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BEST PRACTICE SECTION 3 GUIDES SUPERSTRUCTURE
Transcript of BEST PRACTICE SECTION 3 GUIDES SUPERSTRUCTURE
BEST PRACTICE GUIDES
SECTION 3 SUPERSTRUCTURE
3.1 STRUCTURALFRAMEAND/ORLOADBEARINGWALLS
3.2 EXTERNALENVELOPE
3.3 CAVITIESANDINSULATION
3.4 DPC’S&TRAYS
3.5 CHIMNEYSANDFLUES
3.6 INTERMEDIATEFLOORSTRUCTURE
3.7 LINTELS,BEAMS&OTHERSTRUCTURALELEMENTS
3.8 BALCONIESINCLUDINGFIXINGS&WEATHERPROOFING
3.9 FIRESTOPPING&SOUNDPROOFING
ThisisoneofthelargersectionsofthePrideintheJobmarkingsheetandcoversallaspectsofthesuperstructurebuildaboveground.Structure,brickwork,blockwork,timberframe,weatherproofingandaestheticfinishareallconsideredhere.
SECTION 3 SUPERSTRUCTURE
Our series of Best Practice Guides will take you through what the Pride in the Job judges look for at each stage of construction and when considering the site manager’s overall organisation and management skills.
ThePrideintheJobmarkingsheetusedbyourjudgeshas44markinglinessplitacross9sections.Thejudgeswillgiveascoreforeachline–wherethereisnoworktomark,thatlinewillbeleftblankandnomarkgiven.Amarkof4indicatescompliancewithNHBCStandardsandwithBuildingRegulations.Amarkof5indicatesextraattentiontodetailoverandabovecompliancestandards.Amarkof6wouldindicatethatmuchofwhatthejudgeshaveseencannotbeimprovedupon.Amarklessthan4wouldindicatevaryingissuesrelatingtoworkmanshipandnon-compliancewithNHBC’sStandards–thegreatertheissueornumberofthesameissue,thelowerthemark.Thefinalscorewillbeallthemarksawardedexpressedasapercentage.
TheseGuidessetoutwhatthejudgesarelookingforwithclearhintsandtipsonthesortofpracticethatwillleadtohighermarks.
Clearlyitisimpossibleintheseshortguidestocovereverysinglepointofconstruction–wetryheretocoverthemainissuesthataretakenintoaccountwhenconsideringamarkforeachscoreline.
Whenlookingatthephotographs,considereachoneinthecontextofthescorelineheading–don’tbedistractedbysomethingelsethatisn’tasgood–thatwillbemarkedaccordinglyelsewhere.
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3.1 STRUCTURAL FRAME AND LOAD BEARING WALLS
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SECTION 3 - SUPERSTRUCTURE
3.1 STRUCTURAL FRAME AND LOAD BEARING WALLS
Thisscorelinerelatestothequalityofbuildoftheinnerleafoftheexternalwall(eitherblockworkortimber)andanyinternalload-bearingpartitionorseparatingwalls.
Images 1, 2 and 3:Theformingofopeningsinthewallforwindowsanddoorsandthebuilding-inoffloorjoistswiththeblockinginbetweenareallconsideredbythejudges.Image1showsasimpleexampleofwherethegaugingoftheblockworkhasyieldedafulldepthblockunderthebearingpointofthelintel–theuseofcutblocksorbricketteswouldbemarkeddown.
Separatingwallsshouldreceiveparticularattentiontoavoidsoundtransmittanceandintimberframeconstruction,thepositionofthewallstudsandthefixingofthepanelswillbetakenintoaccount.Image2showsblockworktightuptothejoists–excellentbeam-fillingwheretherehasbeenclearcareandattentionbythebricklayers.Goodworkwiththesealanttoo,whichmayhavebeenrequiredforRobustDetailsandsoundinsulation.
Blockworkshouldbekeptcleanandcutswellexecuted–especiallyforthoseawkwardangledcornerswheresometimes‘cutandstick’unitswouldworkverywell.
