Benefits of compliance with the acquis in the potential candidate countries Summary Results from...

Benefits of compliance with the acquis in the potential candidate countries

Summary Results from benefits study:

On former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Albania, Serbia, incl. Kosovo, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Montenegro

(Arcadis-Ecolas, IEEP, Metroeconomica and Enviro-L)

Patrick ten Brink (IEEP), Ljupco Avramovski (Enviro-L), Stijn Vermoote (Arcadis Ecolas), Samuela Bassi (IEEP), Karen Callebaut (Arcadis Ecolas), Arnoud Lust (Arcadis Ecolas), Alistair Hunt (Metroeconomica)

Patrick ten Brink Senior Fellow and Head of Brussels Office

Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)www.ieep.eu

Priority Environmental Investment Programme (PEIP) – CARDS Regional

Regional Meeting for Senior Officials from SEE and Donors’ Community

26th NovemberBrussels, Belgium

http://www.ieep.eu/

Aim of SEE Benefits Study

Explore and estimate the environmental, economic, and social benefits likely to arise from the full implementation of the EU env. legislation in the SEE countries - the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Albania, Serbia, incl. Kosovo, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Montenegro.

Get a full and better understanding of the real effects of their accession to the EU – covering benefits and not only costs.

And ensure that environmental concerns are given the attention, priority and funding that they deserve.

Aim of this presentation – give an overview as to the results

Each country that wishes to join the EU needs to implement the body of EU environmental law, known as the ‘Acquis Communautaire’,

This comprises around 300 Environmental Directives and Regulations, including daughter Directives and amendments + environmental aspects of legislation in other sectors

Transposition : Legislative compliance

Getting administrative capacity in place

Implementing legislation – identifying (best/appropriate new) projects; covering investment costs; finding funding/finance,

Operation/maintenance (possible upgrade) of environmental infrastructure

Monitoring and enforcing legislation

The Implementation Challenge

SEE Benefits Studies

What can be said in what terms and what was explored?

Valuation

and

Quantification

and

Description

of

Benefits

Monetary Value

Quantitative Review of Effects

Non-Specified Benefits

Full Range of Effects

Air Water Waste Nature

Qualitative Review

ChemicalsNuclear

Yes Yes Yes Yes

yesyes

NoNoElements

Yes

How much would the reduced emissions and damages avoided by

implementing EU directives be worth?

Quantitative: Level of

emissions reduced

E.g. how many cases of

respiratory diseases are

avoided?

Type of

benefits – eg health impac

ts, cleane

r water

Need to be realistic about what can be said in what terms and to what audience.

Benefit Type Air Water Waste Nature

Health Avoided respiratory illnesses and premature deaths

Households access to and confidence in clean drinking water, clean bathing waters

Reduced risk of poisoning and accidents due to methane leakage

Access to nature positive for health; nature ‘green lungs’

Resources Avoided damage to buildings and crops

Cleaner groundwater (aquifers) (less pre-treatment) and surface waters, bathing waters

Reduced input of primary material, energy generation

Local produce + ecosystem services (water purification)

Eco-systems Avoided global warming from CO2 emissions

Improved river water quality (+ biodiversity / eco-system stability / health)

Avoided global warming from CH4 emissions

Protected areas and species

Social Improved access to cultural heritage (less damage to historic buildings)

Angling and recreation in rivers, lakes and beaches

Awareness of own responsibility and impacts on the environment

Access to protected areas – individuals, communities, work

Wider Economic

Cultural tourism.Attracting investment.Employment from environmental goods

Increased tourism to recognised clean beaches; reducing pre-treatment costs and attracting investment

Reduced primary materials imports. Attracting investment given locational quality.

Eco-tourism and general nature tourism

Benefits of Action types

Air Pollution related benfitsQuantitative Assessment – Results

(fewer cases of chronic bronchitis & early mortality)

AIR -

QUANTITATIVE ALBANIA BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA FYR MACEDONIA

INDICATOR OF

IMPACTS ON

MORBIDITY

395 (domestic + external) 137 (domestic)

1.271 (domestic + external) 164 (domestic)


INDICAROT OF

IMPACTS ON

MORTALITY




KOSOVO UNDER UNSCR

1244 MONTENEGRO SERBIA

INDICATOR OF

IMPACTS ON

MORBIDITY




INDICAROR OF

IMPACTS ON

MORTALITY




TOTAL SEE COUNTRIES (EXCEPT CROATIA)* INDICATOR OF

IMPACTS ON

MORBIDITY

6.050 (domestic + external) 1.441 (domestic)

