability – probability distribution – binomial, poison, Normal

“t”.

UNIT IV

Sampling Distribution and Estimation – central limit theorem, sampling techniques, Point and

Interval, estimation of population parameters of large samples - tests of significance: large

and small sample size, distribution of chi square, parametric and non-parametric tests.

UNIT V

Linear regression and correlation:Introduction – scatter diagram, Correlation and regression –

correlation coefficient and Regression equation and restrictions.

REFERENCES

1. Business Statistics - R.S.N. Pillai & Bagavathi

2. Statistical Methods - Elhance

3. Statistical Methods - S.P.Guptha

4. Bio Statistics - Sundar Rao


Allied Paper III - GENERAL CHEMISTRY - I

UNIT I

Matter - classifications, separations and separating mixtures. Significant figures, units,

temperature, relative temperatures, density.Dalton's atomic theory, consequences,

radioactivity.The -particle experiment, nuclear atom and structure, scales of atoms isotopes,

atomic and mass numbers, the periodic table, the Mole, Avogadro's number, molar mass.

UNIT II

Chemical compounds: molecular and ionic compounds, mass, chemical composition,

empirical formula. Oxidation states, rules for oxidation states, inorganic nomenclature, binary

compounds of two non-metals binary acids, polyatomic ions. Chemical reactions - Balancing

equations, strategies.Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

UNIT III

Introduction to reactions in aqueous solutions - electrolytes, types, representation using

chemical equations, notation for concentration. Oxidation - reduction - general principles,

state changes, oxidation and reduction half-reactions. Gases - Properties of gases, pressure,

barometric pressure, manometers, gas laws, ideal gas equation, general gas equation.

UNIT IV

Thermochemistry - terminology, surroundings, energy, temperature, heat and units of heat.

Heat capacity, Conservation of energy, calorimetry, first law of thermodynamics. Electrons in

atoms - principle shells and subshells, orbital energies, electron configurations, orbital filling

(p and d orbitals).

UNIT V

Metals and nonmetals, ions atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, periodic

properties of the elements, acid base nature of element oxides. Chemical Bonding I - Basic

concepts, Lewis theory, structures for ionic compounds, Covalent bonding, coordinate,

multiple and polar covalent bonds, electronegativity, formal charge, alternative Lewis

structures

REFERENCES

General Chemistry: Principles and Modern applications, 9th edition, Ralph H.

Petrucci, William S. Harwood, F. Geoffery Herring, Prentice-Hall publishers, 2006.

Skill Based Subject I - CALCULUS

UNIT I

Algebra and functions: Simplifying expressions, indices, expanding brackets, factorizing,

manipulating surds, rationalization. Quadratic functions: Plotting quadratic curves, solving

quadratic equations, completing the square, quadratic formula, sketching quadratics.

UNIT II

Equations and inequalities: Simultaneous equations, elimination, substitution, quadratic and

linear equations, linear inequalities, quadratic inequalities. Co-ordinate geometry in the (x,y)

plane: Straight line, equation and gradient, alternative form for the equation of a straight

line, harder problems, conditions for parallel and perpendicular lines.


UNIT III

Differentiation: The derivative, formula for the gradient of xn, gradient formula for simple

functions, expanding and simplifying functions for differentiation, second order derivatives,

rate of change, equation of tangent and normal.

UNIT IV

Integration: Integrating xn, integrating simple expressions, using the integral sign,

simplification of expressions before integrating, finding the constant for integration.

UNIT V

Energy: Potential energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, thermal energy, simple

problems. Universe - special relativity: Introduction, the principle of relativity, unity of

space and time, inertial frames, reference frames, Lorentz contraction.

REFERENCES

Calculus by Larson, Hostetler and Edwards, 7th ed. Houghton Miffin publishers,

2001

Calculus by Anton, Bivens and David, 7th ed. Wiley publishers, 2007.

Core IX -MEDICAL COMMUNICATION

UNIT I

Definition of medical communication and information literacy, introduction to medical

information resources - print and electronic.Ethics and communication, patient autonomy,

justice, beneficence, and patient's rights.

UNIT II

Medical encounter - happenings, empathy and emotion - methods and limitations.Basic

medical interview - note taking and charting (SOAP: Subjective Objective Assessment

Plan).Fundamentals of listening and non-verbal communication.

UNIT III

Information literacy - resources for physicians and patients. Difficult patient encounters -

breaking bad news and truth telling, domestic violence, child abuse, child neglect, the

hostile patient. The multidisciplinary team, introduction to research, APA style.

