BETTY NEUMAN THEORY.doc

8/18/2019 BETTY NEUMAN THEORY.doc

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CREDENTIALS & BACKGROUND OF THE THEORIST

Betty Neumen was born n!"#$ near Lowe%% O'o(

!"$)* Earne+ D,%oma n Nursn- wt' +oub%e 'onors n ,eo,%e 'os,ta% s.'oo% o/

Nursn-0Now -enera% 'os,ta% 1 n A2ron O'o( !"3)* Ba..a%aureate +e-ree n nursn- ,ub%. 'ea%t' & 4sy.'o%o-y

!"55* 6aster +e-ree n 6enta% 'ea%t' ,ub%. 'ea%t .onsu%tat7e /rom t'e

Un7ersty o/ Ca%/orna at Los An-e%s 0UCLA1(

!"83* Do.tora% +e-ree n C%n.a% ,sy.'o%o-y /rom 4a./. 9estern Un7ersty

San Fernan+s CA(

Neumen was a ,oneer o/ nursn- n7o%7ement n menta% 'ea%t'( S'e re/ne+ menta%'ea%t' 4ro-ramme /or ,ost master %e7e% nurses at UCLA

Her nursn- ba.2-roun+ n.%u+es wor2 n ,ub%. 'ea%t' s.'oo% n+ustry & Hos,ta%

settn-(

4ra.t.e+ as a sta// 'ea+ nurse S.'oo% nurse In+ustra% nurse Nurse .ounse%or

& as ,ro/essor at UCLA( Consu%tant to e+u.atona% & ,ra.t.e Insttute(

4ra.t.e+ as a %.ense+ .%n.a% marra-e & /am%y t'era,st(

Consu%tant Internatona%%y /or nursn- S.'oo%s(

S'e was a%so n7o%7e+ n .%n.a% tea.'n- n t'e areas o/ me+.a% sur-.a% .ommun.ab%e+sease & .rt.a% .are be.ause s'e 'a+ a%ways been ntereste+ n 'uman be'a7or ( T'en

'e%,e+ to estab%s' & mana-e 'er 'usban+:s obstetr.a% & -yne.o%o-.a% ,ra.t.e (

S'e +e7e%o,e+ 'er /rst e;,%.t tea.'n- & ,ra.t.e mo+e% /or menta% 'ea%t' .onsu%taton

n t'e %ate !"5


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THEORETICAL SOURCES

T'e Neuman system mo+e% s base+ on Genera% System t'eory( T's t'eory

re/%e.ts t'e nature o/ %7n- or-ansm as o,en systems(

A%% e%ements n a .om,%e; or-an?aton are n ntera.tons(

T'e Neuman system mo+e% 'as some sm%arty to gestalt theory.

T'e Gesta%t a,,roa.' .ons+ers t'e n+7+ua% as a /un.ton o/ t'e or-ansm @

en7ronmenta% /e%+ & 7ew be'a7or as re/%e.ton o/ re%ate+ness wt'n t'at /e%+(

Neuman +es.rbes a+ustment as t'e ,ro.ess by w'.' t'e or-ansm sats/es ts nee+s(

Be.ause many nee+s e;st an+ ea.' may +sturb .%ent ba%an.e 0or1 stab%ty t'ea+ustment ,ro.ess s +ynam. an+ .ontnuous

A%% %/e s .'ara.ter?e+ by 's on-on- nter,%ay o/ ba%an.e & mba%an.e wt' t'eor-ansms(

Neuman +es.rbes t'e ,erson as 'a7n- a .ore t'at s ,rote.te+ by bu//ern- systems( T'e

/our 2ey .on.e,ts +es.rbe ntera.ton o/ t'e ,erson wt' t'e en7ronmenta% stressors t'at+etermne 'ea%t' status(

T'e mo+e% s a%so +er7e+ /rom t'e philosophical views of Pierreteihard Dechardin & Bernard Marxist Philosophy suggests that the properties of parts are determined partly

by the larger wholes within dynamically organized systems.

