Benefits of protease on top of carbohydrases at times of...
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Benefits of protease on top of carbohydrases at times of high protein prices in poultry
Ahmed Amerah, Global Technical Manager, Danisco Animal Nutrition
14 NOVEMBER 2012
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220240260280300320340360380400420440460480
Soybean meal prices (€)
Source: http://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=soybean-meal&months=12¤cy=eur
147 €
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In the news
7/26/2015
Nov 7 (Reuters) - U.S. wheat, corn and soybeans rose on
Wednesday as global markets rallied following President
Barack Obama's election victory, while an export-boosting fall
in the U.S. dollar also supported.
Nov 7 (Reuters) - Argentina's 2013 soybean crop may be 3
million to 6 million tonnes below earlier forecasts of 55
million to 56 million tonnes as repeated rain is disrupting
sowing.
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Presentation objective
How DuPont/Danisco Animal
Nutrition can help reduce feed costs
at times of volatile vegetable protein
prices
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Some strategies to cope with high raw material prices
New raw materials
Greater focus on quality issues
Feed formulation strategies (e.g. decrease energy/ nutrient levels with some loss of performance)
Increased use of feed additives (enzymes and synthetic amino acids)
Maximise nutrient extraction (enzymes, feed processing)
Ravindran (2007)
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Presentation overview
Soybean meal alternatives
Features of Danisco protease
Research data to support the use of protease
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Major protein meals production % (2012)
United States Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service
The second largest component of poultry feed after cereals is the
protein source
68
13
5
1 6
2 3 2
Soybean Meal
Rapeseed Meal
Sunflower Meal
Copra Meal
Cottonseed Meal
Fish Meal
Palm Kernel Meal
Peanut Meal
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Comparison of protein level and digestibility in some
vegetable protein sources (% "as received") 1
CP level CP
digestibility Cost/t (€)
Cost (€) per unit
of dig. protein
Soybean meal 48.0 89 462 10.7
Rapeseed meal 34.0 78 288 10.9
Sunflower meal 28.0 83 233 10.0
Wheat DDGS 37.5 71 265 10.0
1 Premier atlas, ingredients matrix 2008 ; Cozannet et al. 2009 and 2010
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Metabolisable energy in some vegetable protein
sources (kcal/kg)
Source: Premier atlas, ingredients matrix 2008
2462
1673 1482
2605
Soybeanmeal
Rapeseedmeal
Sunflowermeal
WheatDDGS
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Non-starch polysaccharide in some vegetable protein
sources (% dry matter)
15
21
25 23
Soybeanmeal
Rapeseedmeal
Sunflowermeal
WheatDDGS
Source: Danisco Non Starch Polysaccharide (NSP) database (2012); Widyaratne and Zijlstra (2007)
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Soybean meal proteins
P = protein bodies
Glycinin + b-conglycinin 80%
Antinutritional factors 5%
Other proteins 15%
Fischer (2006)
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Global soybean meal survey (88% DM)1
1Source: Mateos 2012
n DM CP CF NDF EE TIA
(g/kg)
ARG 136 885 45.4c 4.8b 9.2b 1.7ab 2.5b
BRA 131 88.6 46.6b 5.5a 10.6a 1.8a 2.6b
USA 164 88.6 47.3a 3.8c 7.8c 1.6b 3.1a
SEM 0.08 0.12 0.08 0.13 0.04 0.05
P NS *** *** *** ** ***
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Protein digestion
aminopeptidases
dipeptidases
Protein
Smaller peptides
oligopeptides and dipeptides
amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides
www.cellinteractive.com/ucla/nutrition_101/phys_lect3b.html
Active transport
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Agenda
High prices and volatility of soybean meal
Features of Danisco protease
Research data to support the use of protease
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The protease in Avizyme® 1505
Bacillus Subtilis serine endopeptidase
Designed for rapid hydrolysis of proteins
Degrades Soybean storage proteins
Degrades soybean anti-nutritional factors
proteins
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Effect of Danisco protease on trypsin inhibitor activity
in raw soybean
Measured in a slurry at 50ºC, enzyme at 1% w/w
*Control TIA 47.5 mg/g after 1 hour incubation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Try
psin
in
hib
ito
r acti
vit
y*
(%
of
co
ntr
ol)
Incubation time (h)
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Agenda
High prices and volatility of soybean meal
Features of Danisco protease
Research data to support the use of protease
-
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Effects of protease on top of XA on amino acid digestibility
in diets with or without corn DDGS
Meta-analysis of 4 Trials with similar design: Massey University, NZ and U. of Illinois, USA
21-d digestibility trials
Ross 308 males
Three treatments in each trial: control, XA, and XAP (Avizyme 1505)
Two trials with corn/SBM based and two trials with corn/SBM/DDGS (7-10%)
Amino acid digestibility evaluated on an apparent ileal basis
Titanium oxide was marker
Mixed Procedure of SAS. Experiment was random term
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Addition of XAP increased amino acid digestibility by 2.8%
compared to 0.4% for XA
-0.5% -0.6%
1.4%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
-0.5%-0.3%
0.6%
0.0%
1.6%
0.4%
1.2%
0.6%
5.6%
3.5%
2.1%
1.5%
2.9%
1.4%
5.1% 5.1%
4.6%
2.8%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
Lys Met Cys Thr Val Arg
Dif
fen
ren
ce
fro
m c
on
tro
l (%
)
XA - Corn/Soy XA - Corn/Soy/DDGS
XAP - Corn/Soy XAP - Corn/Soy/DDGS
2.8%
0.4%
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Why are there differences in the
response to enzymes between
the different amino acids?