UNIT IV

Communication filters - cross cultural patients and working with interpreters, gender and

sexuality, cultures. pediatric patients and parents, working with special need populations.

UNIT V

Shared decision making, communicating risk, talking about mistakes and dealing with

complaints. Topics on writing newsletters - introduction to newsletter.

REFERENCES

Clinical communications skills (Oxford Core Texts). Peter Washer, OUP Oxford

publications, 1st edition, 2009.

Communication skills in Medicine. Margaret Llyod and Robert Bor, 2nd ed, Churchill

Livingstone, 2004.

The elements of style. William Strunk. Jr and E.B. White, 4th ed, Longman

publishers, 1999.


Core X - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT I

Carbon compounds and chemical bonds- structural theory, isomers, three dimensional shapes.

Representative carbon compounds, functional groups, intermolecular forces. Introduction to

IR spectroscopy

UNIT II

An introduction to organic reactions, acids and bases - reactions and mechanisms, intro to

acid base chemistry. Alkanes - nomenclature, conformational analysis and introduction to

synthesis - shapes, IUPAC nomenclature.

UNIT III

Steriochemistry, chiral molecules - isomerism, stereo isomers, constitutional isomers,

enatiomers, chiral molecules. Nucleophillic substitution and elimation reactions of alkyl

halides - nucleophiles, SN2, SN1.

UNIT IV

Alkenes and alkynes I - properties and synthesis, elimination reactions of alkyl halides,

relative stabilities.Alkenes and alkynes II - addition to alkenes, addition of hydrogen halides

to alkenes.

UNIT V

Radical reactions - introduction, hemolytic bond dissociation energies.Alcohols and ethers -

nomenclature, synthesis from alkenes, hydroboration - oxidation, conversion into

alkylhalides.

REFERENCES

Organic Chemistry, 9th

Edition T. W. Graham Solomons & Craig B. Fryhle, 2008

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Core XI -DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

UNIT I Blood examination: anticoagulant, hemoglobin, RBC, packed cell volume, ESR, WBC total,

differential normal and abnormal hematopathies – anemia, bone marrow smear, leukemia and

myelodysplastic syndromes, diagnostic significance of PB smear, hemorrhagic disorder, L.E.

cell phenomenon.

UNIT II Urine analysis: collection – physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine – CSF

Parasite analysis.

UNIT III

Biochemical analysis of blood, blood banking, transplantation, lab safety, ELISA, RIA,

FACS, PCR, computers in lab, quality control.


UNIT IV

Equipment, basic techniques of modern imaging modalities: MRI, CT, PET, X-ray,

angiogram (DSA), nuclear medicine, ultrasound - contrast and special radiography

procedures - other imaging techniques: Histopathology imaging techniques

UNIT V

Quality Control in Radiology & Radiation Safety: Quality control procedure in radiology as

per NABH. Biological effects of radiation, radiation dose, effects of time, distance and

shielding, personnel and area monitoring, X-ray rooms, dark, ICRP / AERB

recommendations.

REFERENCES

1. Handbook of medical lab technology – Ed; V.H.Talib, CBS publication

2. Clinical Chemistry by Willium J.Marshall (Fifth edition, Mosby Publications).

3. An Illustrated color text of Clinical Biochemistry by Allen Gaw, Robert A.Cowan,

illustrated by Robert Britton (1999, second edition, Churchill Living stone press).

4. Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach (2nd Edition), by Colleen M.

Smith, Allan D. Marks and Michael A. Lieberman

5. Medical Microbiology by Jawetz

Core XII - HOSPITAL ALLIED SERVICES

UNIT I

Pre-clinical and para-clinical department - microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, forensic

medicine, community Medicine.General medicine and surgery, super-specialties.

UNIT II Nursing: Definition, concepts, philosophy, objectives, characteristics, nature and scope of

nursing practice, functions of nurse, qualities of a nurse, categories of nursing personnel,

history of nursing in India, caring and advocacy ethics, code of ethics and professional

conduct for nurses.

UNIT III

Physical therapy, occupational therapy, advanced cardiovascular sonography, anesthesia

technology, cytotechnology, diagnostic medical sonography, paramedics- emergency medical

technician, exercise physiology, exercise science.

UNIT IV

Medical assisting, medical illustration, neurodiagnostic technology, orthotic and prosthetic

technology, orthotist/prosthetist, perfusion, personal fitness training, polysomnographic

technology, recreational therapy, specialist blood banking technology, transfusion medicine.

UNIT V

Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring, kinesiotherapy, lactation consultation, surgical

assistance, surgical technology, speech-language pathology and audiology, dental technology,

traditional medicines (Indian and others).


