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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) topic quiz

Communication and Homeostasis

Instructions and answers for teachersThese instructions cover the learner activity section which can be found on page 13.

This Lesson Element supports OCR AS and A Level Biology A (H020, H420) and Biology B (Advancing Biology) (H022, H422).

When distributing the activity section to the learners either as a printed copy or as a Word file you will need to remove the teacher instructions section.

The Activity This Lesson Element is a teaching and learning resource containing 20 multiple choice questions (MCQs) on the theme of photosynthesis. Some questions might require synoptic thinking, using knowledge and ideas from various topics across the full A Level content.

This resource can be used to test and consolidate understanding at the end of a topic or to revisit and refresh knowledge at a later point in the course.

Introduction Multiple choice questions allow rapid coverage of a wide range of sub-topics.

Contrary to a widespread belief among students, multiple choice questions are not necessarily easy – they can be easy, moderate or difficult.

The questions are written so that the incorrect answers are plausible distractors based on common errors or misconceptions.

The questions in this quiz cover topics mainly from specification section:

Biology A 5.1 Communication and homeostasis

Biology B (Advancing Biology)5.2 Nervous control

5.3 Homeostasis

Version 1 1 © OCR 2017

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) topic quiz - answers

1 The diagram shows a motor neurone

Which line of the table summarises the functions of the labelled parts of the cell?

P Q R

A acetylcholine release facilitating ion movement acetylcholine synthesis

B acetylcholine release preventing ion movement acetylcholine release

C enzyme synthesis facilitating ion movement acetylcholine synthesis

D enzyme synthesis preventing ion movement acetylcholine release

Your answer


D

2. The diagram shows some biochemical pathways in a liver cell, some of which are reversible. Five reactions whose rate in a certain direction can be changed by the presence of a hormone are labelled 1 – 5.

Each number relates to the direction of the arrow nearest to the number.

Which numbered reactions have their rate increased in the presence of insulin?

A 1, 2 and 3

B 1, 2 and 5

C 2, 3 and 4

D 3, 4 and 5

Your answer


B

3. A sudden movement close to the eyes causes a person to blink.

Which line of the table summarises the events involved in this response?

receptor type of reflex effector

A photoreceptor cranial eyelid muscle

B photoreceptor spinal iris muscle

C touch receptor cranial eyelid muscle

D touch receptor spinal iris muscle

Your answer

4. The diagram shows part of a myofibril of skeletal muscle.

There are 4 000 identical sarcomeres in the myofibril and each one contracts until the myosin filaments are just touching the Z lines.

By how much will the whole myofibril shorten during contraction?

A 1600 μm

B 3000 μm

C 3.2 mm

D 4.6 mm


A

C

Your answer

5. Glucose moves from the filtrate in the nephron into the bloodstream during normal kidney function.

What part of the nephron allows this movement of glucose, and by what mechanism?

A collecting duct by active secretion

B distal convoluted tubule by facilitated diffusion

C glomerulus by ultrafiltration

D proximal convoluted tubule by selective reabsorption

Your answer

6. A decrease in environmental temperature causes changes in the physiological functioning of the skin.

Which line of the table identifies the changes that occur?

arterioles erector pili muscles sweat glands

A constrict contract decrease secretion

B constrict relax increase secretion

C dilate contract decrease secretion

D dilate relax increase secretion

Your answer


D

A

7. Homeostasis maintains optimum concentrations of chemicals in tissue fluid and blood plasma, so that reactions can function optimally in cell cytoplasm.

The diagram shows the concentrations of three different ions and the concentration of protein measured in these three constituents.