Constructionofmasonrywithinheightlimitationsoftheproductduringbuildisalsoimportant.Weseelotsofgablewallsbuilt7or8courseshighinblockworkwithoutbeingbackedupandsupportedwithbrickwork,thisisabreachoftheNHBCStandardsandareportableitem.
Extramarksmaybeawardedifthejudgesseethatthesitemanagerisgivingparticularfocustotheaccuracyofworkandanunderstandingofthestructuralprinciples.Inimage3,thoughthasbeengiventotheprecisepositioningofthepadstonehere.It’sattherightleveltoowithnopacking,otherthanadoublelayerofdpc.Intimberframedconstruction,thedesignandapplicationofeffectivecheckingsystemsforconnectionsdemonstratesagoodappreciationofthechallengesinvolved.Furthermoreneatnessofthebuildprocessshouldbeconsideredbythesitemanagerandtrades.
Theworkshownintheseimageswouldattractamarkof5.
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3.2 EXTERNAL ENVELOPE
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3.2 EXTERNAL ENVELOPE
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3.2 EXTERNAL ENVELOPE
Images 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9:Thejudgeswillmainlylookatthequalityoftheworkmanshipwhich,forbrickwork,shouldincludebonding,gaugeandwell-filledjointstopreventexcessivewaterpenetration.Thevisualimpactoftheconstructionisimportant.Theimageshereshowsuperlativecraftsmanshipintheexecutionofmainwalling,corbelsandcutbricksaroundarchways.Theworkshownherewouldallreceivefullmarks.
Thebricklayers’attentiontodetailandanyfeatureworksuchasarchesshouldcomplementtheconstruction.Correctlypositionedandformedmovementjoints,includingsealant,willalsobemarked.
Particularcareandattentionneedstobemadetointernaljointstomakesurethepointingisneatandeven;Image7showsalovelyexampleofaninternalcornertoabrickchimneywherethebondiscompletelyuninterruptedaroundtheinternalcorner.
Anypreformedfeaturepanelswithincladdingsystemsandtheirrespectivefixingswillalsobeconsidered.Theinstallationofcladdingshouldpreciselyfollowmanufacturers’instructionsandtherequirementsofBBAcertification.
Toreallydrivethehigheststandardsonsite,maintainingverticalperpendjointsonmasonrywithahighqualityofworkingeneralwillreapdividends,asbeautifullydemonstratedinImage8onablockofthreestoreyapartments.
Workmanshipshowninthese6imageswouldeasilyattractamarkof6fromthejudges.
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3.3 CAVITIES AND INSULATION
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3.3 CAVITIES AND INSULATION
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3.3 CAVITIES AND INSULATION
Images 10 and 11:Cavitywalltiepositions,typeandnumber,spacingsandcleanlinessareimportantforstabilityandthepreventionofwaterpenetration.Aminimum50mmbeddinginoneachleafofsuperstructureshouldbeachieved.
Theinsulationshouldbeofthecorrecttypeandthicknessforthelocationofthebuilding,bearinginmindthatfullfillcavityinsulationcannotbeusedinseverelyexposedareasinaccordancewithNHBCStandards.Insulation,whetherpartialfillorfullfillshouldbeadequatelyrestrainedinplaceanditshouldbecontinuoustopreventcoldspots.Thereshouldbenomortardroppingsrestingontopoffullfillcavityinsulationbatts.
Whenusingpartialfillinsulation,cavitiesshouldmaintaintheminimumwidthof50mmandbefreeofdebristhroughoutitsentirety.Theinsulationshouldbetightupagainsttheinnerleafusingthecorrectwalltiesandclips.Onepointofconcernwithimage10isthattheblockworkisabithighwithoutbeingbackedup–morethan6courseswouldnotbeacceptable–sopossiblyalostpointhere;soeventhoughtheworkmanshipisveryneat,ifthisisamorewidespreadissue,itcouldwellbemarkedasa3.
Forextramarksahighstandardofdetailing,accuracy,alignmentandaparticularcleanlinessofwallties,DPCtraysandweepventsisneeded.Insulationshouldbenoticeablyclearofdebristhroughtheuseofprotectivemeasureswhilstworkingonthewall.Judgeswillbeimpressedwithinnovative,effectivesolutions.Image11isatextbookexampleofhowtokeepcavitiescleanwithflushedupbricksandspotlesswallties–afull6marksfromthejudgeshere.