REFERENCES

1. Kozier – Fundamentals of Nursing ,2007,Pearson

2. Rehabilitation Research: Principles and Applications by Elizabeth Domholdt

(ElsevierScience Health Science Div, 2004)

3. Kinesiology :The mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human Movement by CarolOatis

(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008)

4. The Basic EMT (2003 Edition) - Hardcover Version: Comprehensive Prehospital

Care basic Emt) Norman E. McSwain

5. Lawrence D Shriberg & Raymong D Kent ( 2003).Clinical Phonetics .Pearson

Education Inc.

6. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, 22nd Edition, Edited by Brian R.

Walker, Nicki R Colledge,Stuart H. Ralston,and Ian Penman.

7. Clinical Medicine, Kumar and Clark, 8th Edition.

8. Short Practice of Surgery 26th edition, Bailey &Love , Norman S Williams (Author),

Christopher JK Bulstrode (Author), P Ronan O'Connell (Author)

Allied Paper IV - GENERAL CHEMISTRY - II

UNIT I

Liquids, solids and intermolecular forces: properties and vaporization of liquids, vapor

pressure enthalpy, boiling point, Clausius - Clapeyron equation, sublimation phase

diagrams, critical point Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding in water, solutions,

physical properties, terminologies, concentration gas solubility, vapor pressures, osmotic

pressures.

UNIT II Freezing point, BP, electrolytes, colloidal mixtures, chemical kinetics, rates, measurements,

the rate law. Zero order, first order, effect of temperature on reaction rates, Principles of

chemical equilibrium, dynamic, equation constant, reaction quotient, Q, Le Châttelier’s

principle, acids and Bases, Arhenius theory, Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases.

UNIT III pH, strong and weak acids and bases, polyprotic acids, ions as acids and bases, molecular

structures, Lewis acids and bases. Acid-base equilibria, buffer solutions, Henderson -

Hasselbalch equation, acid - base indicators, titration curves, solutions of salts of polyprotic

acids. Solubility and complex-ion equilibria, KSP; limitations of KSP, precipitation, solubility

and pH

UNIT IV Entropy and free energy, spontaneity, entropy changes. The second law of thermodynamics,

standard fee energy, functions of temperature.Entropy and free energy, functions of

temperature, coupled reactions.Electrochemistry, electrode potentials, batteries, corrosion,

electrolysis.


UNIT V Nuclear chemistry, radio activity, natural radioactive isotopes, rate of radioactive decay,

nuclear reactions, nuclear chemistry, fission, fusion. Effect of radiation on matter,

application of radio isotopes. Organic chemistry, compounds and structures, alkenes,

alkynes, funtional groups, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines.

REFERENCES

General Chemistry: Principles and Modern applications, 9th edition, Ralph H.

Petrucci, William S. Harwood, F. Geoffery Herring, Prentice-Hall publishers, 2006.

Skill Based Subject II - INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY

UNIT I

Historical Development in Immunology. Immunity- Humoral and Cell mediated response,

Primary and Secondary immune response. Innate and Acquired Immunity. Immunogenetics.

UNIT II

Antigen, antibody – Structure, Types, properties and their biological functions.Primary and

Secondary lymphoid organs – Thymus, Bone marrow, Lymph nodes and Spleen.Topics in

clinical immunology.

UNIT III

Hematopoiesis and development of B and T lymphocytes. Immunoglobulin Gene expression

B cell and T cell activation. MHC molecules Response of B cells to antigens. Molecular

immunology.

UNIT IV

Complement – activation and regulation. Cytokines- structure and functions, Interferon and

interleukins. Immuno regulation: Tolerance. Suppression, Autoimmunity and

hypersensitivity reactions. Humoral immunology

UNIT V

Transplantation, HLA Typing; Mechanism of Graft rejection. Tumor immunology.Immuno

surveillance- mechanisms. Immunodiffussion and Immunoelectrophoresis.

REFERENCES

Immunology – Kuby., J - 5th Edition

Immunology – Ivan M. Roitt – Third Edition

Immunobiology – Janeway and Travers – 5th Edition


Core XIII - INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT I

Definition and scope of microbiology-- A general account on microbial diversity.Basic

principles in microscopy, Types of microscopes- light, dark, phase contrast, fluorescent and

electron microscope- (Transmission and Scanning electron).

UNIT II

Bacteriology - structure, physiology and classification, growth, metabolism, genetics and

laboratory diagnosis. Clinical bacteriology - gram positive and gram positive cocci, bacilli,

enterobacteriaceae, oxidase-positive motile rods.

