Betty Neuman

SYSTEMS MODEL

Betty Neuman

Born 1924 near Lowell, Ohio

1947,received RN Diploma from Peoples Hospital School of Nursing, Akron, Ohio

1957, she attended University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) with double major in psychology and public health

Betty Neuman

1966, received BS in Nursing in UCLA In 1972 her model was first published as a “Model for teaching total person approach to patient problems” in Nursing Research. In 1985 she received her doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Pacific Western University. 1988, received second honorary doctorate - this one from Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan.

Neuman’s Systems Model

“Health is a condition in which

all parts and subparts are in

harmony with the whole of the client.”

Neuman’s Systems Model

Influences of Systems Model

- the philosophy of writers such as deChardin

- Gestalt theory

- General Adaptation Syndrome

- General Systems Theory

Neuman’s Systems Model

Goal of the Systems Theory

to provide a holistic overview of the physiological, psychological, sociocultural and developmental aspects of human beings.

Neuman’s Systems Model

Neuman’s Model and Nursing

Metaparadign - PERSON

The person is a layered multidimensional being. Each layer consists of five person variables or subsystems.

- Physical / Physiological

- Psychological

- Socio-cultural

- Developmental

- Spiritual

CORE Lines of Resistance

Normal Line of Defense

Flexible Line of Defense

CORE

Normal Line of Defense Normal Line of Defense Normal Line of Defense

Neuman’s Systems Model

Stressors

• Intrapersonal – occur within person

• Interpersonal – occur between individuals

• Extrapersonal – occur outside the individual

Neuman’s Systems Model

Primary

- occurs before the system reacts to a stressor

Secondary

- occurs after the system reacts to a stressor

Tertiary

- occurs after the system has been treated through

secondary prevention strategies.

Neuman’s Systems Model

Neuman’s Model and Nursing

Metaparadign - Environment

can be internal, external, and created force (stressors) that interacts with a person’s state of health

has the potential to alter or improve stability of systems

Neuman’s Systems Model

Neuman’s Model and NursingMetaparadign - Health

- dynamic condition

- equated with stability of normal line of defense

- Wellness exists when all the part or system of person works harmoniously

Neuman’s Systems Model

Neuman’s Model and NursingMetaparadign - Nursing

- a unique profession that requires holistic approach – considers all factors affecting a client’s health

- aims to promote optimal wellness to its client through retention, attainment, or maintenance of the stability of client’s system