Images 12, 13 and 14:Incontrasttotheabove,thisisdefinitelynotwhatthejudgeswanttosee:
■ superstructuresthatdemonstrateamixtureofbothexcessivemortardebrisinthecavityorbrickworkandblockworkwithjointswhichremainunfilled
■ blockworkthatisn`tbondedcorrectlyinthecornersandcreatesstepswheremortarcanbecomelodged
■ off-cutsoftimberjoistsandbricksthatcanbecomepresentespeciallywhereBuildingRegulationsarenowencouragingwidercavitywidthstomeetwiththerequirementsofPartL.
Goodaestheticstotheexternalcomponentofsuperstructurescoupledwithclean,clearcavitieswillputyouontherightroadtogainingaboveaveragemarksinthissection.Allthesephotoswouldmeritamarkof3atbest–possiblyloweriftheseissueswereseenasamoresite-wideissue.
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3.4 DAMP PROOF COURSES AND CAVITY TRAYS
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3.4 DAMP PROOF COURSES AND CAVITY TRAYS
Images 15, 16 and 17:DPCsandcavitytraysshouldbeinstalledatthecorrectlevelwithstopendsandcorrectlypositionedweepholeswherenecessary.
VerticalDPCsshouldbeinstalledtoopeningsinthebrickworktopreventwateringressoccurring.Image15showstheverticaldampproofcourseisinstalledaboveboxbaywindowtopreventwatertrackingacrossthebrickworkbycapillaryactionandintotheinternalspace.Image16showsanalternativepreformedverticaldpcthatallowsforthebondingtocontinuethrough,ratherthantreatingitasamovementjointasinimage15.Youshouldbemindfulofanysimilarareaswheredampproofcoursesshouldbeinstalled.
Preformedplasticcavitytraysshouldbeusedonanyroofabutments.TheyneedtobeadequatelysetouttotakeaccountoftheinstallationoftheroofbattenandtilewhilstalsoallowingtheminimumupstandinaccordancewithNHBCStandards.Theseshouldbefreeofmortardebrisandaweepholeshouldbeplacedonthelowesttraytoallowforwateregress.Preformedsteppedcavitytrays(image16)aretobecarefullysetoutusingprofilesorapatternspar.
Forthebestmarkstheuseoftemplates,ahighstandardofdetailing,accuracy,alignmentandcleanlinessoftraysandweepholesisrequired.
Note:TheNHBC3DviewerAppwhichisavailableforfreeoniPhoneandAndroidisagreatpictorialassetinassistingyouwithhighlydetailedandcriticalareasofconstruction.
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3.5 CHIMNEYS AND FLUES
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3.5 CHIMNEYS AND FLUES
Images 18, 19, 20 and 21: Flueblocksorliners,iftheyarebeingused,mustbeinstalledthecorrectwayuprelativetotheirclassificationandshouldbebondedinorsupportedfortheirfullheight.
Testingofthefluebyuseofsmokebombsorotheralternativemeanscanbeconcludedandconfirmedatthispoint.Image19showsthatthissitemanagermakesanoteonthechimneybreastaspartofhisqualitymanagementsystem.Havinggoodcontrolsystemslikethiswillscorewellinsection9.5.Anappropriateformationofacavityaroundafluemustbeinstalledwherenecessary.
Neatandcompliantinstallationoffactory-madechimneysandtheirstructuralsupportandfirestoppingisveryimportant.These`dummy`chimneysastheyareoftencalledshouldbeassembled,erected,anchoredandprotectedinaccordancewiththemanufacturers’instructions.Theseshouldbeaccessibleonsiteforreference.
Thereisveryhighpotentialforwaterpenetrationthroughtheroofwherechimneysexitclosetotheeavesofapitchedrooforthroughaflatroofsoitisimperativethetraysandflashingsareinstalledinthechimneyandarecontinuoussothatalldamppenetrationisprevented.TheseleadflashingsintheexternalchimneyconstructionshouldbeappropriateandcomplywithNHBCStandards.Leadworktochimneyscouldbemarkedhere,orinSection4.5.