UNIT III

Virology - structure, physiology, classification, anti-viral agents. Clinical virology - DNA

viruses, RNA viruses, Hepatitis virus, retrovirus - HIV/AIDS, HTLV.

UNIT IV

Mycology - fungal structure and physiology, classification, anti-fungal agents.Anaerobes,

fungal infections, mycoplasma, chlamydiae, mycobacteria.

UNIT V

Parasitology - structure, physiology, protozoa and helminths, anti-parasitic agents. Biosafety,

emerging infections, bio-terrorism.

REFERENCES

Textbook of Microbiology. Ananthanarayan and Paniker, 8th edition, Universities

press publication. 2009.

Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine & L. Case, 2001, Microbiology - An

Introduction. Benjamin Cummings, U.S.A.

Core XIV - HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

UNIT I

The Information explosion: Importance of information, impact on healthcare. World of

informatics: importance, rights, structure of health informatics. Information technology:

hardware, software, telecommunications, methods of accessing information, health

information on internet and World Wide Web.

UNIT II

Role of information: right information, process of decision making, literature, database,

problems in literature seeking, and standards of information seeking. Securing the

information: privacy and confidentiality, law, security and computer crimes.

UNIT III

Changing information system: impact for automation, organizational culture, resistance to

change, importance of managing change, and role of healthcare professionals in managing

change.


UNIT IV

Patient care system: Information management in patient care, patient care system, current

issues. Patient monitoring system: concepts, types, information management, current issues.

Clinical decision support systems: nature, types of decision support systems, role of

computers in decision support system.

UNIT V

Overview of HIS: Approaches to HIS- patient based, functional organization based, user

department based. Electronic Health Record: functions, implementation, advantages,

disadvantages - PACS, RIS, HER, PHR. Telehealth: Types, initiatives, advantages, barriers,

future.

REFERENCES

1. Management Information System - James A.O’Brien

2. Management Information System in Hospital - A.K.Saini

3. Health Management information System - Smith, Jack -A Handbook for decision makers

4. Informatics for Health Professionals - Kathleen M.Young

5. Information Technology for the Health Professions - Lilian Burke, Barbara Weill

Core XV - MEDICAL RECORDS

UNIT 1

History and role of medical records in health care delivery, various types of medical records;

forms and designs and presentation of the records- uses of medical records- policies-legal

aspects of medical records-developments of medical record forms.

UNIT II

Organization of medical records dept: structure, goals. Objectives and functions, duties and

responsibilities of medical record officer, medical record technician, assistant medical record

technician.Operational policies-working hours and shifts interdependent relations of medical

records staff and its importance.

UNIT III

Medical records security-retention and disposal of medical records - documentation practices

advantages, filling and retrieval of records and x-rays space and equipment, requirement for

medical records department, movable and immovable filing tracks: merits and demerits.

UNIT IV

International classification of disease: history and uses-design of ICD and structure how to

use ICD, basic coding guidelines, principles and rules of coding, WHO guidelines, indexing

of diseases and operations, salient features of the amendments to the ICD -10, difference

between ICD-9 and ICD-10, role of international classification of diseases in managing

electronic medical records.

UNIT V

Information required for organizing a medical record: Department methods of commissioning

of medical record services and periodical evaluation electronic medical records: advantages,


concerns about medical records computerization, various sections of electronic medical

record systems – PACS, RIS, EHR, PHR

REFERENCES

1. Mogli G.D (2001) Medical Records : Organization And Management New Delhi,

Jaypee Brothers

2. G.D Kunders (2004) Hospitals: Facilities , Planning And management. New Delhi:

Tata Mcgrawhill

3. Acleson E. D (1967) Linkage Of Medical Records : London:Oxford University Press

4. Benjamin, Bernad.1980. Medical Records, 2nd Edition London : William Heinman

Medical Books Ltd

Core XVI - GENERAL PATHOLOGY

UNIT I

Cell injury - causes and mechanism, ischemic, toxic. Reversible cell injury - types,

morphology, swelling, vacuolation, hyaline and fatty change. Irreversible cell injury -

necrosis

UNIT II Inflammation and repair - acute inflammation - features, causes and cellular events. Chronic

inflammation - causes and types. Inflammatory cells and mediators, wound healing by

primary and secondary union, factors promoting and delaying the process

UNIT III

Growth disturbances and neoplasia - Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Hypoplasia,

Metaplasia, Malformation, Agenesis, Dysplasia.Neoplasia : Classification, Histogenesis,