Dechardin’s Philosophy states wholeness of life.to see2 0or1 mantan a ba%an.e amon- t'e 7arous /a.tors bot' wt'n an+ ou Neuman

.on/rme+ t'at t'e ,atterns o/ t'e w'o%e n/%uen.e awareness o/ t'e ,art(

S'e use+ !an’s selye’s definition of stress" w'.' s t'e nons,e./. res,onse o/ t'e bo+y to any +eman+ ma+e on t( Stress n.reases t'e +eman+ /or rea+ustment( T's+eman+ s non s,e./.> t reures a+a,taton to a ,rob%em(

T'e +ea% s to a.'e7e o,tma% system stab%ty( Han se%ye 0!"8


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*Se.on+ary ,re7enton @ re+u.e t'e e/ee.ts or ,ossb%e e//e.t o/ stressors t'rou-'

ear%y +a-noss & treatment(

*Tertary ,re7enton* Re+u.es t'e res+ua% stressors e//e.t a/ter treatment(

T'e Neuman system mo+e% s synt'ess o/ 2now%e+-e /rom se7era% s.en.e +s.,%nes

an+ a%so n.or,orates Neuman:s ,'%oso,'. be%e/s an+ ear%er .%n.a% nursn-e;,eren.e ,art.u%ar%y n menta% 'ea%t' nursn-(

T'e Neuman systems mo+e% o/ .onssts # maor .om,onents are stress an+ t'erea.ton to stress ( T'e .%ent n t'e Neuman systems mo+e%s s 7ewe+ as an o,en system

n w'.' re,eate+ .y.%es o/

T'e Neuman system mo+e% +a-ram ,resent t'e maor as,e.ts o/ t'e mo+e%

4'yso%o-.a%

4sy.'o%o-.a%

So.o .u%tura%

De7e%o,menta% an+ S,rtua% 7arab%es Bas. stru.ture & Ener-y resour.es


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Or-na%%y %oo2e+ em,r.a% su,,ort(

!""3* Resear.' Sur7ey +ent/e+ near%y !


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Create+ en7ronment

Stressor

Lnes o/ +e/enseResstan.e

De-ree o/ rea.ton

4re7enton as nter7entonRe.onsttuton

9HOLISTIC CLIENT A44ROACH

T'e Neuman system mo+e% s a +ynam. o,en system a,,roa.' to .%ent .are or-na%%y

+e7e%o,e+ to ,ro7+e a un/yn- /o.us /or nursn- ,rob%em +e/nton an+ /or best

un+erstan+n- t'e .%ent n ntera.ton wt' t'e en7ronment( T'e .%ent as a system may be +e/ne+ as ,erson /am%y -rou, .ommunty 0or1

ssue(

WHOLISTIC CONCEPT C%ents are 7ewe+ as w'o%eness w'ose ,arts are n

+ynam. ntera.ton( T'e mo+e% .ons+ers a%% 7arab%es smu%taneous%y a//e.tn- t'e

.%ent system

!( 4'yso%o-.a%#( 4sy.'o%o-.a%

( So.o * Cu%tura%

$( De7e%o,menta%

3( S,rtua%(T'ese 7arab%es 'a7e a bas. .ore stru.ture unue to n+7+ua% but .ommon to a%% 'uman

ben-s

OPEN SYSTEM:

A system s o,en w'en ts e%ements are e;.'an-n- n/ormaton ener-y wt'n ts

.om,%e; or-an?aton>

Stress an+ rea.ton to stress are bas. .om,onents o/ an o,en system(

ENVIRONMENT

Interna% an+ e;terna% /or.es a//e.tn- an+ ben- a//e.te+ by t'e .%ent at any tme

.om,rse t'e en7ronment(

CREATED ENVIRONMENT:

T'e .reate+ en7ronment s t'e .%ent:s un.ons.ous mob%?aton o/ a%% system

7arab%es towar+ system nte-raton stab%ty an+ nte-rty(

CONTENT :

T'e /7e 7arab%es 0 4'yso%o-.a% ,sy.'o%o-.a% so.o* .u%tura% +e7e%o,menta% an+

s,rtua% 1 o/ man n ntera.ton wt' t'e en7ronment .om,rse t'e w'o%e system o/ t'e

.%ent(

BASIC STRUCTURE

T'e bas. stru.ture .onssts o/ a%% 7arab%es as sur77a% /a.tors .ommon to mansu.'