Note:TheNHBC3DviewerAppwhichisavailableforfreeoniPhoneandAndroidisagreatpictorialassetinassistingyouwithhighlydetailedandcriticalareasofconstruction.
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3.6 INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE
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3.6 INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE
Images 22, 23 and 24:Thejudgeswillbelookingatthestructuralfloor,whethertimber,steel,pre-castorin-situconcrete.Allrequiredstraps,nogginsandstruttingshouldbefixedinpositioncorrectly,whichincludesbearingonfullblocks,notonjoints.Restraintstrapsneedtobefullysupportedbynoggings–withtheendofthestrapturneddownsoastopreventitvibratingtotheundersideofthefloorstructure.Theworkshownhereisagood4marks,possiblya5.Certainlyifanextranoggingwasinstalledtosupporttheflyingendofthestrap,thatwouldmeritastrong5orperhapsevena6.Image23showsthatsomethoughthasbeenputintoensuringthatthestrappullsonafullblock;thesurroundingmasonryonthiscoursecanbeadaptedtofit.
Correctwallinterfacesmustbeusedi.e.hangersorbuildinginofjoistsandbeamsmustbecompliantwiththeNHBCStandards.Thequalityofworkmanshipisvitalforthiselementofconstruction,particularlyregardingseparatingwallsandtherequirementtoavoidsoundtransmittance.Thebuildinginofjoistsintoloadbearingwallsmustbedoneinaneatandtidyfashion,forexampleasshowninimage24wherefullblockshavebeenusedtofillthegapsbetweenthejoistswithnofuss–cleansharpwork.
Precautionsagainstdisproportionatecollapse–whateverthesystemofbuild–mustbecorrectlyinstalled;theseareusuallythetwistedlateralrestraintstrapsweseeaffixedtothelowerchordofthejoist–notthestandardlateralrestraintstrapsorsupportstrapsastheyareotherwiseknown.
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3.7 LINTELS, BEAMS AND OTHER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
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3.7 LINTELS, BEAMS AND OTHER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
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3.7 LINTELS, BEAMS AND OTHER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Images 25 and 26:Thecorrectlengthandbeddingoflintelbearingsareimportanttoensurefulldistributionoftheload.
Padstonesshouldbeoftherequiredsizeandpositionedcentrallybelowthebeamorlintelinordertoevenlydistributetheload.Inblockworkwalls,fullblocksshouldbeusedforlintelbearingswithcorrectlybondedblocksbelow.Girdertrussbearingsarealsoconsideredunderthisheadingandassuch,shouldbeconsidered.MildsteelbeamsorRSJ`sshouldbepaintedtoensuredurabilityinaccordancewithNHBCStandards.It’snotclearfromthisphoto,butifthisistwobeamsthatneedtobeconnectedtogether,thetighteningoftheboltsmustbedonebeforeanyloadingisapplied.
Theworkshownherewouldbemarkedata4,orpossiblyamarginal5.
Images 27, 28 and 29:Whenconsideringtheplacement,bearingandlocationoflintelsyoushouldavoidthefollowingissues.
■ lintelsthataretoobigfortheopeningandencroachingintoortravellingfullyacrossthecavity
■ mixingofmaterials,forexample,facebricksoverlintelsorinadequatebearingonahalfofabrickwhichisfurtherunderstressbycarryingtheweightofthefirstfloorjoists.Considertheoverallareaofconstructionandtheimplicationsofnotgettingitrightfirsttime
■ poorbondingofmasonrythatleadstopooralignmentofperpends
■ inadequatepadstoneswithinadequatesizing–builtasanafterthoughtandoutofinappropriatematerials
Withimage29,whilstbluebricksmightjustworkasapadstone,themoreseriouserrorherearethestraightjointsinthemasonrybelowwhichsignificantlyweakensthewallunderthatload.
Theworkshowninimages27,28and29ispoorandwouldonlygeta2ora3–remedialworkwillberequiredtoresolvetheissues.
