BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-friendly Planning...

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007

Eco-friendly Planning for Zoos

Bernard Harrison

Principle Partner - Creativity & Design

Bernard Harrison & Friends Ltd


What this Talk is all about …

• The raison d'être of zoos is to change attitudes & set examples for the visiting public on conservation

• Besides wildlife conservation this should include environmental conservation

Global warming


What this Talk is all about …

• The best ways to demonstrate this is to plan, design & build everything in a zoo to be eco-friendly & sustainable

• And offer our guests examples of how to live sustainably

Recycled tin can lamp


The Outline• Elaborating on SEAZA’s 8-Point

Action Plan for Success

• To achieve eco-friendly status:– Ensure the planners

understand & buy-into the eco-friendly concept

– Follow principles of eco-architecture & use recyclable materials from sustainable sources

Coke can car


The Outline

– Practice water harvesting, storage & recycling

– Use & showcase alternative sources of energy

– Understand the Clean Development Mechanism

Baby-scorpion


The Buzz Word

Global Warming


It’s not only about melting ice caps …

19792003


Global Warming

• Reduced polar ice - raises the sea level

• Most vulnerable will be the poor countries - most affected by floods, droughts & storms

• Singapore is studying 4m high dyke system


An Inconvenient Truth

It took Al Gore to tell the world Why didn’t the zoo world do it first?

Its our business!!


Desertification

Drought in the Senegal

Desert ecosystems are the only ecosystem that are increasing in size

Global Warming?


Earth’s Biocapacity

• Global Ecological Footprint exceeds the Biocapacity by 21%

• Thus, we are spending Nature’s Capital faster than it can be regenerated


Developed world must adopt new models

Methane, produced by cows burping & farting, has a global warming potential which is 21 times greater than carbon dioxide

Globalization means everyone wants western standards of living


Should we promote vegetarianism?

Paris Hilton eating fast food

Poverty is one of the most serious causes of environmental destruction


The Stern Report …

• Economic impacts of climate change have shaken world political & industrial leaders

• Globally cities - have inadequate & unsustainable infrastructure to meet growing populations

Sir Nicholas Stern - 2006


We now live in cities……. which are totally unnatural


Cities are Unnatural

• 50% of 5.6 billion live in cities

• 326 cities - over 1m

• 19 mega cities - over 10m



Need concentrations of: – Food– Water– Energy

Lagos, Nigeria



Need to dispose of:– Garbage– Sewerage– Grey water– Air pollutants



• Cover 2% of earth’s surface

• Account for:– 78% carbon emissions– 60% residence water

waste– 76% wood for industry


Eco-friendly developments in our zoos


Eco-architecture


Eco-architecture• Bioclimatic & sustainable architecture:

– Green roof buildings– Orientation of buildings to maximize use of natural

light & natural wind ventilation

Twycross Zoo -Entrance complexwith green roof


Natural Cooling Sources

• Tree planting to reduce heat retention of buildings

• Air movement is the most important element of passive cooling

• Reduces need for airconditioning & fans

Passive shade


Natural Cooling Sources

Design planting to funnel breezes through the building


Eco-efficient Tropical House

Good cross ventilation


Passive Climate ControlAir is drawn over a lake outside, which cools the

building


Building Materials

• Selection of building materials - especially timber - from sustainable sources, which are recycled or can be recycled

• Energy efficient materials

• Use of indigenous regional architecture using tried & tested designs & materials Artificial timber boardwalk


International Audits

1. Follow LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) ratings for design, construction, and operation of green buildings

2. And ISO 1402 (International Organization of Standardization) for energy conservation


Eco-landscape


Eco-landscape

• Landscape provides functions & production as well as aesthetic qualities

• Landscape supports biological climate control

• Soften impact of hard landscape

• Provides space for food production


Vertical Strata

Over 10m

5-10m

2-5m

1-2m

0-1m

Yield caloriesm2/yr

450

500

300

45

15

A: (over 10m) Coconut, albiziaB: (5-10m) fruit trees: soursop, jackfruit, pisitam, guava, mountain apple, cloves, breadfruit, avocado, mango, mangosteen, rambutan C: (2-5m) banana, papaya, small fruit trees (belimbil, starfruit) salek, coffee, ipil ipil D: (1-2m) cassava, Xanthosoma, arrowroot, gembili (D.esculenta) cardamom, galangal E: (0-1m) starch foods, vegetables & spices e.g. sweet potato, taro, chilli, eggplant tumeric