Which line of the table correctly identifies 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A cytoplasm plasma tissue fluid

B blood plasma tissue fluid cytoplasm

C tissue fluid cytoplasm plasma

D tissue fluid plasma cytoplasm

Your answer


B

8. What will increase the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland?

A decreasing the external temperature of the body

B drinking a large volume of water

C Injecting a concentrated salt solution with low water potential into the body

D Injecting a dilute glucose solution with high water potential into the body

Your answer

9. A glucose tolerance test can be used to investigate a person’s ability to homeostatically adjust their blood glucose concentration. The concentration of glucose in the blood plasma is measured before and after consuming 50 g glucose. The table shows plasma blood glucose concentrations before and during a glucose tolerance test that are diagnostic of different conditions.

conditionplasma glucose concentration (mg 100 cm-3)

fasting 1 hour after eating

hypoglycaemia < 69 100 - 150

normal 70 - 100 170 - 200

pre-diabetes 101 - 125 190 - 230

diabetes > 126 220 - 300

Results from glucose tolerance tests for three individuals are shown on the graph.


C

Which line of the table correctly diagnoses each individual’s condition?

X Y Z

A pre-diabetes pre-diabetes hypoglycaemia

B diabetes normal hypoglycaemia

C pre-diabetes pre-diabetes normal

D diabetes normal normal

Your answer


B

10. Hepatocytes carry out a number of different functions.

Which statements describe functions that occur in hepatocytes?

Function 1: combining ammonia and carbon dioxide via the ornithine cycle

Function 2: storage of glycogen and some vitamins and minerals

Function 3: breakdown of drugs and alcohol

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer

11. Neurones are electrically excitable cells that experience changes in the electrical potential differences across their membranes. Particular potential difference values or changes are identified by the terms resting potential, threshold potential and action potential.

Which statements are true of these terms?

Statement 1: Action potential describes a rapid reversal in potential difference.

Statement 2: Resting potential and threshold potential are negative values.

Statement 3: An action potential begins before threshold potential is reached.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


A

B

12. Which line of the table identifies a neurone that is at resting potential?

concentration of ions inside neurone

cell surface membrane

permeability to Na+ ions

level of activity of Na+ / K+

pump sodium (Na+) potassium (K+)

A high low high active

B high low low inactive

C low high high inactive

D low high low active

Your answer

13. The diagram shows the homeostatic control of the glucose concentration in the blood of a mammal.


D

Which line of the table identifies the hormones W, X and Y?

W X Y

A glucagon insulin adrenaline

B glucagon adrenaline insulin

C insulin adrenaline glucagon

D insulin glucagon adrenaline

Your answer

14. A certain poison kills by causing paralysis of the breathing muscles. When the poison is present, the sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junctions cannot depolarise.

Which could explain the action of this poison?

Statement 1: It prevents the release of acetylcholine.

Statement 2: It blocks acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.

Statement 3: It inhibits the action of acetylcholinesterase.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


D

B

15. Which statements are true of feedback systems in the body?

Statement 1: Negative feedback acts to reverse a change.

Statement 2: An example of negative feedback occurs when a high plasma concentration of a hormone inhibits further secretion of that hormone.

Statement 3: Positive feedback occurs during the generation of an action potential.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer

16. Which statements describe commercial uses of plant hormones?

Statement 1: Auxin powder is placed on the cut stems of plants to help them root.

Statement 2: Ethylene gas is used to speed up the ripening of harvested green bananas.

Statement 3: Gibberellin is produced by a seed during germination.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


A

B

17. Different regions of the kidney nephron have different functions.

Which line of the table identifies:

The region that reabsorbs the most water from the filtrate and A region that has receptors for the hormone ADH?

region that absorbs most water from filtrate

region that has receptors for ADH

A ascending limb of loop of Henlé descending limb of loop of Henlé

B collecting duct ascending limb of loop of Henlé

C descending limb of loop of Henlé distal convoluted tubule

D proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct

Your answer

18. Motor neurones in the vagus nerve cause responses in the heart, lungs and digestive organs.

In which divisions of the nervous system can the motor neurones of the vagus nerve be classified?

Division 1: autonomic nervous system

Division 2: peripheral nervous system

Division 3: central nervous system

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


D

B

19. A synapse is a junction between two neurones, the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurones.

Which statements identify correct combinations of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurones at synapses?

