BETSY SKRIP thereby reducing air flow. Creation of this ... fileBETSY SKRIP MFA, Medical...
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IMAGING THE AIRWAYS 3D Modeling of a Complete Respiratory Airway for Use in Computational Flow Dynamics Studies of Par ticle Deposition in the Lungs American Cancer Society ® DR. RISA ROBINSON Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering 585-475-6445 [email protected] http://people.rit.edu/~rjreme/banner.htm BETSY SKRIP MFA, Medical Illustration Class of 2008 Bronchi Generations 6-19 Respiratory Membrane JESSICA WEISMAN MFA, Medical Illustration Class of 2007 Larynx, Acinus JACKIE RUSSO MFA, Mechanical Engineering Class of 2007 Oral Cavity, Trachea, Main Bronchi, Bronchi Generations 2-5 DR. RICHARD DOOLITTLE Professor and Head Allied Health Sciences Department 716-475-2978 [email protected] http://people.rit.edu/rldsbi MENTORS MODELERS SPONSOR ACINUS ORAL CAVITY BRONCHI GEN 6-19 TRACHEA MAIN BRONCHI BRONCHI GEN 2-5 LARYNX METHODS THE MODEL FUTURE RESEARCH MAYA TO CFD MAYA VP SCULPT SOLID WORKS FLUENT REFINEMENT • Reducing faces • Smoothing • Trimming and deleting edges MODELING Can create more organically shaped models than engineering CAD programs. Models are more modifiable, meaning they can be altered to represent different disease states (e.g., asthma). CONVERSION & MEASUREMENTS Converts the model from a surface texture to a closed-volume, solid model. The model created in Solid Works represents the volume of air inside the airway. Measurements are made to ensure that the dimensions of the model are defined and accurate. COMPUTATIONAL FLOW DYNAMICS • Flow Analysis • Particle Deposition MODELING THE BRONCHIAL TREE Using data from Models of the human bronchial tree, we plan to eventually create a complete model of the entire respiratory tract. This will involve modeling one complete pathway for all lobes of both the left and right lungs. PATHOLOGICAL COMPARISONS The next model to be created will be the airway of an asthmatic. Bronchial tubes in asthmatic sufferers are constricted, thereby reducing air flow. Creation of this model will involve altering the morphometry of the healthy-state airway model. BETSY SKRIP Rochester Institute of Technology Medical Illustration 3D MODELING AND ANIMATION OF THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE WHAT IS THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE? Capillaries (very small blood vessels) surround the alveoli (rounded projections) of an acinus. Other 3D models of the respiratory system do not extend beyond the acinus. The goal of this project, which was started in summer 2007, is to continue this visual reduction to the nanoscale level (less than 100 nm) in an effort to model cellular and molecular detail of the respiratory membrane. WHY MODEL THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE? Recent research has shown that nanoparticles (particles less than 100 nm in at least one dimension) can cross the respiratory membrane. However, the mechanisms of transport are not well known. Modeling the structure of the respiratory membrane will help us to visualize the possible mechanisms of nanoparticle transport. Future studies will also help us to better understand the possible health effects and medical applications of nanoparticle inhalation. The respiratory membrane, also called the blood-air barrier, is the interface between an alveolus and a capillary. Inhaled oxgen crosses the respiratory membrane into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide crosses from the blood into the airways and is exhaled. The oral cavity model was created by making a cast of a 22-year-old female volunteer’s mouth. The cast was scanned using a Model Maker Z140 3D Scanner with a Romer Cimcore Infinite Arm. The model of the oropharynx, laryngeopharynx, and larynx was created in Maya. The dimensions were taken from multiple sagittal and anterior medical photographs of cadavers and a partial cadaver cast of the throat. The model of the trachea, main bronchi, and bronchi generations 2-5 was created using 3D Doctor and slices from the thoracic region of the female Visible Human Project (VHP). The VHP images were imported into 3D Doctor, and each airway boundary was defined. A 3D, polygon-based surface model was rendered in 3D Doctor by connecting the defined boundaries from all of the segmented images. Branches beyond the 5th generation were trimmed off due to their lack of clarity in the VHP images. The model of bronchi generations 6-19 was created in Maya. The dimensions were obtained from the paper Models of the human bronchial tree by Keith Horsefield, Gladys Dart, Dan E. Olson, Giles F. Filley, and Gordon Cumming. Branching angles were provided in the paper; however, angles relative to gravity had to be estimated. A model of the left lung was created using 3D Doctor and slices from the thoracic region of the female Visible Human Project (VHP). The bronchi model was placed into the lung model, and the angles relative to gravity were estimated in order for the bronchi to fit in the lower posterior lobe. The acinus model was created in Maya. The dimensions were measured from a cast of a human acinus observed under a scanning electron microscope.