Biologic Behaviour : Benign and Malignant; Carcinoma and Sarcoma

UNIT IV

Tumour and Host Interactions : Systemic effects including paraneoplastic syndromes, Tumor

immunology. Autosomal and sex-linked disorders with examples, metabolic disorders

UNIT V

Protein energy malnutrition and vitamin deficiency disorders, radiation injury, disorders of

Pigment and Mineral metabolism such as bilirubin, melanin, hemosiderin

REFERENCES

1. General Pathology, Walter and Israel, 7th edition, Elsevier Health Publications. 1996.

2. Textbook of Pathology, Harsh Mohan, 7th edition, Jaypee Medical Publications,

2014.


ELECTIVE IA - HOSPITAL FUNCTION AND SERVICES - I

UNIT I

Meaning and scope of patient care services, significance of patient care, role of

administration in patient care, classification of Hospital.

UNIT II

Front office services, outpatient services, inpatient services, trauma, accident and emergency

services, billing and payment services.

UNITIII

Lab services-pathology, biochemistry, microbiology, collection units, rehabilitation services,

blood bank services, telemedicine.

UNIT IV

Operation theatre, intensive care units – neonatal ICU, pediatric ICU, surgical ICU, medicine

ICU, neuro ICU and cardiac ICU, sterilization and ward administration.

UNIT V

Concept of quality, quality control, quality assurance, ISO 9000 standards, TQM,

Accreditation - National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

(NABL), Joint Commission: Accreditation, Health Care, Certification (JCAHQ), Quality

manual, Medical tourism.

REFERENCES

1. Management process in Health care - S.Srinivasan

2. Hospital Department Profiles - Gold Berry A.J


ELECTIVE IB – NANO-MATERIALS AND NANO-MEDICINE

Unit I

Structure property relationship of Biological materials: tissues, bones and teeth, collagen,rich

tissues, elastic tissues, nanostructured collagen mimics in tissue Engineering.Biopolymers:

Preparation of nanobiomaterials – Polymeric scaffolds collagen,

Elastins:,Mucopolysaccharides, proteoglycans, cellulose and derivatives; Dextrans;

Alginates;Pectins; Chitin.

Unit II

Cardiovascular implants: Role of nanoparticles and nanodevices in blood clotting; Blood

rheology; Blood vessels; Geometry of blood circulation; Vascular implants; Cardiac

pacemakers; blood substitutes; Biomembranes.

Unit III

Polymeric implant materials: Polyolefin; polyamides (nylon); Acrylic polymers (bone

cement) and hydrigels; Fluorocarbon polymers; Natural and synthetic rubbers, silicone

rubbers; High strength thermoplastics; deterioration of polymers..Biomaterials for

Ophthalmology: Contact lenses; Optical implants for glaucoma;,adhesives; artificial tears;

Protection gears.

Unit IV

Metallic and ceramic implant materials: Bone regeneration, Nano crystalline structures of

Bone and Calcium phosphate cements. Cobalt-based alloys; Titanium and its alloys,

Nanoparticles relating to Aluminium oxides: Hydroxyapatite; Glass ceramics; ceramic

implants; carbon implants. Nano dental materials.

Unit V

Synthesis of nanodrugs – metal nanoparticles and drug delivery vehicles – Nanoshells –

Tectodentrimers Nanoparticle drug systems – Diagnostic applications of nanotechnology.

REFERENCES

1. SV Bhat, Biomaterials (2nd Edition), Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi –2005.

2. JB Park, Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Plenum Press, New York, 1984Challa

S.S.R.Kumar, Joseph Hormes, Carola Leuschmal.

3. Nanofabrication towards biomedical applications Willey – VCHVerlag GmbH&Co,

KGaA.

Skill Based Subject III - INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT I

Components of Molecular biology, central dogma, DNA organization, introns and exons,

DNA replication, enzymes for replication, DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, check

points, p53 and Rb proteins, transcription, drugs acting on transcription, translation, Wobble

hypothesis, steps in translation.

UNIT II

Gene regulation, Lac operon, epigenetics, Mendelian genetics, autosomal and x-linked

inheritance, mitochondrial inheritance, Genetic disorders, genomic imprinting, Chemistry of

amino acids, protein folding and misfolding, Zwitter ions, Carbohydrate chemistry,

classification, clinical uses, Glycolysis, Embden - Meyerhof pathway.


UNIT III Citric acid cycle, congenital and acquired lactic acidosis, TCA cycle, Glycogen metabolism,

glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation,

uncouplers, oligomycin, atractyloside, Lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, Fatty acid

synthesis, glycerol kinase, Fatty acid oxidation, carnitine, Zellweger syndrome.

