Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ......
Transcript of Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ......
![Page 1: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Liesbeth Preller
Beoordelen van piekblootstelling
aan oplosmiddelen Maar welke maat hanteren?
![Page 2: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 20092
Used definitions
• Exposure based• ’High’ exposure during day
• ‘High’ exposure during longer period of time
• Rapid increase in exposure
• Health based• Period during which health effects occur
• Challenge of allergenic effects
• Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome
![Page 3: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 20093
Relevance
• Prevention of health effects due to peaks in
exposure
• (Effective) reduction of 8hr-TWA/dose by
reduction of exposure peaks
![Page 4: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 20094
Background
• Role VOC peaks in Chronic Toxic
Encephalopathy suspected
• With similar dose, does exposure pattern with
peaks more harm than constant exposure?
• Do we (therefore) need standardization of
peaks? If yes, how?
![Page 5: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 20095
‘Evidence’
• Not based on epidemiological data
• Toxicological data: some indications related to solvents
• Subjective acute effects sometimes in relation to chronic effects
• TNO study Bos et al., 1998
• Physiological Based PharmacoKinetic modelling
• Distribution of ‘mother’ compound over body tissues
• Comparison of realistic exposure scenarios with and
without peaks: PER, TRI, Toluene, Styrene
• High doses: peaks lead to higher brain and blood
concentrations
![Page 6: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 20096
Study
• Evaluate ways to describe exposure profiles in
terms of peak exposure
• Measurements during spraying of VOC
• 27 workers, 15 companies in various sectors
• Direct reading instrument (PID)
• Charcoal tubes
![Page 7: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 20097
![Page 8: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 20098
![Page 9: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 20099
![Page 10: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200910
![Page 11: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200911
![Page 12: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200912
Definition of a peak
Exposure above reference level
![Page 13: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200913
Peak characteristics
0 10 20 30
Time (min)
Ex
po
su
rele
ve
l Maximum peak
Reference level
Average peak=[E(A) + E(B) + E(C) + E(D) + E(E)]/5
A
B
C
Duration
of peak
Time between peaks
Number of peaks per hour = 6
Ratio=mean maximum
peak / mean average peakD
E
![Page 14: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200914
Peak measures
• Variation in reference level:
• TWA exposure during sampling
• OEL mix during sampling
• Variation in averaging time:
• 5 seconds
• 1 minute
• 15 minute
• Total of 36 peak measures
![Page 15: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200915
Averaging times
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Time (sec)
Concentration
VOC (ppm)
![Page 16: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200916
Results - basic information
AM (SD )AM (SD )AM (SD )AM (SD ) R angeR angeR angeR ange
D uration (m in)D uration (m in)D uration (m in)D uration (m in) 46.5 (29)46.5 (29)46.5 (29)46.5 (29) 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 ---- 159 159 159 159
TW A exposure (ppm )TW A exposure (ppm )TW A exposure (ppm )TW A exposure (ppm )
78.4 (73)78.4 (73)78.4 (73)78.4 (73) 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 ---- 341 341 341 341
O ELm ix (ppm )O ELm ix (ppm )O ELm ix (ppm )O ELm ix (ppm ) 78.9 (68)78.9 (68)78.9 (68)78.9 (68) 26 26 26 26 –––– 288 288 288 288
![Page 17: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200917
Influence of reference value and
averaging time
Param eterParam eterParam eterParam eter AMAMAMAM O EL O EL O EL O EL vs vs vs vs
TW ATW ATW ATW A
longer av. longer av. longer av. longer av.
tim etim etim etim e
# peaks/hr# peaks/hr# peaks/hr# peaks/hr 1 1 1 1 –––– 71 71 71 71 <<<< <<<<
duration (sec)duration (sec)duration (sec)duration (sec) 33 33 33 33 –––– 1601 1601 1601 1601 >>>> >>>>
tim e betw een (sec)tim e betw een (sec)tim e betw een (sec)tim e betw een (sec) 32 32 32 32 ---- 792 792 792 792 >>>> >>>>
m axim um (ppm )m axim um (ppm )m axim um (ppm )m axim um (ppm ) 106 106 106 106 –––– 161 161 161 161 ==== ====
average (ppm )average (ppm )average (ppm )average (ppm ) 96 96 96 96 ---- 111 111 111 111 ==== ====
ratioratioratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.42.42.42.4 >>>> ====
![Page 18: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200918
Exposure profile per sector
(OELmix, 5 sec.)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Time (sec)
To
tal V
OC
co
nce
ntr
ation
Wood assembly
Spray painting of
transportation means
Glass-reinforced
plastics industry
![Page 19: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200919
Data analysis
• Principal components analysis
• 24 peak measures (15 min. values excl.),
plus TWA exposure during spraying
![Page 20: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200920
Principal Components Analysis
Com ponentCom ponentCom ponentCom ponent EigenEigenEigenEigen----
valuevaluevaluevalue
% Explained % Explained % Explained % Explained
variancevariancevariancevariance
VariablesVariablesVariablesVariables
1111 12.512.512.512.5 50505050 TW ATW ATW ATW A
m axim umm axim umm axim umm axim um
average average average average
2222 4.64.64.64.6 19191919 tim e betw een peakstim e betw een peakstim e betw een peakstim e betw een peaks
3333 3.33.33.33.3 13131313 # peaks/hr# peaks/hr# peaks/hr# peaks/hr
durationdurationdurationduration
![Page 21: Beoordelen van piekblootstelling aan oplosmiddelen...5 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 2009 ... ratioratio 1.2 1.2 1.2 ––––2.422..442.4 >>>> ==== 18 TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063005/5fb179a2d35049120560cfd6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
TNO KvL, CGC bijeenkomst 12 maart 200921
Concluding remarks
• Results are situation specific
• Strategy can be used for variable reduction in description of
exposure scenario
• Improvement of exposure-response studies
• Input for standard setting for specific exposure indices
• Little evolution with regard to peak exposure, e.g. REACH.