as nnate or -enet. /a.tors w'.' s unue to t'e n+7+ua%(

T'e nner .r.%e o/ t'e +a-ram re,resents t'e bas. sur77a% /a.tors or ener-y


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PROCESS (OR) FUNCTION

T'e e;.'an-e o/ matter ener-y an+ n/ormaton wt' an en7ronment an+ t'entera.ton o/ t'e ,arts an+ sub @ ,arts o/ t'e system o/ man(

A %7n- system ten+s to mo7e towar+ w'o%eness stab%ty we%%ness an+ ne-entro,y

INPUT AND OUTPUT

T'e matter ener-y an+ n/ormaton e;.'an-e+ between man an+ en7ronment

w'.' s entern- 0or1 %ea7n- t'e system at any ,ont n tme

FEED BACK :

T'e ,ro.ess wt'n w'.' t'e matter ener-y an+ n/ormaton as system out ,ut

,ro7+es /ee+ba.2 /or .orre.t7e a.ton to .'an-e en'an.e 0or1 stab%?e t'e system

NEGENTROPY:

A ,ro.ess o/ ener-y ut%?aton t'at assst system ,ro-resson towar+ stab%ty 0or1

we%% ness( ENTROPY A ,ro.ess o/ ener-y +e,%eton an+ +sor-an?aton t'at mo7es t'e system towar+ %%ness

0 or1 ,ossb%e +eat'(

STABILITY: T'e .%ent 0or1 a system su..ess/u%%y .o,es wt' stressors( It s ab%e

to mantan an a+euate %e7e% o/ 'ea%t'(Fun.tona% 'armony 0 or1 ba%an.e ,reser7es t'e

nte-rty o/ t'e system

STESSORS

Stressors are en7ronmenta% /or.es t'at may a%ter system stab%ty(

Neuman 7ews stressors as Intra,ersona% /or.es o..urrn- wt'n t'e n+7+ua% E;Con+tone+ res,onses0 An-er

Fear1

Inter,ersona% /or.es o..urrn- between one 0or1 more n+7+ua%sE; Ro%e e;,e.tatons 0C'%+ rearn- ,ra.t.es1

Intra,ersona% /or.es o..urrn- outs+e t'e n+7+ua%

E; Fnan.a% .r.umstan.es

Stressors are =stmu% w'.' m-'t ,enetrate bot' .%ent:s /%e;b%e an+ norma% %nes o/+e/ense> bot' ,otenta% out.ome o/ an ntera.ton wt' a stressor may be bene/.a%

0,ost7e1 or no;ous 0ne-at7e1(

9e%%ness e;sts w'en t'e ,arts o/ t'e .%ent system ntera.t n 'armony(

System nee+s are met(

ILLNESS

T'e Ds'armony amon- t'e a ,arts o/ t'e system s .ons+ere+ %%ness n 7aryn-+e-rees re/%e.tn- unmet nee+s(


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NORMAL LINE OF DEFENSE

T'e norma% %ne o/ +e/ense s t'e mo+e%:s outer so%+ .r.%e

It re,resent s a stab%ty state or eu%brum state /or t'e n+7+ua% system or t'e.on+ton /o%%own- a+ustment ma+e to stressors an+ mantane+ o7er tme t'at s

.ons+ere+ unue%y norma%(

T's s a resu%t or .om,oste o/ se7era% 7arab%es an+ be'a7ors su.' as t'en+7+ua%:s usua% %e7e% o/ we%%ness n.%u+es .o,n- ,atterns %/esty%e an+ +e7e%o,menta%