UNIT IV Ketone bodies, ketoacidosis, Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, statins, primary and

secondary bile salts, drugs interfering with bile acid, Eicosanoids, prostanoids, leukotrienes,

Lipoprotein metabolism, Apo proteins, pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, Urea cycle and its

defects, hyperammonemias, aromatic aminoacid metabolism, alkaptonuria, phenylketonuria.

UNIT V Sulfur containing and basic aminoacid metabolism, tryptophan, niacin, homocysteinuria,

branched chain amino acid metabolism, acidurias, nucleotide metabolism, purine and

pyrimidine metabolism, anticancer drugs action, Vitamins, deficiencies and clinical

manifestations, recombinant DNA technology, PCR, RFLP, Enzymes, Km, Vmax.

REFERENCES

Champe PC, Harvey R and Ferrier D. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry.

5th Edition, 2010. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

Harper’s illustrated Biochemistry. 29th edition, McGraw-Hill Medical;

Swanson TA, Kim SI and Glucksman MJ. BRS Biochemistry, Molecular Biology,

and Genetics, 5th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkin. (December 7, 2009)

Dudek RW. High Yield Cell and Molecular Biology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkin.

Marks Basic Biochemistry, a clinical approach. 4th edition. Michael Lieberman, PhD;

Allan D. Marks, MD.

Core XVII - ENTREPRENEURIAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT I

Entrepreneur development, activity, Institutes involved, Government contributions to

entrepreneurs, risk assessment. Industrial Microbiology, Definition, scope and historical

development.

UNIT II

Microbial cells as fermentation products- Baker’s yeast, food and feed yeasts, Bacterial

Insecticides, Legume Inoculants, Mushrooms, Algae. Enzymes as fermentation products-

Bacterial and Fungal Amylases, Proteolytic Enzymes, Pectinases, Invertases, and other

enzymes.

UNIT III

Mushroom cultivation and Composting- Cultivation of Agaricus campestris, Agaricus

bisporus, and Volvariella volvaciae; Preparation of compost, filling tray beds, spawning,

maintaing optimal temperature, casing, watering, harvesting, storage. Biofertilizers-

Historical background, Chemical fertilizers versus biofertilizers, organic farming.Rhizobium

sp, Azospirillum sp, Azotobacter sp, as Biofertilizers.


UNIT IV

Patents and secret processes, History of patenting, composition, subject matter and

characteristics of a patent, Inventor, Infringement, cost of patent. Patents in India and other

countries. Fermentation Economics.

UNIT V

Brewing- Media components, preparation of medium, Microorganisms involved, maturation,

carbonation, packaging, keeping quality, contamination, by products. Production of Industrial

alcohol.

References:

1. Industrial Microbiology- L.E.Casida, jr, New age International publication.

2. Entrepreneurial Development in India- By Arora.

3. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom production

technology- K.R.Aneja, New age International publication. S.Chand Publication 6th

Edition.

Core XVIII - SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

UNIT I

Definition and concepts, evolution of public health, important public health acts, health

problems of developed and developing countries, health problems in India.

UNIT II

Health planning in India, health goals, organized sector (centre, state, district and block level

structures, local bodies, panchayat raj), organization and functions of community health

centers and primary health centers, primary health care and concept.

UNIT III

Health manpower, Non – Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Private Voluntary

Organizations (PVOs), unorganized sector, problems of population growth , birthrates, death

rates, fertility rates, age-specific mortality rates, MMR, CPR, etc. approaches and methods of

contraception , MTP.

UNIT IV

Definition and scope of social sciences in health, concept and significance of social structure

and social organization, culture related to health and disease, political and economical aspects

of health, concepts and techniques of information, education and communication including

counseling methodology.

UNIT V

Objectives and organization of important agencies, like WHO, UNICEF, FAO, ILO, Indian

Red Cross Society, UNFPA, World Bank, Asia Development Bank, Ford Foundation, CARE,

Rockefeller Foundation, etc. and their role in Health care activities in India

REFERENCES

1. Preventive and Social Medicine – Park. K

2. Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health and

Preventive Medicine) by Robert B. Wallace


Core XIX - INTRODUCTION TO NEUROBIOLOGY

UNIT I

Organizations of nervous system, ascending sensory pathways, descending motor pathways,

development of nervous system, brain - function and clinical, spinal cord anatomy, tracts,

brainstem organization and structure.

