Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s...
Transcript of Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s...
![Page 1: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bharat K Pokharel
Peter Branney
Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry
![Page 2: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The main focus
The concept of green jobs in the context of community forestry
The context of community forestry and potential of green jobs in Nepal
Community forestry: Reservoir of green jobs and community forestry
Opportunities and challenges for green jobs
![Page 3: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Jiri, Dolakha 1968
Jiri, Dolakha
2008
Forest conservation
![Page 4: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Timber Bio-Briquette
Essential Oil Resin
Green jobs
![Page 5: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nepali handmade paper
![Page 6: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bel juice
![Page 7: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Product CFUGs (in no.)
Resin 36 Timber 35 Essential oil 25 Handmade paper 21 Bel juice 12 Bio briquette 12 Amala candy 7 Leaf plate 3 Musical instrument 1 Bamboo basket and furniture 2
Wooden mask 1 Allo processing 1 Total 121
An example: Forest based enterprises (n=178)
![Page 8: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Relevance of the concept of green jobs in community forestry
Jobs that reduce the negative environmental impact meet the standards of ‘decent work’
contribute to a low-carbon development
reduce consumption of energy and raw materials;
limit green house gas emission
minimize waste and pollution and protect and
restore ecosystems
The good governance through green jobs – socially inclusive,
targeting women, young and people living in poverty
Contribution of green jobs – MDG One (poverty reduction) and MDG
Seven (protecting the environment) mutually supportive.
Any project should have a low carbon emission technology and practice
Environmentally friendly and climate resilient economy
![Page 9: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The context of community forestry and potential of green jobs in Nepal
15,000 Community Forest User
Groups (CFUGs)
38% of Nepal’s population (1.6 m families)
From running cost of community forestry 30,000 jobs round the year;
From benefits - goods and services 300,000 jobs every year.
![Page 10: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Community forestry: alternative way of creating (green) jobs
Community Forest User Groups create jobs through
Forestry, agriculture and energy
Community infrastructure development
Human and social development
Some examples – Photos and figures
![Page 11: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Contribution of Community Forestry in Creating jobs to reduce poverty and to limit green house gas emission
![Page 12: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1. Increase
forest land
Communities have transferred
barren land into dense forest
Farmers have grown wood and
food together
Communities bear the cost
![Page 13: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Now
Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in 1978
![Page 14: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2. Increase
forest density
and biomass
Community forest density
has increased
![Page 15: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Forest in Mude Nepal after 27 years
1978
NOW
![Page 16: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3. Reduce the
rate of deforestation
and degradation
Communities have been able to
reduce the rate of deforestation and
degradation
![Page 17: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Charikot , Nepal in 1986 and Now
![Page 18: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
4. Conservation
of forests
Local communities and farmers
organised in community groups
have practiced agro-forestry,
afforested degraded land,
conserved forests, biodiversity and
watersheds in a much effective
way
![Page 19: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Gully in Bonch, Nepal after 30 years
1978
NOW
![Page 20: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Suspa, Dolakha 1986
NOW
![Page 21: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Benefit to people living in poverty
17
149
2006 2008
Grant (Rs. '000)
Grant (Rs. '000)
174
506
2006 2008
Soft loan (Rs.'000)
Soft loan (Rs.'000)
3233
6096
2006 2008
Timber (cu.ft.)
Timber (cu.ft.)
181 369
2006 2008
Land (HHs)
Land (HHs)
185 401
2006 2008
Area of land (Ha.)
Area of land (Ha.)
14 154
2006 2008
Scholarship (no.)
Scholarship (no.)
174 209
2006 2008
Employment (person year)
Employment (person year)
601 601
2006 2008
Enterprise (share holder)
Enterprise (share holder)
![Page 22: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Learning
• Recognise the contribution of CF in protecting environment and CREATING GREEN JOBS IN reducing poverty
• Craft clear policy and legal framework, simple procedures and local level institutional mechanisms to reach the poorest households
• Value multiple functions of forests for both climate change adaptation and mitigation that should contribute to green jobs
• Do not divert attention from poverty agenda, instead promote pro-poor governance as the pre-requisite to fight against poverty and climate change
![Page 23: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Opportunities and challenges for green jobs
Opportunities
The World Bank (1989) estimation - NRs 22500 million (22 Arab 50 crore) income annually from sustainable wood harvesting alone (Sowerwine, 1994).
Same amount from non-wood products, e.g. herbs, essential oils, resins, fibers etc.
Challenges
At the moment forestry sector generate only 5% revenue of its potential
Firstly, policy, regularity and institutional constraint
Secondly, inappropriate forest land tenure system for value chain
Finally, forestry sector lacks business services to promote entrepreneurship, enterprises and income earning activities
![Page 24: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1 Enabling Environment for enterprise and business
2 Actors in market (value) chain
Collectors Contractors Processing enterprise Traders Exporters
3 Business service providers
![Page 25: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Challenges cont…. REDD+ in red and second (+) in green
R= Reducing
E= Emission
D= Deforestation
D= Degradation
+ = Conserve forests
R= Rights over forest resources
E= Equitable benefit sharing
D= Devolution of power to communities
D= Democracy at the grass root
+ = Development of forestry sector – wood and food together
![Page 26: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Who invest? And who benefit?
Forestry
Regime
Security
of
tenure
Right
Institu.
performance
Ecological
performance
Contri. to
poverty
reduction
Prospect
of
benefit
from
REDD+
Prospect of
benefit
from CC
adaptation
Government High Low Low Low High Medium
Private High Medium Medium High Medium High
Community
forestry
Low High High High Low High
Leasehold
forestry
LOW High High High Low High
Source: Karky and Banskota, 2009; Mahat, 2010 modified
![Page 27: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
669828
2319587
671445
1316161663
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
Damand Annual
increment @
1.3%
Prescribed
volume
Actual
harvest
Supply to
poor
CHALLENGES OF UNDER UTILISATION
Scenario in Dolakha in 2009 (N=245)
![Page 28: Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney · Bharat K Pokharel Peter Branney Green Jobs from Nepal’s Community Forestry . ... Communities bear the cost . Now Forests in Dadapakhar Nepal in](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070719/5ede8f58ad6a402d6669e2a5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Conclusions
Community forestry has huge potential for green jobs
Creates ‘decent work’ in rural areas
Contribute to a low-carbon development
Sequestrates carbon rerduces emission;
Restore ecosystems and increases community's capacities for adaptation
Promotes socially inclusive governance and improve livelihoods of people living in poverty.
Climate resilient economy
Contributes positively to MDG 1 and 7 directly
But communities are less likely to benefit unless climate change intervention is made community centric