CONFIDENTIAL

I,ss

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FINAL EXAMINATIONSEMESTERI

sEssroN 201212013

COURSE NAME

COURSE CODE

PROGRAMME

EXAMINATION DATE

DURATION

INSTRUCTIONS

HYDROLOGY

BFC 32002 / BFC 3092

3 BFF

DECEMBER ^OI2/JANUARY

2AT3

2 HOUR

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

$T o q,

CONFIDBNTIAL

UESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF EIGHT

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

Ql (a) Discuss how characteristics of soil are affecting infiltration.(3 marks)

(b) Sketch an infiltration rate curve. Give comments with respect to "f,.(4 marks)

(c) The isohyet lines are shown in Figure Ql(c). Calculate the averageprecipitation depth within the catchment.

(5 marks)

(d) The cumulative rainfall in the 50 hectare of catchment area is given inTable Ql (d). The surface runoff of the catchment is 40000 m3.

(i) Determine the total rainfall,(ii) Calculate and give comments on index (D,

(iii) Prove that the rainfall excess is 80 ffiffi,(iv) Plot the hyetograph ( with index <D line).

(13 marks)

Q2 (a) Briefly explain the following:(i) Catchment area,(iD Time of concentration.

(5 marks)

(b) Refening to Figure Q2 (b), compute the peak run-off, Qo, fP, a l0-year

storm using Rational Method for a drainage basin of 15 km' and having

the following properties:

i. Stream: length 5000 meter; slope 0.4o ,

ii. Run-off coefficient:o Impervious, 3.0 km2 ; c:0.90,o Grass, 8.0 km2 ; c:0.35,. Wooded,4.0 km2; c:0.25.

Assume that the stream is flowing bank full.(8 marks)

(c) The following data were recorded during a stream-gauging operation in a

river as in Table Q2 (c). Forecast the discharge for this stream by using

the mean section method' (r2 marks)

Q3

Q4

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

(a) With the aid of figure, explain TWO (2) techniques of baseflowseparation.

(5 marks)

(b) (i) Define and illustrate the element of flow/flood routing.(ii) List FOIIR (4) purposes of flood routing.

(8 marks)

(c) Table Q3 gives the inflow and outflow measured for a particular reach

of a river. Analyse whether the Muskingum parameter x for the reach is

0.2 or 0.3.(12 marks)

(a) Outline THREE (3) explanations why groundwater in Malaysia is not

fully utilized.(6 marks)

(b) (i) Define and sketch the unconfined and confined aquifer.(5 marks)

(ii) Unconfined aquifer system at Kota Bharu has the hydraulic

conductivity and transmissivity values about 240 mlday and 1200

m2/day respectively. Calculate the thickness of aquifer.(4 marks)

(c) One production well was constructed and has penentrated unconfined

aquifer at depth 8.8m. The hydraulic conductivity value obtained is 135

mlday. Two monitoring wells were constructed at distance 300 m and

g00 m from the production well. Groundwater levels at monitoring wells

were measured and obtained 0.9m and 1.4m respectively. Compute the

discharge rate of production well in unit m'/s '(10 marks)

S1

S2

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

(a) Bincangkan bagaimana ciri-ciri tanah boleh mempengaruhi penyusupan.(3 markah)

(b) Lakarkan lengkung perkadaran susupan. Berikan komen-komenberkenaanfr.

(4 markah)

(c) Garisan isohyet ditunjukkan dalam Rajah Sl(c). Kirakan kedalaman

purata hujan dalam kawasan tadahan ini.(5 markah)

(d) Kumulatif hujan di dalam kawasan tadahan seluas 50 hektar ditunjukkandi dalam Jadual Sl (d). Jumlah aliran permukaan dalam tadahan iniadalah 40000 m'.

(i) Tentukan jumlah hujan,(ii) Kirakan dan beri komen tentang @ indeks,

(iii) Buktikan bahawa lebihan hujan adalah 80 mm,

(iv) Plotkan hyetograph (dengan menunjukkan garisan (D indeks).(13 markah)

(a) Terangkan secara ringkas yang berikut:(D Kawasan tadahan,(ii) Masa penumpuan.

(b) Berdasarkan Rajah s2 (b), kirakan aliran puncak, Qp,

hujan l0-tah_un menggunakan Kaedah Rasional untuk

t.iuut l5 km2 dan mempunyai ciri-ciri berikut:

(5 markah)

bagi peristiwasaliran tadahan

pengukuran sebatang

kadar alir sungai ini

ii. Sungai: panjang 5000 meter; cerun 0.4oh,

ii. Pekali air larian:o Tidak telap, 3.0 km2 ; c:0.90,. Rumput, 8.0 km2 ; Q:0.35,o Hutan, 4.0 km2; c:0.25.