UNIT II

Blood supply and lesions, vertebrobasilar system, ventricles, blood-CSF barrier, Blood brain

barrier, meninges, CNS blood supply and classic types of stroke, Cranial nerves I - XII

locations and functions.

UNIT III

Electro-physiology - potentials and conduction velocities, synapses, neurotransmitters, kiss

and run event, receptors, neuromuscular junction, MEPP, myasthenia gravis, cerebellum -

functional anatomy.

UNIT IV

Basal ganglia - movement disorders, lesions. Vision - myopia, hyperopia, retina and photo-

transduction, conscious visual pathways, identification of lesions, visual deficit, central visual

processing.

UNIT V

Auditory, Vestibular, olfaction, gustation, proprioception, sensory controls on muscles, pain,

neuroinflammation, referred pain, pain modulation pathways. Sleep and sleep disorders,

EEG, normal cortical activity, clinical significance of epilepticus.

REFERENCES

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 2nd Edition (2010), Paul A. Young, Paul H. Young,

and Daniel L. Tolbert. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Neuroanatomy, An Atlas of Structures, Sections, and Systems. Duane E. Haines, PhD.

Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Essential Neuroscience, 2nd

Edition. Allan Seigel, PhD; Hreday N Sapru, PhD.

Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ELECTIVE - IIA- HOSPITAL FUNCTION AND SERVICES - II

UNIT I

Clinical nutrition, dietary management, food service area, stock audit, nutritional counseling ,

hospital made enteral feed, food regulation, quality control, patient tray service.

UNIT II

Facilities Engineering – Maintenance of Civil Assets- Electrical supply and water supply –

Medical gas pipeline – plumbing and sanitation – Air conditioning system – Hot water and

steam supply – Communication system – Biomedical engineering department in modern

hospital.


UNIT III

Laundry services – Housekeeping services – Energy conservation methods- Cost containment

measures in a hospital - mortuary services.

UNIT IV

Patient and pharmacy counseling, ambulance - transportation services – handling and

transporting patients, shifting patients – hospital security services – telephone/intercom.

UNIT V

Hospital infection control: Definitions, Hospital infections - importance determinants sources

routes of transmission Principles of Control of Hospital infections. Infection control teams,

Committees, policies and objectives of infection control department.

REFERENCES

1. Hospital and facilities planning and Design - G.D.Kunders

2. Hand Book of Bio-Medical Engineering - Jacob Kline

3. Clinical Engineering Principles and Practices - Webster J.G. and Albert M.Cook

4. Maintenance Planning and Control - Antony Kelly

5. Hospital Engineering in Developing Country - Hans Pfeiff, Veera

6. Park K. Text Book on Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Banarsidas Bhanot.

ELECTIVE - IIB– NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT I

Introduction to the science of nutrition – function of foods and its relation to nutritional and

clinical health, essential nutrients, analysis of food, composition, food habits and food

groups.

UNIT II

Carbohydrates- kinds, functions, food sources. Fats- kinds, functions, food sources, essential

fatty acids and cholesterol. Proteins- kinds, functions, food sources, complete and incomplete

proteins.

UNIT-III

Biological value, Net protein Utilization, Energy Basal metabolism, measurement of BMR,

Factors affecting BMR, regulation of body temperature, energy needs, total energy

requirements, estimation of energy requirements and value of foods. Balanced diet

formulation- Assessment of nutritional status.

UNIT IV

Mineral nutrition: Essential – micro and macro mineral nutrients, distribution, sources,

functions and abnormalities. Vitamins – Definition, classification, sources, distribution,

functions and abnormalities.

UNIT V

Nutrition at various stages of growth and development; diets for infants, children,

adolescents, pregnant women, lactating mothers and older persons. Nutrition challenges of

the future – food production and food storages, future foods, new protein foods, new fat foods

and changing food habits.


REFERENCES

1. Principles of Nutrition & Dietetics.Dr. M. Swaminathan.The Bangalore printing&

publishing Company limited.88, Mysore Road, Bangalore- 560018.

2. Advanced Text Book on Food & Nutrition –Vol. I. Dr.M.Swaminathan, SecondEdition.

3. Advanced Text Book on Food & Nutrition volume-II. Dr. M. Swaminathan,Second

Edition.

4. Normal and Therapeutic Nutrition- Corine Rohinson.

ELECTIVE - IIIA- HOSPITAL ARCHITECTURE AND MAINTENANCE

UNIT I

Hospital as a system: Definition of hospital – classification of hospitals – changing role of

hospitals – role of hospital administrator – hospital as a system – hospital & community.

