BERRY PRODUCTION IN TURKEY

Prof. Dr. Nurettin KASKAProf. Dr. Sevgi PAYDAS KARGI

Univ of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. HorticultureAdana/Turkey

2 - 4 April 2007

Bordeaux

INTRODUCTION

Turkey :Mother land for berries.

Raspberry : Black Sea

Blackberry : Bolu, Sinop etc.

Strawberry : Bolu, Black Sea

*1

2

3

45 6

7

8

* Shows production arrange

Fig. 1. The main berry producing provinces in Turkey

9

10

11

Table 1. Area, production and yield of Raspberries in different years in Turkey

Years Area (ha) Production (tons) Yield (kg/da)

1995 350 1319 376.91996 361 1969 545.41997 356 1975 564.81998 335 1700 507.51999 315 1780 565.12000 315 1800 571.42001 325 1840 566.22002 325 1850 569.2

RASPBERRY ( Table 1)

RASPBERRY

Production :1975 tons in 1997.

Area 320 hectares

Yield :571.4kg/ha

The culture started 30-40 years

ago in Turkey. It is also grown in

subtropical area with shading the

plants.

RASPBERRY - Heritage

- Dwarf of Holland. - Sandy and organic soils. - Jam,marmalade, ice-cream etc. - Industrial crop Cultivars tried: Summit, Canby, Heritage-1 and 2, Rubin, Dwarf of Holland, Nuburrg, Cola, Aksu red, Meeker, Bursa Dwarf, Tuleman, Villamet.

BLACKBERRY

Economically grown in Adana and Mersin (Silifke) and Bursa.Production ?Area ? Yield 6,8,10 kg / Plant, 2-2.5 tons/da.

Cultivars tried : Arapaho, Cherokee, Black Satin, Nessy, Jumbo, Dirkson Thornless, Bursa-1, 2, 3 and 4,Theodor Reimers,Chester Thornless,Navaho.

STRAWBERRY Before 1970 traditional growing

After 1970 modern planting systems

After 1972 frigo (cold stored ) plants

were used.

Countrywise experiments in 6 locations

with 5 varieties (Tioga, Aliso,

Pocahontas, Cambridge, Ottoman).

After 1980 Cukurova University became

the center of strawberry researches.

(Varieties : Vista, Pajaro, Cruz, Belruby,

Toro, Tufts)

Area (Fig. 2)

0,000

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Year

Are

a (H

a)

Fig 2. Turkey’s strawberry production area between 1965 and 2005.

1450 ha in 1965 7150 ha in 1980 10400 ha in 2004

Production (Fig. 3)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

18019

60

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Year

Pro

du

ctio

n (

x100

0Mt)

Fig 3. Turkey’s strawberry production between 1965 and 2005.

1500 tons in 196551 000 tons in 1990160 000 tons in 2005

Yield (Fig 4)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

16019

60

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Year

Yie

ld (

x100

0 H

g/H

a)

Fig 4. Turkey’s strawberry average yield between 1965 and 2005.

4.570 tons/ha in 1961 (farmers)6.700 tons/ha in 198514.400 tons/ha in 200450.000 tons/ha in several experiments

CULTIVARS

Ottoman (Local), Tioga, Aliso, Pocahontas, Cambridge,

Tudla, Dorit, Selva, Fern, Seascape, Marmalade, Early Glow, Camarosa,Yalova 110 (Local),Oso Grande

Sweet Charlie, Gaviota, Maya, Paros, Diamante, Festival, Earlybrite,

GROWING SYSTEMS

Summer planting with frigo or cold stored plants, plug plants. Plastic tunnels, black plastic mulch Winter planting (Silifke)

CONCLUSION

- Area and production increased rapidly- Difficulties in runner plant production Mediterranean is not satisfactory-Cappadoccia satisfactory soils, volcanic tuffs- Plug plants are becoming popular-There are quite a big area suitable for strawberry growing in the Mediterranean and Aegean coastal areas

CONCLUSION

Competition with Spain and Italy in Spring is

difficult because of distance. Therefore we are

trying to concentrate on Autumn production.

Presently the yield is low, it can be increased

by proper tecknigues.

Camarosa is the main cultivar due to its fruit

characteristics.

Strawberry fruits during picking season

Strawberry production in walk-in high tunnels in Mersin.

Strawberry crops starting to bear fruits

Strawberry picking on the YALTIR Company’s Field, Mersin, TURKEY.

Strawberry pickers hard at work.

Packing strawberries

Fruiting strawberries

High plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

High plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

High plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

High plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

Ventilation of high plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

Camarosa strawberries in punnets (February, 2005)

Raspberry production in the second year under shading

Heritage

Holland Dwarf

Thornless Blackberry grown in subtropical area of TURKEY

Thornless Blackberry grown in subtropical area of TURKEY

Thornless Blackberry grown in subtropical area of TURKEY

Thornless Blackberry grown in subtropical area of TURKEY