Ourbestadviceishaveapictureinyourmindofhowtheconstructionisgoingtolook.Howareyougoingtointerpretthetechnicalinformationonthedrawingintothehousethatyouarebuilding?Isitgoingtobecompliant?Isitgoingtolookasgoodasitpossiblycanbeorareyoujustgoingtoletthetradesoffertheirinterpretationandbemarkedaccordingly?
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3.8 BALCONIES INCLUDING THEIR FIXINGS AND WEATHER PROOFING
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3.8 BALCONIES INCLUDING THEIR FIXINGS AND WEATHER PROOFING
Images 30 and 31:Balconiesmustbeaccuratelyaligned,installedandcorrectlyfixedbacktothemainframeofthebuilding.Thejudgeswilllookforcorrectbalconyguardingmaterialsandgaps(iebenon-climbableandbeoftherightheight).CorrectdrainageforthebalconydesignismostimportantandshouldbeinaccordancewithapproveddrawingsandmeetNHBCminimumrequirements.Image30showsbalconiespartlycomplete–glassbalustradinghasyettobeinstalled.However,theworksofarlooksverycompetentandwouldmeritascoreofatleasta5.
Image31demonstratesaneatweatheringupstand.Anadequatesealingoffixingsshouldtheypenetratetheweatherprooffabricisvital.ThisisahighriskareaofconstructionsoitiscriticalthatbalconywaterproofingandthresholddetailsareapprovedbyNHBCpriortobeingconstructed.Thisimageshowsaneatlyconstructedsplashzonedetail,splashzoneheighttobeamin150mmabovedecking.Noteweepholesabovetraypositionedat450C/Cswithcoverflashingsealed.Simpleconstructionthathasbeenwellmanagedandwouldattractascoreofatleasta5–ifitwasonalargescalearoundabuildingandalltothisstandard,thena6wouldbemerited.
Furthermore,thecaretakentomakethesedistinctivestructureslookaestheticallypleasing,whateverthedesign,willcatchtheeyeofthejudges.Neatdetailsaroundfixingstothemainsuperstructureelementsalongwithcarefulconsiderationtotheprovisionandmaintenanceofbalconydrainageandoverflowsystemswillensureyoudemonstrateyourtechnicalexpertise.Effortsmadetocreateapleasingappearancetosoffitsanddeckingwillensurehighermarksareawardedbythejudges.
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3.9 FIRE STOPPING AND SOUND PROOFING
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3.9 FIRE STOPPING AND SOUND PROOFING
Images 32 and 33:Firestoppingandsoundproofingarecriticalelementsrelatingtothesafefunctionofthebuilding.Thecorrectinstallationoffireandsound-resistingmaterialstowalls,ceilingsandcompartmentsisvitallyimportanttoachievetheirrequiredperformancestandards.
Careshouldbetakentoensurethatproductsareinstalledaccuratelyandpreciselytomeettheirperformancecapabilities.
Cataloguedphotographicrecordsofworkmanshippriortocoveringuparenowbecomingusualpracticeonsite,asisengagingtheservicesofaspecialisedfireengineeringcompanytoaddressthefirestoppingaswellasmaintaininganonlinedatabaseofrecords.
Thejudgeswillbelookingforaccurateplacementoffirebarriersandforthebarriermaterialtobeprotectedwhererequiredfromsubsequentconstructionprocesses.Thefirebarriersshouldbeastightaspossibletotheelementsofstructurewithinwhichitisbeingheld–sonogapstoallowtheinadvertentpassageofsmokeorflamesshouldbeevident.
Theworkshownhereisverygoodandwellworthamarkof5–possiblya6ifconsistentatthislevelacrossthesite.
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GOOD LUCK!
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R387 02/21
Wehopeyouhavefoundthisbestpracticeguideusefulingainingabetterunderstandingofwhatthejudgesarelookingforateachstageofconstruction.
Remember,thesixcharacteristicsthejudgesarelookingforinasitemanagerare:
■ Consistency
■ Attentiontodetail
■ Technicalexpertise
■ Leadership
■ Interpretation
■ HealthandSafety
WewishyoualltheverybestinthePrideintheJobcompetitionasyoustriveeitherforyourveryfirstwinortorepeatorimproveonyourperformanceinpreviousyears.