B_Fluids and Fluid Types 1-6-04

8/11/2019 B_Fluids and Fluid Types 1-6-04

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Fluids and Fluid Types

Copyright 2003 Schlumberger. Unpublished work. All rights reserved. This work contains confidential and proprietary trade secrets of Schlumberger and maynot be copied or stored in an informational retrieval system, transferred, used, distributed, translated or retransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or

mechanical, in whole or part, without the express written permission of the copyright owner.


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Outline

Importance to SchlumbergerTypes of reservoir fluidsCharacteristics of reservoirs:

Initial production data Laboratory analysis Production history


3/20

3

Objectives

Describe the importance to you and SchlumbergerList the types of oil (5) and gas (3) reservoirhydrocarbons

Describe bubble and dew pointsDescribe the approximate GOR and API gravity foroil and gas

Describe the phase diagram for oil and gas wells


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Importance to SchlumbergerWell loggingWell testingTreatment designProduction prediction


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Phase Diagram of a Typical Black Oil

Black Oil

Critical

Point

P r e s s u r e ,

p s

i a

Separator

Pressure pathin reservoir

Dewpoint line

% Liquid

Temperature, F

?


7/207

Phase Diagram of a Typical Volatile Oil

P r e s s u r e

Temperature, F

Separator

% Liquid

Volatile oil


2

1

3

Criticalpoint


8/208

Phase Diagram of a Typical Retrograde Gas

3

Separator

% Liquid


1

2Retrograde gas

Critical point

P r e s s u r e

Temperature


9/209

Phase Diagram of Typical Wet Gas

P r e s s u r e

Temperature

% Liquid

2

1


Wet gas

Critical

point

Separator


10/2010

Phase Diagram of Typical Dry Gas

P r e s s u r e

Temperature

% Liquid

2

1


Dry gas

Separator


11/2011

The FiveReservoir

Fluids

Black Oil

Criticalpoint

P r e s s u r e ,

p s

i a

Separator

Pressure pathin reservoir Dewpoint line

% Liquid

Temperature, F

P r e s s u r e

Temperature

Separator

% Liquid

Volatile oil


3

2

1

3

Criticalpoint

3

Separator

% Liqu id


1

2Retrograde gas

Criticalpoint P

r e s s u r e

Temperature

P r e s s u r e

Temperature

% Liquid

2

1


Wet gas

Criticalpoint

Separator

P r e s s u r e

Temperature

% Liquid

2

1


Dry gas

Separator

Retrograde Gas Wet Gas Dry Gas

Black Oil Volatile Oil


12/2012

Three Gases - What Are theDifferences?

Dry gas - gas at surface is same as gas inreservoir

Wet gas - recombined surface gas andcondensate represents gas in reservoirRetrograde gas - recombined surface gas

and condensate represents the gas in thereservoir but not the total reservoir fluid(retrograde condensate stays in reservoir)


13/2013

Field Identification

BlackOil

VolatileOil

RetrogradeGas

WetGas

DryGas

InitialProducingGas/LiquidRatio, scf/STB

3200 > 15,000* 100,000*

Initial Stock-Tank LiquidGravity, API

< 45 > 40 > 40 Up to 70 NoLiquid

Color of Stock-Tank Liquid

Dark Colored LightlyColored

Water White

NoLiquid

*For Engineering Purposes


14/2014

Laboratory Analysis

BlackOil

VolatileOil

RetrogradeGas

WetGas

DryGas

PhaseChange in

Reservoir

Bubblepoint Bubblepoint Dewpoint NoPhase

Change

NoPhase

ChangeHeptanesPlus, MolePercent

> 20% 20 to 12.5 < 12.5 < 4* < 0.8*

OilFormationVolumeFactor atBubblepoint

< 2.0 > 2.0 - - -

*For Engineering Purposes


15/2015

0

50000

0 30Heptanes plus in reservoir fluid, mole %

I n i t i a l p r o

d u c

i n g

g a s

/ o i l r a

t i o , s c

f / S T B

Dewpoint gasBubblepoint oil

Retrogradegas

Volatileoil

Wetgas

Drygas

Blackoil

5000


16/2016

Primary Production Trends

G O R

G O R

G O R

G O R

G O R

Time Time Time

TimeTime TimeTimeTime

TimeTime

Noliquid

Noliquid

DryGas

WetGas

RetrogradeGas

VolatileOil

BlackOil

A P I

A P I

A P I

A P I

A P I


17/2017

Exercise 11. Black oil has a lower API gravity than volatile oil. T___ F___

2. A ( wet, dry) gas exists solely as a gas in the reservoir throughout thereduction in reservoir pressure.

3. The hydrocarbon mixture is solely gas in the reservoir and normal surfaceseparator conditions fall outside the phase envelope. (dry or wet gas).

4. (Dry, Wet, Retrograde) gas - gas at surface is same as gas in reservoir

5. (Dry, Wet, Retrograde) - recombined surface gas and condensaterepresents gas in reservoir

6. (Dry, Wet, Retrograde) - recombined surface gas and condensaterepresents the gas in the reservoir but not the total reservoir fluid (retrogradecondensate stays in reservoir)

7. >70 API gravity hydrocarbon is representative of (Black oil, Volatile oil, Wetgas condensate).

8. Black oil has a (higher, lower) Heptane + value than volatile oil.

9. Black oil may contain paraffin and asphaltenes. T___ F___

10. What forms in retrograde gas at the dew point?


18/2018

Exercise 2

Determine Reservoir Fluid TypeFrom Field Data


19/2019

Plot of Exercise 2 Data

00 12 24 36 48 60 72

50

5152

53

5455

605958

57

56

1000009000080000

70000

600005000040000

30000

1000020000

Months since start of 1967

P r o

d u c i n g

g

a s

/ o i l r a

t i o , s

c f / S T B

S t o ck - t ank

l i q ui

d gr avi t y

,AP I


20/20

Exercise 3

Determine Reservoir Fluid TypeFrom Field Data

B_Fluids and Fluid Types 1-6-04

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