BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology Today: –Course Organization –Intro to Cellular Physiology Next...
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Transcript of BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology Today: –Course Organization –Intro to Cellular Physiology Next...
BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology
• Today: – Course Organization– Intro to Cellular Physiology
• Next Lecture: – Intro to Nervous system
organization and the neuron
Course Organization• Bryan Stewart, Ph.D.
• Lectures – Tuesday & Thursday
• 12 noon (Lec 01)• 1 pm (Lec 02)
• My Office Hours– Tuesday 2-3 pm; Wed 11am-12 noon, S540C– By appointment– Tutorial time slots
Course Organization• Tutorials
– every third Thursday 5-7 pm alternating with BGYB10 and BGYB50
BGYB30 Tutorials– September 9 - cancelled– September 30– October 21– November 11
• Question & Answers• Extended Office Hours
Course Organization
Email: [email protected]
– I cannot answer course related email sent to my regular email address
Communications
Course Organization
• I will try to post lectures 24 hrs in advance
• I reserve the right to add or delete material from the posted notes during the lecture
Lecture Notes
• Textbook– Eckert Animal Physiology 5th Edition, 2001
by Randall, Bruggren, & French, W.H. Freeman and Company.
– All material will be covered in lectures and the text will supplement lectures
– Lecture Topics and sections of the textbook will be posted to webpage
Course Organization
• Evaluation:– Mid-term 40% of final mark– Final exam 60% of final mark
• Multiple choice questions• Short Answer questions
• The final will be comprehensive covering all of the course material
Course Organization
About me…
• BSc 1990– University of Guelph
• MSc 1991, PhD 1996 – University of Toronto, Dept of Physiology
• Fellowships:– 1996-1998 Stanford University– 1998-2001 The Hospital for Sick Children
• Professor at UTSC since July 2001
About me..
• Research Interests – Neurophysiology– Synaptic Transmission– Neuromuscular development
I use fruit flies as a model system to study the molecular mechanisms used in neural function and development
Course Goals:
• Understand the underlying mechanisms that contribute to nerve, muscle, and endocrine function
• Understand the cellular basis for higher order physiological systems
• Appreciate the experimental foundations of physiological knowledge
Teaching Philosophy
• organize material
• explain (hopefully) why it is interesting
• Present a model for how to learn the material
• But it is up to you to learn it!
• Major Course Topics– Neurophysiology– Muscle Physiology– Endocrinology
• Why these three?– Together these systems sense and respond
to the environment
Mamalian Physiology
Physiology
• Physiology – the branch of biology that studies how living things function, especially with respect to the physical and chemical phenomena that are used.
• THAT MEANS…– A little physics, a little chemistry, a little
anatomy…
Intro to Cellular Physiology• The cellular plasma membrane
– Composed of phospholipids & proteins– Selectively permeable barrier
•Lets essential molecules IN•Lets waste products OUT•Maintains cell integrity
Phospholipid bilayer
Gases O2,CO2
Ethanol
H20
Ions : Na+, K+, Ca2+
Sugars: GlucoseAmino AcidsATP
Permeability of pure phospholipid
Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane
1AATP-powered pump
1BTransporters
ATP ADP + Pi
AUniporter
BSymporter
CAntiporter
out
in
Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane
2Ion Channels
AVoltage -gated
BLigand -gated
closed
+
-
closedopen
+
+
ligand
open
Membranevoltage
3G-Protein
Coupled Receptors
Signal transduction
Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane
1. ATP-powered pump
2. Transporters
3. Voltage-gated ion channel
4. Ligand-gated ion channel
5. G-protein couple receptor
• Na+/K+ pump
• Glucose Transporter
• Na+ channel, K+ channel
• Neurotransmitter receptor
• Neurotransmitter & Hormone receptors
Transmembrane Protein Example
Distinctions
1. Pumps and transporters • basal cell function
2. Ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors
• excitation and inhibition of cell function
Question from 2002 final exam
• Identify three major groups of transmembrane proteins discussed in class, indicate how they function, and give examples of how they act to stimulate and inhibit cellular physiology.