sta-e>

NORMAL LINE OF DEFENCE

It s bas.a%%y t'e way n w'.' an n+7+ua% .o,es wt' stressors w'%e

/un.tonn- wt'n .u%tura% ,attern o/ brt' an+ to w'.' 'e attem,ts to .on/orm(

FLEXIBLE LINES OF DEFENCE

It s +ynam. an+ .an be ra,+%y a%tere+ o7er a s'ort tme(

It s ,er.e7e+ as a ,rote.t7e bu//er /or ,re7entn- stressors /rom brea2n-

t'rou-' t'e so%+ %ne o/ +e/ense(

T'e re%atons', o/ t'e 7arab%es .an a//e.t t'e +e-ree to w'.' n+7+ua%s are

ab%e to use t'er /%e;b%e %ne o/ +e/ense a-anst ,ossb%e rea.ton to a stressor or

stressors su.' as %oss o/ s%ee,(


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It s m,ortant to stren-t'en t's /%e;b%e %ne o/ +e/ense to ,re7ent a ,ossb%e

rea.ton(

LINES OF RESISTANCE:

ð T'e seres o/ bro2en rn-s surroun+n- t'e bas. .ore stru.ture are .a%%e+ t'e lines of resistance(

ð T'ese rn-s re,resent resour.e /a.tors or nterna% /a.tors t'at 'e%, t'e .%ent +e/en+

a-anst a stressor( E; T'e bo+y:s mmune res,onse system

DEGREE OF REACTION

ð t'e +e-ree o/ rea.ton s t'e amount o/ system nstab%ty resu%tn- /rom stressor

n7ason o/ t'e norma% %ne o/ +e/ense(

DEGREE OF REACTION

It s +etermne+ by t'e tmn- ty,e an+ stren-t' o/ t'e stressors as we%% as by t'e

,ersons bas. .ore stru.ture e;,eren.es a7a%ab%e ener-y resour.es & t'e ,er.e,ton o/ t'e stressors(

PREVENTION AS INTERVENTION

Inter7entons are ,ur,ose/u% a.tons to 'e%, t'e .%ent retan attan an+or mantansystem stab%ty( T'ey .an o..ur be/orea/ter ,rote.t7e %nes o/ +e/ense an+ resstan.e

are ,enetrate+ n bot' rea.ton an+ re.onsttuton ,'ases( Neuman su,,orts be-nnn-

nter7enton w'en a stressor s et'er sus,e.te+ or +ent/e+( Inter7entons are base+ on ,ossb%e or a.tua% +e-ree o/ rea.ton resour.es -oa%s an+ t'e ant.,ate+ out.ome(

Neuman +ent/es t'ree %e7e%s o/ nter7enton( 4rmary Se.on+ary an+ tertary(

PRIMARY PREVENTION:

ð 4rmary ,re7enton s .arre+ out w'en a stressor s sus,e.te+ 0 or1 +ent/e+

Neuman states = T'e a.tor 0 or1 nter7enton wou%+ ,er'a,s attem,t to re+u.et'e ,ossb%ty o/ t'e n+7+ua%:s en.ounter wt' t'e stressor 0 or1 n some way attem,t

to stren-t'en t'e n+7+ua%:s en.ounter wt' t'e stressor 0 or 1 attem,t to stren-t'en t'e

n+7+ua%:s /%e;b%e %ne o/ +e/ense to +e.rease t'e ,ossb%ty o/ a rea.ton(E-( 4re,arn- s,e.a% +et /or mot'er w'o breast /ee+s 'er n/ant(

SECONDARY PREVENTION

ð Se.on+ary ,re7enton n7o%7es nter7entons 0or1 treatment ntate+ a/ter

sym,toms /rom stress 'a7e o..urre+(

ð Bot' t'e .%ent:s nterna% an+ e;terna% resour.es wou%+ be use+ towar+ system

stab%?aton to stren-t'en nterna% %nes o/ resstan.e re+u.e t'e rea.ton an+n.rease resstan.e /a.tors .%ent(E-( Counse%n- a -re7n- .%ent(


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TENTIARY PREVENTION

³ Tertary ,re7enton o..urs a/ter t'e a.t7e treatment 0 or 1 se.on+ary ,re7enton sta-e

³ It /o.uses on rea+ustment towar+ o,tma% .%ent system stab%ty

³ A ,rmary -oa% s to 'e%, ,re7ent re.urren.e o/ rea.ton 0 or1 re-resson

³ T's ,ro.ess %ea+s ba.2 n a .r.u%ar /as'on towar+ ,rmary ,re7entonE; A7o+an.e o/ stressor 2nown to be 'a?ar+s to t'e .%ent 'a?ar+ous to t'e .%ent

