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Best practices for battery charger efficiency regulations

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Agenda

• Introduction to CEC• Impact of regulations• Best practices• Case study: Golf market• Efficiency testing• Benefits of efficiency• National regulatory

impact

Presenters

Lloyd GommVP, Business DevelopmentPresenter

Chris BottingManager of ResearchPresenter

Amanda Yeo Marketing CoordinatorModerator

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Introduction to the California Energy Commission (CEC)

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California’s primary energy policy and planning agency that are guided by 7 core responsibilities:

• Forecasting future energy needs• Promoting energy efficiency and conservation• Supporting energy research• Developing renewable energy resources• Advancing alternative transportation technologies• Certifying thermal power plants• Planning and response for energy emergencies

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Timeline of CEC energy efficiency regulations

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2012

2013

2016

2015

2014

2017

CEC adopts new energy efficiency standards for battery chargers systems.

New energy efficiency standards for golf cars and other consumer products

went into effect February 1, 2013

New energy efficiency standards for lift trucks and other large battery charger systems (>2kW) went into effect January 1, 2014

Chargers for all non-consumer use (<2kW) must comply by January 1, 2017

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Regulatory Impact

• Jan. 1, 2017: final California Energy Commission (CEC) rules phase-in: <2 kW chargers

• Not just California!• Impacts ferroresonant

and SCR, also some high frequency switch mode

• Sales of non-compliant chargers prohibited

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77 million people

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CEC Enforcement: iRobot – Case Study

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• iRobot products did not meet CEC energy efficiency standards

• Estimated that the use of non-compliant chargers resulted in $1 million in energy costs to consumers.

RESULT: • iRobot paid $1 million settlement to the

CEC

• Cease direct sales of offending products and only new products meeting CEC standards can be sold across North America by December 1, 2015

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Best Practices: 3-step plan

1. Check charger compliance on CEC database.2. Not certified? Ask for a compliance plan.3. If the charger won’t meet requirements, source and

design-in a new charger.

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Jan.

2016

Jan.

2017Design-in Implement / Train

June

2016

CEC compliance mark

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Case Study: Golf Carts

Efficiency leads to a better product that saves the user money.

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Insights from charger testingCharger

hardware and

cabling

Charging algorithm

Battery type

System efficiency

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Charger type High Frequency Ferroresonant Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Charger efficiency (%) 90 % 82 % 80 %

Charge return (%) 109 % 131 % 109 %Battery efficiency (%) 79 % 65 % 79 %

System efficiency (%)

72 % 53 % 63 %

Insights from charger testing (continued)

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Charger testing methods

• Chargers must pass 24-hour energy consumption, and maintenance mode AC power draw.

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-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

DC

Batt

ery

Curr

ent (

A)

Ave

rage

Cel

l Vol

tage

(V/c

ell)

Elapsed Time (hours)

5 HourDischargeC/5 Rate

24 Hour Minimum AC-Connected Time

1 HourMinimum

Rest

1 HourMinimum

Rest

5 HourDischargeC/5 Rate

Charge Mode Maintenance Mode

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U.S. Department of Energy Regulations

• Likely to apply in every state.

• Held public meeting on September 15, 2015

• Uncertain picture– Test method focuses on

115V AC– “Consumer products”

not well-defined.

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Summary

• Check compliance and take action now.• Growing pull (energy cost savings) and push

(regulations) for efficiency.• Vehicles and machines could benefit from switching to

newer technologies.

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Resources

• CEC Appliance Efficiency Database• CEC Frequently Asked Questions (PDF)• CEC $1 Million Settlement with iRobot• Delta-Q Paper: “Designing and Testing Battery Charger

Systems for California’s new efficiency regulations” (PDF)

• U.S. Department of Energy rulemaking page– Regulatory documentation

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Delta-Q Technologies Contact Information

Key Contact: Lloyd GommE-mail: lgomm@delta-q.com

Contact: Chris BottingEmail: cbotting@delta-q.com

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