Transcript of BETSY SKRIP thereby reducing air flow. Creation of this ... fileBETSY SKRIP MFA, Medical...
I M A G I N G T H E A I R W A Y S 3D Modeling of a Complete Respiratory Airway for Use in Computational Flow Dynamics Studies of Particle Deposition in the Lungs
AmericanCancer Society®
DR. RISA ROBINSONAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Mechanical [email protected]://people.rit.edu/~rjreme/banner.htm
BETSY SKRIP MFA, Medical Illustration Class of 2008 Bronchi Generations 6-19 Respiratory Membrane
JESSICA WEISMAN MFA, Medical Illustration Class of 2007 Larynx, Acinus
JACKIE RUSSOMFA, Mechanical EngineeringClass of 2007
Oral Cavity, Trachea, Main Bronchi, Bronchi Generations 2-5
DR. RICHARD DOOLITTLEProfessor and HeadAllied Health Sciences [email protected]://people.rit.edu/rldsbi MENTORS MODELERSSPONSOR
ACINUS
ORAL CAVITY
BRONCHI GEN 6-19
TRACHEA MAIN BRONCHI BRONCHI GEN 2-5
LARYNX
METHODSTHE MODEL
FUT
UR
E R
ESEA
RC
H
MAY
A T
O C
FD
M AYA
V P S C U L P T
S O L I D W O R K S
F L U E N T
REFINEMENT • Reducing faces • Smoothing• Trimming and deleting edges
MODELING Can create more organically shaped models than engineering CAD programs. Models are more modifiable, meaning they can be altered to represent different disease states (e.g., asthma).
CONVERSION & MEASUREMENTSConverts the model from a surface texture to a closed-volume, solid model.The model created in Solid Works represents the volume of air inside the airway.
Measurements are made to ensure that the dimensions of the model are defined and accurate.
COMPUTATIONAL FLOW DYNAMICS• Flow Analysis• Particle Deposition
MODELING THE BRONCHIAL TREEUsing data from Models of the human bronchial tree, we plan to eventually create a complete model of the entire respiratory tract. This will involve modeling one complete pathway for all lobes of both the left and right lungs.
PATHOLOGICAL COMPARISONSThe next model to be created will be the airway of an asthmatic. Bronchial tubes in asthmatic sufferers are constricted, thereby reducing air flow. Creation of this model will involve altering the morphometry of the healthy-state airway model.
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3D MODELING AND ANIMATION OF
THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE
WHAT IS THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE?Capillaries (very small blood vessels) surround the alveoli (rounded projections) of an acinus.
Other 3D models of the respiratory system do not extend beyond the acinus. The goal of this project, which was started in summer 2007, is to continue this visual reduction to the nanoscale level (less than 100 nm) in an effort to model cellular and molecular detail of the respiratory membrane.
WHY MODEL THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE?Recent research has shown that nanoparticles (particles less than 100 nm in at least one dimension) can cross the respiratory membrane.
However, the mechanisms of transport are not well known. Modeling the structure of the respiratory membrane will help us to visualize the possible mechanisms of nanoparticle transport.
Future studies will also help us to better understand the possible health effects and medical applications of nanoparticle inhalation.
The respiratory membrane, also called the blood-air barrier, is the interface between an alveolus and a capillary.
Inhaled oxgen crosses the respiratory membrane into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide crosses from the blood into the airways and is exhaled.
The oral cavity model was created by making a cast of a 22-year-old female volunteer’s mouth.
The cast was scanned using a Model Maker Z140 3D Scanner with a Romer Cimcore Infinite Arm.
The model of the oropharynx, laryngeopharynx, and larynx was created in Maya. The dimensions were taken from multiple sagittal and anterior medical photographs of cadavers and a partial cadaver cast of the throat.
The model of the trachea, main bronchi, and bronchi generations 2-5 was created using 3D Doctor and slices from the thoracic region of the female Visible Human Project (VHP). The VHP images were imported into 3D Doctor, and each airway boundary was defined. A 3D, polygon-based surface model was rendered in 3D Doctor by connecting the defined boundaries from all of the segmented images. Branches beyond the 5th generation were trimmed off due to their lack of clarity in the VHP images.
The model of bronchi generations 6-19 was created in Maya. The dimensions were obtained from the paper Models of the human bronchial tree by Keith Horsefield, Gladys Dart, Dan E. Olson, Giles F. Filley, and Gordon Cumming. Branching angles were provided in the paper; however, angles relative to gravity had to be estimated. A model of the left lung was created using 3D Doctor and slices from the thoracic region of the female Visible Human Project (VHP). The bronchi model was placed into the lung model, and the angles relative to gravity were estimated in order for the bronchi to fit in the lower posterior lobe.
The acinus model was created in Maya.
The dimensions were measured from a cast of a human acinus observed under a scanning electron microscope.