UNIT II Planning: Principles of planning – regionalization - hospital planning team – planning process

– size of the hospital – site selection – hospital architect – architect report – equipping a

hospital – interiors & graphics – construction & commissioning – planning for preventing

injuries – electrical safety – visualize patient flow (natural and directed).

UNIT III Technical analysis: Assessment of the demand and need for hospital services – factors

influencing hospital utilization – bed planning – land requirements – project cost – space

requirements – hospital drawings & documents-preparing project report.

UNIT IV Hospital standards and design: Building requirement – Entrance & Ambulatory Zone –

Diagnostic Zone – Intermediate Zone – Critical zone – Service Zone – Administrative zone –

List of Utilities – Communication facility – Biomedical equipment Voluntary & Mandatory

standards – General standards – Mechanical standards – Electrical standards – standard for

centralized medical gas system – standards for biomedical waste.

UNIT V Facilities planning: Transport – Communication – Food services – Mortuary – information

system – Minor facilities – others.

REFERENCES 1. Designing for total Quality in Health Care - G.D.Kunders

2. Modern Trends in Planning and Designing of hospitals – Gupta S.K.SunilKant

Chandra Shekhar.R Satpathy

3. Hospital and Nursing Homes Planning, Organizations & Management-Syed Amin Tabish

4. Hospitals, Facilities Planning and Management - G.D.Kunders


ELECTIVE - IIIB– SPORTS BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT I

Sports, Exercise and Games: Introduction, calisthenics, Gymnastics, combative and

swimming; Yogasana and its importance – Padmasana, Vajrasana, Dhunurasana, and

Suryanamaskar;Track and field events – Running and Jumping Team events – Kabaddi.

UNIT II

Skeletal muscle system and metabolic systems in Exercise: Skeletal muscle types; - relation

with different types of activities; strength, power and endurance of muscles;- Muscle

metabolic systems in exercise; Recovery of muscle metabolic systems after exercise.

UNIT III

Cardio respiratory system: Muscle blood flow and cardiac output during exercise;Oxygen

consumption and pulmonary ventilation in exercise; Hypoxia and hypercapnia.

UNIT IV

Physical fitness assessment: Body composition; body fat percentage by skin fold method;

BMI; Ideal weight andassessment of muscle mass.

UNIT V

Nutrition for sports and Exercise: Nutritional considerations for sports person:- Carbohydrate:

Energy source for sports andexercise; carbohydrates composition for pre-exercise, during and

recovery period. Fat: Role as an energy source: effect of fasting and fat ingestion Protein:

Protein requirement during exercise, recovery process and protein supplement.Vitamins: Role

of B-complex vitamins. Minerals: Role of Potassium and sodium.

REFERENCES

1. Health and Physical Education by B.N. Dash, Neelkamal Publications Pvt Ltd.

2. Human physiology and mechanism of disease by Guyton, 5th Edition, W. B.Saunders

Publication.

3. Essentials of food and Nutrition by M. Swaminathan Vol I – II.

4. Food, Nutrition and Diet therapy by Kraure and Mohan, 6th Edition, W. B.Sounders

company, London.

Skill Based Subject IV - BASIC PHARMACOLOGY

UNIT I

Pharmacology in the 20th century – Drugs – Sources, dosage forms and routes of

administration. Absorption, factors modifying drug absorption, distribution, metabolism –

Phase I, II reactions, action of cytochrome P450.

UNIT II

Targets for drug action, receptor proteins, ion channel, control of receptor expression, assay

of drug potency: Chemical, bioassay and immunoassay-Drug tolerance and drug

dependence.


UNIT III

Pharmacokinetics, Adverse response to drugs, drug intolerance, drug allergy, tachyphylaxis,

drug abuse, vaccination against infection, factors modifying drug action and effect.

UNIT IV

Mechanism of action of drugs used in therapy of Respiratory systems – cough, bronchial

asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer chemotherapy, Antimicrobial drugs, bacterial

resistance

UNIT V

Thyroid and anti thyroid drugs, insulin and anti diabetic drugs, anti fertility and ovulation

inducing drugs.

REFERENCES

Pharmacology – 5th edition – H.P.Rang, M.M.Dale, J.M.Ritter, P.K.Moore

The Pharmacology, Volume I and II – Goodman and Gillman

Basic Pharmacology – Foxter Cox. Butterworth’s 1980

Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics – R.S.Satoskar, S.D. Bhandhakam and S.S.

Alinapure

Principles of Medicinal Chemistry – William O.Foye – B.I. Waverks. Pvt. Ltd, New

Delhi

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