Benefits of Proactive Inspection and Early Intervention of BladesDan MolyneuxManager, Blade ServicesVestas Americas

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Vestas corporate presentation2

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We employ more than 21,900 people worldwide and have more than 35 years of experience with wind energy

21,900+We monitor over 30,000 turbines, or more than 60 GW, day and night and the data is used for efficient service planning and pre-emptive maintenance

30,000+We have installed more than 56,000 turbines or more than 77 GW in 75 countries worldwide spanning six continents – the largest in the world

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€ 8.4b

Benefits of Proactive Inspection and Early Intervention

Frequency and Quantity of Inspections?

These are identical blades, same age, same use, same park, different WTGs

It is possible to see great variation in the condition of different blades on different WTGs within the same area. Frequency and quantity of inspections needs to be determined based upon the specific site conditions.

WTG Economics

42%

12%

32%

7%

5%

3%

WTG Component Cost Breakdown

Gearbox

Gen

Blade

Transformer

Main Bearing

Blade Bearing

5.2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

% o

f 201

5/20

16 T

otal

Tur

bine

Los

ses

% of Total Turbine Driven Losses - 2015-2016

Blades InspectionTools and equipment to be used in the blades inspections are:

High resolution Camera with zoom

High magnification scope with camera attachment

Drone with camera.

From the ground

In Air

Hydraulic Platform

Suspended platform

Ropes

Drone

Additional

Inspection by robot, thermography, etc.

NDT, like UT in bonding area, shearography, instrumental knocking test, etc.

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Blade Inspection Process• Blade inspections are

performed from the ground using a high zoom camera/ lens

• The turbine is stopped and the blades rotated to the optimum viewing position

• The entire blade surface is photographed- shells, root, leading edge, trailing edge

• Particular attention paid to find certain types of damage:

ￚ Leading edge erosion

ￚ Lightning strikesￚ Impact damage

Early Intervention Quantitative Results

Intervene early, reduce costs, reduce downtime

Number of damages that require turbine downtime has been reduced by 30 percentage points over the last 6 years

Blade Inspection and Early Intervention Performance

Results of a 5 year early intervention campaign:

EVOLUTION OF DAMAGES BLADES

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

DAMAGE % % % % % %

CAT 1 29,3% 33,7% 38,8% 35,0% 43,8% 39,2%

CAT 2 24,8% 27,4% 31,7% 26,7% 24,0% 39,8%

CAT 3 23,5% 20,7% 13,6% 22,0% 16,2% 17,6%

CAT 4 14,2% 11,7% 11,0% 12,8% 12,3% 2,6%

CAT 5 6,5% 4,8% 3,8% 3,0% 3,3% 0,7%

SCRAP 1,7% 1,7% 1,0% 0,4% 0,3% 0,1%

Results of Inspection Campaign

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 4 CAT 5 SCRAP

Blades inspected vs damage categorization

Results of Inspection Campaign

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 4 CAT 5 SCRAP

From a failure rate of ~ 46% to 16%

Preventive inspection = reducing categorization

Results of Inspection Campaign

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 4 CAT 5 SCRAP

From 1000 blades to be repaired, 143 turbines stopped in 2009

From 1500 blades to be repaired, 20 turbines stopped in 2015

Blades Service PerformanceResults in terms of costs are showed in the table below:

Benefits of Proactive Inspection and Early Intervention of Blades

Vestas De-icing SystemVestas Wind Systems A/S

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System performance

Vestas De-icing: Where it matters

• Target area is the outer 1/3 of the blade, fullchord & 2/3 of leading edge

• Production recovery target - min 90% on power curve

• Controlled de-icing cycle to reduce ice throw

• Minimize risk of run back icing due to large chordwise blade heating area

Vestas De-icing System

Confidential

• 90% of the aerodynamic performance comesfrom the tip end of the blade*

• Ice accretion typically starts at the tip, movesup the leading edge, and eventually will cover the full chord starting from tip end

*John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Wind Turbine Performance under Icing Conditions Published online 29 October 2007 in Wiley Interscience(www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/we.258

Blade with Ice

Vestas De-icing Blade

Leading Edge

Vestas De-icing : System at a glance

VDS specification for V112/V117/V126/V136 MW

• Active de-icing system, triggered automatically or manually • Stop during de-icing, with simultaneous de-icing cycles of the rotor set• Solution is based on hot air flow methodology in the blades• Power curve based ice detection, monitored and controllable from SCADA, with option

settings• Designed to optimize production under cold climates that causes the power curve to degrade

or causes a complete standstill of the turbine• De-icing time under 2 hours for complete rotor set• Nominal power consumption is approx. 105 kW , peak power consumption is 150 kW• Within operational envelope, the result is minimum 90% on power curve

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Designed for production optimization

Vestas De-icing System

Vestas De-icing: When it matters

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Break-even model integrated in de-icing trigger mechanism

Vestas De-icing System

Trigger

• The break-even point is a setting in the control system, and can be tailored to the de-icing strategy through SCADA

• Can be set to automatically trigger at different wind speeds

• Manual trigger option available through SCADA