Statement 1: A presynaptic sensory neurone synapses with a postsynaptic motor neurone.

Statement 2: A presynaptic relay neurone synapses with a postsynaptic relay neurone.

Statement 3: A presynaptic relay neurone synapses with a postsynaptic sensory neurone.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer

20. The fight or flight response involves a large number of coordinated changes in the functioning of the body of a mammal.

Which systems are involved in bringing about the fight or flight response?

System 1: The autonomic nervous system.

System 2: The endocrine system.

System 3: The cyclic AMP second messenger system.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


B

A


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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) topic quiz

Communication and Homeostasis

Learner Activity

1 The diagram shows a motor neurone

Which line of the table summarises the functions of the labelled parts of the cell?

P Q R

A acetylcholine release facilitating ion movement acetylcholine synthesis

B acetylcholine release preventing ion movement acetylcholine release

C enzyme synthesis facilitating ion movement acetylcholine synthesis

D enzyme synthesis preventing ion movement acetylcholine release

Your answer


2. The diagram shows some biochemical pathways in a liver cell, some of which are reversible. Five reactions whose rate in a certain direction can be changed by the presence of a hormone are labelled 1 – 5.

Each number relates to the direction of the arrow nearest to the number.

Which numbered reactions have their rate increased in the presence of insulin?

A 1, 2 and 3

B 1, 2 and 5

C 2, 3 and 4

D 3, 4 and 5

Your answer


3. A sudden movement close to the eyes causes a person to blink.

Which line of the table summarises the events involved in this response?

receptor type of reflex effector

A photoreceptor cranial eyelid muscle

B photoreceptor spinal iris muscle

C touch receptor cranial eyelid muscle

D touch receptor spinal iris muscle

Your answer

4. The diagram shows part of a myofibril of skeletal muscle.

There are 4 000 identical sarcomeres in the myofibril and each one contracts until the myosin filaments are just touching the Z lines.

By how much will the whole myofibril shorten during contraction?

A 1600 μm

B 3000 μm

C 3.2 mm

D 4.6 mm

Your answer


5. Glucose moves from the filtrate in the nephron into the bloodstream during normal kidney function.

What part of the nephron allows this movement of glucose, and by what mechanism?

A collecting duct by active secretion

B distal convoluted tubule by facilitated diffusion

C glomerulus by ultrafiltration

D proximal convoluted tubule by selective reabsorption

Your answer

6. A decrease in environmental temperature causes changes in the physiological functioning of the skin.

Which line of the table identifies the changes that occur?

arterioles erector pili muscles sweat glands

A constrict contract decrease secretion

B constrict relax increase secretion

C dilate contract decrease secretion

D dilate relax increase secretion

Your answer


7. Homeostasis maintains optimum concentrations of chemicals in tissue fluid and blood plasma, so that reactions can function optimally in cell cytoplasm.

The diagram shows the concentrations of three different ions and the concentration of protein measured in these three constituents.

Which line of the table correctly identifies 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A cytoplasm plasma tissue fluid

B blood plasma tissue fluid cytoplasm

C tissue fluid cytoplasm plasma

D tissue fluid plasma cytoplasm

Your answer


8. What will increase the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland?

A decreasing the external temperature of the body

B drinking a large volume of water

C Injecting a concentrated salt solution with low water potential into the body

D Injecting a dilute glucose solution with high water potential into the body

Your answer

9. A glucose tolerance test can be used to investigate a person’s ability to homeostatically adjust their blood glucose concentration. The concentration of glucose in the blood plasma is measured before and after consuming 50 g glucose. The table shows plasma blood glucose concentrations before and during a glucose tolerance test that are diagnostic of different conditions.

conditionplasma glucose concentration (mg 100 cm-3)

fasting 1 hour after eating

hypoglycaemia < 69 100 - 150

normal 70 - 100 170 - 200

pre-diabetes 101 - 125 190 - 230

diabetes > 126 220 - 300

Results from glucose tolerance tests for three individuals are shown on the graph.