Pekarangan - Edible Landscapes


Organic Pest Control• Natural pest

management

• Creative non-pesticide solutions

Ladybird Preying mantis

Ducks in paddy fields


Water Conservation


Water

• Saving & management of water through drainage systems:

– Collection - take advantage of natural run-off– Purification– Storage– Use as wildlife refuges– Aquaculture


Knowing the Site Conditions

Like wastewater & sewerage treatment with low-cost constructed & natural wetlands

Allows for early environmental design solutions


Putrajaya WetlandsThen turning wetlands into wildlife sanctuaries


Compost Toilets!

Hmmmmm…Dry & wet systems


Compost Toilets!

Smell is reduced considerably Worms create excellent compost


Waterless Urinals

• Urine passes through floating, lighter weight liquid which traps & seals it, preventing odour


Alternative Energy Systems


Solar or Photovoltaic Systems (PV)


Photovoltaic Systems

Integration of PV panels into the construction initially reduces costs considerably


Photovoltics for Drinking Water

• A small electric pump can lift 30 m³ water per day from 5m depth

PV cells powering a small electric pump


All sorts of practical applications …

Thin-film solar cell bikini powering an MP3 player


Hydro-Power

3 Gorges dam


Environmental Impact

• Hydro power presently produces 90% of all power from renewable energy sources

• The problem is the environmental impact

3 Gorges dam


Small Hydro-electric Energy

• Small-scale hydroelectric facilities do not require building expensive facilities

Can provide power for 800 people


Micro Hydroelectric Energy

• Require minor civil engineering works - reducing costs & environmental impact

Micro hydroelectric turbine


Biogas & Biofuel


Biogas

• Bio-methanization is the fermentation of organic matter into clean burning methane & carbon dioxide

Indian kitchen using biogas


Biogas

Uses:– zoo sewerage

sludge

– municipal solid waste

– agricultural or biodegradable waste

This biogas digester will convert animal dung and waste into biogas


Bio-Fuels

Used Cooking Oil from main kitchen (up to 1,000 meals/day)

Bio-fuel/diesel blending facility

Cleaner fuel for zoo vehicles

Biodiesel made by combining alcohol with vegetable oil or recycled cooking greases

Can be used as a renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines


Wind Systems


Small Wind Systems

• Used by small business & householders

Small wind turbine


Micro Wind Systems

• Domestic wind turbine normally on a mast

• Can be mounted on a zoo building

Micro wind turbine mounted on house


Hybrids Applications

• Successful examples of hybrid systems :

– PV/wind

– PV/biogas

PV & wind hybrid


The Clean Development MechanismCDM


The Kyoto Protocol• Agreed in 1997 & a binding

international law in 2005

• Covers 160 countries for global greenhouse gas emissions

• Australia & USA have not ratified

• Requires each industrialized country to set a target to control greenhouse pollution


The Clean Development Mechanism

• The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has established a regulatory framework for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)


Carbon Trading

• A developed country can buy Certified Emissions Reduction (CER) certificates

• The CER sale will cover the cost of projects such as rural electrification projects in developing countries

Installing photovoltaic panel in Ethiopia


Carbon Trading

• The developed countries uses the CERs to offset their carbon footprint

• Eventually, planting forests will be acceptable for CERs


Carbon Trading Market

“Managing emissions has become one of the fastest-growing specialties in financial

services…

Their goal is a slice of a market

now worth about $30 billion

and that could grow to $1 trillion within a decade”

New York Times - 6th July 2007


The Return to Sustainability Future developments should maintain harmony with

nature & their eco-systems

That’s the Moral reason to plan for sustainability


A Call For Action!

If our visitors knew all these things …

They might start voicing their concerns to their Governments …

So why don’t you tell them?


For one lonely voice can do little

But many voices together can move mountains


Thank You

BERNARD HARRISON AND FRIENDS LTD SEAZA Conference Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia 2007 Eco-friendly Planning...

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