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Avizyme 1505 (XAP) effects on undigested fraction of
amino acids were very consistent
y = 0.03x
R2 = 0.56
y = 0.03x
R2 = 0.42
y = 0.12x
R2 = 0.96
y = 0.13x
R2 = 0.94
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Apparently undigested fraction of amino acid (g/kg)
Ap
pare
nt
up
lift
on
am
ino
acid
dig
esti
bilit
y (
g/k
g)
XA-Corn/SBM XAP-Corn/SBM
XA-Corn/SBM/DDGS XAP-Corn/SBM/DDGS
Each dot represent a single amino acid
3% improvement
12.5% improvement
9.5 %
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Amino acids with high concentration x low digestibility had
greater improvements due to Avizyme® 1505
Amino
acid
Ileal
digestible
(g/kg)
Ileal
digestibility
(%)
Ileal undigested
fraction (g/kg)
Digestibility
coefficient (%)
Ileal digestible
(g/kg)
Lysine 12.2 87.1 1.81 1.4 0.17
Methionine 5.9 93.3 0.42 0.7 0.04
Cysteine 2.4 72.2 0.91 5.8 0.14
Threonine 6.1 75.3 2.01 3.7 0.23
Valine 8.6 81.1 2.00 2.4 0.20
Total of
17 A.A
34.61 4.10
7/26/2015
Avizyme 1505 effect
Improvement due to Avizyme 1505 = 11.8%
Corn/SBM
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Amino acids with high concentration x low digestibility had
greater improvements due to Avizyme® 1505
Amino
acid
Ileal
digestible
(g/kg)
Ileal
digestibility
(%)
Ileal undigested
fraction (g/kg)
Digestibility
coefficient (%)
Ileal digestible
(g/kg)
Lysine 10.8 82.6 2.28 2.6 0.29
Methionine 5.7 90.1 0.62 1.3 0.07
Cysteine 2.5 68.9 1.12 4.9 0.12
Threonine 5.8 71.3 2.33 4.9 0.29
Valine 8.0 77.3 2.36 4.3 0.34
Total of
17 A.A
40.10 5.22
7/26/2015
Avizyme 1505 effect
Improvement due to Avizyme 1505 = 13%
Corn/SBM/DDGS
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What does that mean?
XAP effects on amino acid digestibility may be predicted based on ileal undigested fraction: ~12.5% of ileal undigested amino acids
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DESIGN
720 male Ross 308 broiler chicks housed in floor pens
6 treatments with 8 pen replicates/treatment and 15 birds/pen
Corn/Wheat/Wheat DDGS/Soybean meal-based mash diets
6 dietary treatments
• Positive control (PC)
• Negative control (NC; - 85kcal ME/kg feed, - 2.5% amino acids versus PC)
• NC + 200 g/t competitor protease
• NC + 500 g/t competitor carbohydrase (Amylase + β-glucanase + xylanase)
• NC + 700 g/t competitor protease + carbohydrase (Amylase + β-glucanase + xylanase)
• NC + 200 g/t Avizyme 1505
Birds and feed weighed at 42 days of age
Avizyme 1505 outperforms competitor products in broilers fed
mixed grain diets
1505.UK.B.10.19
Roslin Nutrition, Midlothian, UK
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1505.UK.B.10.19
Roslin Nutrition, Midlothian, UK
Avizyme 1505 outperforms competitor products in broilers fed
mixed grain diets
Weight gain (g, 1-42 days)
2826 ab
2766 bc
2705 cd 2696 cd
2857 a
2676 d
PC NC NC + P NC + CHO NC + P
+ CHO
NC +
Avizyme
1505 PC = Positive control NC = Negative Control
CHO = amylase + β-glucanase + xylanase P = Protease
a,b,c,d P
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1505.UK.B.10.19
Roslin Nutrition, Midlothian, UK
Avizyme 1505 outperforms competitor products in broilers fed
mixed grain diets
FCRc* (1-42 days)
1.80 c
1.84 bc
1.88 ab
1.80 c
1.93 a
1.90 a
PC NC NC + P NC + CHO NC +
Avizyme
1505
* FCR corrected 3 points for every 100g difference in bodyweight versus the Positive control
a,b,c P
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1505.UK.B.10.19
Roslin Nutrition, Midlothian, UK
Avizyme 1505 outperforms competitor products in broilers fed
mixed grain diets
Τ Expressed relative to the Positive control, including product prices
Cost/kg gain (%) τ
100
103 103
101
100
97
PC NC NC + P NC + CHO NC +
Avizyme
1505
NC + P
+ CHO
PC = Positive control NC = Negative Control
CHO = amylase + β-glucanase + xylanase P = Protease
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Danisco Animal Nutrition can help reduce feed costs at
times of volatile vegetable protein prices
Basal diet
(BD)*
BD + Avizyme
1505 (CP&AA)*
BD + Avizyme
1505 (full matrix)*
Ingredient price
(€/t)
Corn 48 50 51 245
Wheat 15 15 15 235
SBM 48% 28 26 26 477
Rapeseed meal 3.0 3.0 3.0 300
Soy oil 3.1 2.9 1.6 910
Economics
Feed cost (€/t) 339.3 337.3 328.6 -
Net savings (€/t) - -2.0 -10.7 -
* Calculated analysis for all diets: 20% CP and 12.7 MJ/kg ME
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Conclusions – Take home messages
Protease on top of XA increased digestibility of undigested amino acid
fraction from ~3.0% (XA) to 12.5 % (XAP)
In the current situation of high raw material prices, enzymes are one of the
tools to help reduce the price pressure on poultry producers and consumers
Using matrix values for Avizyme 1505 (energy, protein and amino acids)
allows reductions of 10.7 €/t and for protein and amino acids 2.0 €/t
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registered trademarks or trademarks of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates.
7/26/2015