Which line of the table correctly diagnoses each individual’s condition?

X Y Z

A pre-diabetes pre-diabetes hypoglycaemia

B diabetes normal hypoglycaemia

C pre-diabetes pre-diabetes normal

D diabetes normal normal

Your answer


10. Hepatocytes carry out a number of different functions.

Which statements describe functions that occur in hepatocytes?

Function 1: combining ammonia and carbon dioxide via the ornithine cycle

Function 2: storage of glycogen and some vitamins and minerals

Function 3: breakdown of drugs and alcohol

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer

11. Neurones are electrically excitable cells that experience changes in the electrical potential differences across their membranes. Particular potential difference values or changes are identified by the terms resting potential, threshold potential and action potential.

Which statements are true of these terms?

Statement 1: Action potential describes a rapid reversal in potential difference.

Statement 2: Resting potential and threshold potential are negative values.

Statement 3: An action potential begins before threshold potential is reached.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


12. Which line of the table identifies a neurone that is at resting potential?

concentration of ions inside neurone

cell surface membrane

permeability to Na+ ions

level of activity of Na+ / K+

pumpsodium (Na+) potassium (K+)

A high low high active

B high low low inactive

C low high high inactive

D low high low active

Your answer


13. The diagram shows the homeostatic control of the glucose concentration in the blood of a mammal.

Which line of the table identifies the hormones W, X and Y?

W X Y

A glucagon insulin adrenaline

B glucagon adrenaline insulin

C insulin adrenaline glucagon

D insulin glucagon adrenaline

Your answer


14. A certain poison kills by causing paralysis of the breathing muscles. When the poison is present, the sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junctions cannot depolarise.

Which could explain the action of this poison?

Statement 1: It prevents the release of acetylcholine.

Statement 2: It blocks acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.

Statement 3: It inhibits the action of acetylcholinesterase.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer

15. Which statements are true of feedback systems in the body?

Statement 1: Negative feedback acts to reverse a change.

Statement 2: An example of negative feedback occurs when a high plasma concentration of a hormone inhibits further secretion of that hormone.

Statement 3: Positive feedback occurs during the generation of an action potential.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


16. Which statements describe commercial uses of plant hormones?

Statement 1: Auxin powder is placed on the cut stems of plants to help them root.

Statement 2: Ethylene gas is used to speed up the ripening of harvested green bananas.

Statement 3: Gibberellin is produced by a seed during germination.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer

17. Different regions of the kidney nephron have different functions.

Which line of the table identifies:

The region that reabsorbs the most water from the filtrate and A region that has receptors for the hormone ADH?

region that absorbs most water from filtrate

region that has receptors for ADH

A ascending limb of loop of Henlé descending limb of loop of Henlé

B collecting duct ascending limb of loop of Henlé

C descending limb of loop of Henlé distal convoluted tubule

D proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct

Your answer


18. Motor neurones in the vagus nerve cause responses in the heart, lungs and digestive organs.

In which divisions of the nervous system can the motor neurones of the vagus nerve be classified?

Division 1: autonomic nervous system

Division 2: peripheral nervous system

Division 3: central nervous system

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer

19. A synapse is a junction between two neurones, the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurones.

Which statements identify correct combinations of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurones at synapses?

Statement 1: A presynaptic sensory neurone synapses with a postsynaptic motor neurone.

Statement 2: A presynaptic relay neurone synapses with a postsynaptic relay neurone.

Statement 3: A presynaptic relay neurone synapses with a postsynaptic sensory neurone.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


20. The fight or flight response involves a large number of coordinated changes in the functioning of the body of a mammal.

Which systems are involved in bringing about the fight or flight response?

System 1: The autonomic nervous system.

System 2: The endocrine system.

System 3: The cyclic AMP second messenger system.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer


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