RECONSTITUION:

³ Re.onsttuton s t'e state o/ a+a,taton to stressors n t'e nterna% an+ e;terna%

en7ronment(

³ It .an be-n at any +e-ree 0or1 %e7e% rea.ton an+ may ,ro-ress beyon+ 0 or1 stab%?e

somew'at be%ow t'e .%ent:s ,re7ous norma% %ne o/ +e/ense(

³ In.%u+e+ n re.onsttuton are

Inter,ersona%

Intra,ersona%E;tra ,ersona%En7ronmenta% /a.tors nterre%ate+ wt' .%ent system ,'yso%o-.a% ,sy.'o%o-.a% so.o

*.u%tura% +e7e%o,menta% an+ s,rtua% 7arab%es

Nursn- nter7enton

Neu!" #el!$e% $&e%e '#ee"$*" leel% $* "u#%"g " $&e +*ll*,"g !""e#

!( 4rmary ,re7enton n7o%7es @ .ountera.ton 'arm/u% en7ronmenta% stressors be/ore o..urren.e o/ %%ness(


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#( Se.on+ary ,re7enton attem,ts* to re+u.e t'e e//e.t 0 or 1 ,ossb%e e//e.t o/

stressors t'rou-' ear%y +a-nost. & e//e.t7e treatment o/ %%ness sym,toms(

( Tertary ,re7enton attem,ts @ to re+u.e t'e res+ua% stressor e//e.ts a/tertreatment(

6AOR ASSU64TIONS

6AOR ASSU64TIONS REGARD THE FOUR BASICS AS

NURSING

4ERSON

HEALTH

ENJIRON6ENT

ARE AS FOLLO9S

NURSING :

³ Neuman be%e7es nursn- s .on.erne+ wt' t'e w'o%e ,erson( S'e 7ews nursn- as a

u"-ue '#*+e%%*" " $&!$ $ % .*".e#"e/ ,$& !ll *+ $&e !#!0le% !++e.$"g !""//u!l1% #e%'*"%e $* %$#e%%2 S'e 'as +e7e%o,e+ an assessment an+ nter7enton

too% to 'e%, wt' t's tas2(

PERSON

³ T'e Neuman systems mo+e% ,resent:s t'e .on.e,t o/ ,erson as a .%ent system t'at

may be an n+7+ua% /am%y -rou, .ommunty 0 or1 so.a% ssue(

³ T'e .%ent system s +ynam. .om,oste o/ nterre%atons', amon- ,'yso%o-.a%

,sy.'o%o-.a% so.o* .u%ture +e7e%o,menta% & s,rtua% /a.tors(

³ T'e .%ent system s 7ewe+ as ben- n .onstant .'an-e 0or1 moton an+ s seen as ano,en system n re.,ro.a% ntera.ton wt' t'e en7ronment(

HEALTH

ð Neuman .ons+ers 'er wor2 as a we%%ness mo+e%( S'e 7ews 'ea%t' as a

.ontnuum o/ we%% ness to %%ness t'at s +ynam. n nature an+ .onstant%y sube.t

to .'an-e( Harmony or ba%an.e o/ a%% t'e ,arts an+ sub,arts t'e .%ent systems

ð O,tma% we%%ness 0or1 stab%ty n+.ates t'at tota% system nee+s are ben- met (

A re+u.e+ state o/ we%%ness s t'e resu%t o/ unmet system nee+s(

ð T'e .%ent s n a +ynam. state o/ et'er we%%ness 0or1 %%ness n 7aryn- +e-rees

at any -7en ,ont n tme(

ENVIRONEMENT:


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³ En7ronment an+ man are +ent/e+ as t'e bas. ,'enomena o/ t'e Neuman system

mo+e% wt' t'e re%atons', between en7ronment an+ man ben- re.,ro.a%(

³ En7ronment s +e/ne+ as ben- a%% t'e nterna% an+ e;terna% /a.tors t'at surroun+ 0 or1

ntera.t wt' man .%ent

³ S-n/.ant to t'e .on.e,t o/ en7ronment are stressor 0 Intra Inter E;tra ,ersona% 1

w'.' are +ent/e+ as en7ronment /or.es t'at ntera.t wt' an+ ,otenta%%y a%ter system

stab%ty(

Neuman 'as +ent/e+ re%e7ant en7ronments

Interna% En7ronmentE;terna% En7ronment

Create+ En7ronment

³ I"$e#"!l E"#*"e"$ * T'at s Intra,ersona% wt' a%% ntera.ton .ontane+ wt'n t'e

.%ent

³ E3$e#"!l E"#*"e"$* s Inter,ersona% 0 or1 ntra,ersona% wt' a%% ntera.tons

o..urrn- outs+e t'e .%ent(

³ C#e!$e/ E"#*"e"$ * s ,rmary ntra,ersona% but a%so en.om,asses t'e e;terna%

en7ronment t'at s sub.ons.ous%y +e7e%o,e+ by t'e .%ent as a = Symbo%. e;,resson

o/ system w'o%eness

THEORETICAL ASSERTIONS

T'eoret.a% assertons are t'e re%atons amon- t'e essenta% .on.e,ts o/ a mo+e%(

NURSE An a.t7e ,art.,ant wt' t'e .%ent an+ as .on.erne+ wt' a%% t'e7arab%es a//e.tn- an n+7+ua%:s res,onse to stressors(

CLIENT He ntera.ts wt' t'e en7ronment by a+ustn- 'mse%/ to t or

a+ustn- t to 'mse%/(

4RO4OSITIONS

• A%t'ou-' ea.' n+7+ua% .%ent or -rou, as a .%ent system s unue ea.' system

s a .om,oste o/ .ommon 2nown /a.tors or nnate .'ara.terst.s wt'n anorma% -7en ran-e o/ res,onse .ontane+ wt'n a bas. stru.tures(

• 6any 2nown un2nown an+ un7ersa% en7ronmenta% stressors e;st( Ea.' +//ers

n ts ,otenta% /or +sturbn- a .%ent:s usua% stab%ty %e7e% or norma% %ne o/

+e/ense(

• T'e norma% %ne o/ +e/ense .an be use+ as a stan+ar+ /rom w'.' to measure

'ea%t' +e7aton(

• T'e nterre%atons',s o/ 7arab%es +etermnes t'e nature an+ +e-ree o/ system

rea.ton or ,ossb%e rea.ton to t'e stressors


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• T'e .%ent w'et'er n a state o/ we%%ness or %%ness s a +ynam. .om,oste o/

nterre%atons',s o/ 7arab%es( 9e%%ness s on a .ontnuum o/ a7a%ab%e ener-y to

su,,ort t'e system n an o,tma% state o/ system stab%ty(

• Im,%.t wt'n ea.' .%ent system are nterna% resstan.e /a.tors 2nown as %nes o/

resstan.e(

• T'e -oa% o/ 'ea%t' ,romoton s n.%u+e+ n ,rmary ,re7enton• Se.on+ary ,re7enton re%ates to sym,tomato%o-y /o%%own- a rea.ton to stressors(