Anggap bahawa sungai ini mengalirkan air memenuhi seluruh saluran.(8 markah)

(c) Data berikut telah direkodkan semasa operasl

sungai seperti dalam Jadual 52 (c). Ramalkan

menggunakan kaedah keratan purata.(12 markah)

(b) (i)

BFC 32002 /BFC3092

(a) Dengan bantuan rajah, terangkan DUA (2) teknik untuk pengasinganaliran dasar.

(5 markah)

Takrifkan dan gambarkan elemen-elemen untuk penghalaan

aliran/banjir.(ii) Senaraikan EMPAT (4) kepentinganhalaan banjir.

(8 markah)

(c) Jadual 53 (c) memberikan aliran keluar dan aliran masuk yang diukuruntuk jangkauan tertentu sebuah sungai. Analisa jika parameter

Muskingum, r ini menepati 0.2 atau 0.3.(12 markah)

(a) Berikan TIGA (3) penjelasan mengapa air bumi di Malaysia tidakdigunakan sepenuhnya.

(6 markah)

Takrif dan lakarkan akuifer terkurung dan akuifer tak terkurung.(5 markah)

Sistem akuifer terkurung di Kota Bharu mempunyai kekonduksian

hidraulik dan nilai keterusan adalah masing-masing 240 mlhatidan 1200 m2ft:ra'i. Kirakan ketebalan bagi akuifer ini.

(4 markah)

(c) Satu perigi pengeluaran telah dibina dan mempunyai akuifer tak

terkurung tertanam pada kedalam 8.8 m. Nilai kekonduksian hidraulik

adalah 135 m/hari. Dua perigi pemantauan telah dibina pada jarak 300 m

dan 800 m daripada perigi pengeluaran. Paras air bawah tanah di telaga

pemantauan diukur dan didapati masing-masing adalah pada 0.9 m dan

i.+ -. Kirakan kadaralir dalam perigi pengeluaran ini dalam unit m'/s .

( l0 markah)

(b) (D

(ii)

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

APPENDIXLAMPIRAN

FINAL EXAMIN ATION / P E P E RIKSAAN AKHIR

SEMESTER/SESSION : SEMI I 201212013 PROGRAMME : 3 BFFCOURSE NAME : HYDROLOGY COURSE CODE : BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

FIGURESIRAJAH-RAJAH

-5 km

FIGURE Ql(c)RAJAH Ql(c)

II

4m -?

I

FIGIJRE Q2(b) : Cross section of streamRAJAH Q2(b) : Kerstsn rentas bagi sungai

5 krn

p = 60 rnrn. 1-

\7 -\

P=

P=50mm

\{0 mm I

p=30mrn

\, k ,

I\

\

\\\ \J

\\

1.3 m

LE

F-dIE*a.lahAEq)*.JE

5

4.5

4

5

3

5

2

5

1

0.5

0

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

Duration (minutes)

FIGURB Q2(bXiD: Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curveRAJAH Q2 (b) (ii) : Le ngkung Ke amatan-Temp o h- Fre k ue nsi (ID F)

TABLESIJADUAL-TADUAL

TABLE Q2 (c): Stream-gauging datat

\ *2$years-+l})@rs\

\ \ )--ts'

\

-.-7

Table Ql (d)Jadual S

Time (hour)Masa (iam)

I 2.tJ 4 5

Cumulative rainfallKumulatif huian

(mm)l4 40 80 100 110

JADaAL 52 k): Data sun

Distance from the leftof water edge

Jorak dari kiri sisi air(m)

DepthKedalaman

(m)

VelocityHalaju(m/s)

0.2d 0.8d

0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0

1.5 2.20 0.8 0.9

3.0 2.50 r.2 1.5

4.5 2.40 1.1 0.8

6.0 2.r8 0.9 0.7

7.5 2.tl 0.5 0.6

9.0 0.00 0.0 0.0

BFC 32002 I BFC 3092

Time (hours)Masa (iam)

InflowsAliran Masuk

(m3/s)

0utflowsAliran Keluar

(m3/s)

2 110 110

4 380 120

6 680 2408 530 490

l0 420 500

t2 330 428

l4 240q 357

l6 150 300

18 105 250

20 10 170

TABLE Q3: The inflow and outflow of a riverJADUAL 53: Aliran mosuk dan aliran keluar bagi sebuah sungai

E O UATI ON S/PERS.4/I44,4N

IndexO:P-Rt

Q: AV V: (R'o; 1st/21ln R: a/p t:LN

sz=s,+^,[+-+i xt+(t-xP2 2l

Q =2rbK h"- hl,

n(,,/\\/\)