• Tertary ,re7enton re%ates to t'e a+ust7e ,ro.esses ta2n- ,%a.e as

re.onsttuton mantenan.e /a.tor ba.2 to ,rmary ,re7enton(

• C%ent system s n +ynam. .onstant ener-y e;.'an-e wt' t'e en7ronment(

ACCE4TANCE B THE NURSING CO66UNIT

• T'e Neuman mo+e% 'as attane+ a..e,tan.e t'rou-'out t'e wor%+ & 4ro7+es an

+ea% /ramewor2(

• T'e mo+e% 'as been a+o,te+ eua%%y we%% to a%% %e7e%s o/ nursn- e+u.aton & to a

w+e 7arety o/ ,ra.t.e areas(

PRACTICE

Nurse /a.%tate -oa% +re.te+ un/e+ w'o%st. a,,roa.'es to .%ent .are(

6u%t+s.,%nary a,,roa.'es to ,re7ent /ra-mentaton o/ .%ent .are(

C%ass/.aton o/ stressors t'at .an be un+erstoo+ & use+ by a%% members o/ t'e

'ea%t' .are team(

Su..ess/u%%y use+ n many settn-s* Hos,ta% Nursn- 'omes Re'ab%taton

.entre Hos,.es &C'%+ brt' .entre(

NEU6AN SSTE6 6ODEL AND NURSING 4ROCESS

Neuman 0!"8#!""31 ,resents t'ree ste, nursn- ,ro.ess(

Nu#%"g /!g"*%e% Data base +ent/.aton o/ 7aran.es 'y,ot'et.a% nter7entonsNu#%"g g*!l%: .are -7er @ .%ent ne-otaton o/ nter7entons to retan attan or

mantan system stab%ty

Nu#%"g Ou$.*e%: m,%ementaton an+ e7a%uaton ,ro.ess(

EDUCATION

Its 9'o%st. ,ers,e.t7e ,ro7+es an e//e.t7e /ramewor2 /or e+u.aton o/

nursn- stu+ents(

Use+ /or .urr.u%um +e7e%o,ment(

T's mo+e% s use+ as a .om,re'ens7e /ramewor2 to or-an?e +ata .o%%e.ton(

Le7e%s o/ ,re7enton as nter7enton are use+ to %e7e% .ontent t'rou-'out .ourses

a.ross t'e .urr.u%um( T'e mo+e% 'as +emonstrate+ ts e//e.t7eness n su,,ortn- t'e .on.e,tua%

transton amon- %e7e%s o/ nursn- e+u.aton(

T'e mo+e% enab%e+ stu+ents to stu+y se%e.te+ .%ent ,o,u%atons as '-' rs2 an+

to ,%an 'ea%t' ,re7enton a.t7tes(

T'e mo+e%:s em,'ass on w'o%sm system ,re7enton an+ we%%ness ,rom,te+

CA4TE to a+o,t t(


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T's mo+e% s use+ to ,ro7+e t'e .on.e,tua% /rame wor2 /or mu%t,%e %e7e%s o/

nursn- an+ 'ea%t' re%ate+ .urr.u%a aroun+ t'e wor%+(

A..e,tan.e by t'e nursn- .ommunty s .%ear%y e7+ent(

RESEARCH

Neuman re,orts t'at 'er mo+e% s one o/ t'e t'ree most /reuent%y use+ mo+e%s/or nursn- resear.'(

!"8) $# stu+es(

!"8"*!"" more t'an !


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SIMPLICITY

6u%t,%e ntera.tons an+ nterre%atons',s or-an?e+ n a .om,%e; yet %o-.a% manner

ten+ to o7er%a, to some +e-ree(Usn- t'e ,re7enton .on.e,t wt'n t'e /ramewor2 one .an ,re+.t t'e or-n o/

stressors(

Nurses are usn- t'e mo+e% +es.rbe t as easy to un+erstan+ an+ to use a.ross .u%turesan+ n a w+e 7arety o/ settn-s(

GENERALITY

T's mo+e% 'as been use+ n a w+e 7arety o/ nursn- stuatons> t s rea+%y

a+a,tab%e an+ .om,re'ens7e enou-' to be use/u% n a%% 'ea%t' .are settn-s

n.%u+n- a+mnstraton an+ resear.'(

T'e so.a% -oa%s an+ ut%ty o/ t'e mo+e% @ /or e;am,%e 9'o%st. .are

,re7enton an+ system .on.e,ts are .on-ruent wt' ,resent so.a% 7a%ues(

EMPRICAL PRECISION

Contnue+ testn- an+ re/nement w%% n.rease t'e mo+e%:s em,r.a% ,re.son ast'e resear.' ,ro.ess ana%yss an+ synt'ess o/ /n+n-s /rom mu%t,%e stu+es are

.om,%ete+(

DERIVABLE CONSE4UENCES

T'e /o.us on ,rmary ,re7enton an+ nter +s.,%nary .are /a.%tes m,ro7e+ ua%ty

o/ .are an+ s /uturst.( It s ,otenta% to -enerate nursn- t'eores %2e t'eores o/ o,tma%

.%ent stab%ty (T'e mo+e% s broa+ an+ system.a%%y base+(

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