INDICAROT OF

IMPACTS ON

MORTALITY


Monetary Assessment - Results

AIR - MONETARY

ALBANIA BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA FYR MACEDONIA

BENEFIT VALUE

LINKED TO

PREMATURE

DEATH

59-105 MEUR/y: domestic 295 MEUR/y: domestic + external

72-128 MEUR/y: domestic 1.150 MEUR/y: domestic + external


KOSOVO UNDER UNSCR

1244 MONTENEGRO SERBIA

BENEFIT VALUE

LINKED TO

PREMATURE

DEATH




TOTAL SEE COUNTRIES (EXCEPT CROATIA)* BENEFIT VALUE

LINKED TO

PREMATURE

DEATH

631-1.115 MEUR/y: domestic

Remarks:•The gaseous pollutants (NMVOC, SO2, NOX, NH3) comprise almost 73% of the benefits;•PM10 comprise almost 27% of the total benefits; •Avoided early mortality is generally the largest source of benefit (ca. 64%);•Morbidity reduced benefits account generally for ca. 32% whilst reduced damage to materials and to crops account for 4% and 0,0001% respectively;

*: total monetary benefits (linked to premature death) for the SEE countries (except Croatia) resulting from the summation of domestic efforts to comply with the EU acquis in the field of air.

Benefits - Water

Health benefits Households benefiting from connection to (improved) quality water

Resource benefits

Reduction of contaminants in surface water

Ecosystem benefits

Likely changes in river and lake water quality

Social benefits Confidence in drinking water

Wider economic benefits

Employment via tourism related to water recreation

Water: Monetary assessment

Water - Monetary Total SEE-countries (except Croatia)

Annual benefit of drinking waters

654 MEUR/year

Annual benefit of improved surface water (use value)

71.1-186.9 MEUR/year

Annual benefit of improved ecosystem quality of surface water (non-use value)

18.3 MEUR/year

Total discounted benefits over 20 years

6,133-7,307 MEUR

Waste: Qualitative Assessment

In general the region faces large problems with:

• wild waste dumps and non-compliant landfills, • the lack of a well organised waste collection system and lack of separate collection of waste streams • lack of regional sanitary landfills and • lack of decent hazardous waste management

The need for the establishment of a well functioning waste stream data system and investments in public awareness raising events is a priority for all of the countries under investigation.

Waste: Qualitative Assessment

Health benefits

Lower pollution to groundwater and surface water Reduced health and explosions risks as well as lower impact on global warming as methane emissions from landfills are captured and made to generate energy. Reduced health risks by improved treatment and disposal of hazardous waste

Resource benefits

Increased efficiency in the use of material and reduced production of primary material as a result of higher levels of recycling. The recovery of energy is increased through the Incineration Directive.

Ecosystem benefits

Benefits to eco-systems and other environmental resources as emissions from waste activities into air, water and soil are reduced (avoided leachate, methane emissions) – reduced pressure

Social benefits Reduced discrimination by fewer low income households living close to unprotected landfills, etc.

Wider economic benefits

Lower costs for waste collection, treatment and disposal, as less waste will be produced.

Waste: Quantitative Assessment

WASTE- QUANTITATIVE TOTAL SEE COUNTRIES (EXCEPT CROATIA)*

REDUCED LEVELS OF METHANE EMISSIONS (LANDFILL DIRECTIVE) 70-690

LANDFILL DISPOSAL LEVELS (LANDFILL DIRECTIVE) Average between 64 to 54% of non-implementation levels (depending on further investments in waste incineration or not)

RECYCLING LEVELS (PACKAGING AND PACKAGING WASTE

DIRECTIVE)

for paper: +519 ktonnes; for glass: +245 ktonnes; for plastic: +60 ktonnes; and for metals: +56 ktonnes

Total: 883 ktonnes/ year

Benefits from Nature Directives in SEE

• Environmental benefits Increased protected areas coverage: from 6 to 13% on

average Increase in the level of protection: eg of relict lakes

ecosystems in Albania, FYROM and Kosovo Increased connectivity between protected areas: eg reduced

fragmentation in FYROM due to infrastructures, overuse of resources etc

Reduced threats/risks to species and habitats: eg wetlands destruction, intensive agriculture etc threatening birds in Kosovo

Eco-system benefits: eg reduced soil erosion from deforestation in Albania

Improved environmental data – especially in Kosovo and B-H

Now

Reduced threats, improved mgt

Quality

1900

Quantity

1950

2000

1000

Transformation of Europe to Agricultural economy

Pollution starts to have major effect on quality

Quality

Quantity

With EU Acquis

Further potential possible

Designation of new areas as Natura 2000

Approach: Nature benefits

Qualitative benefits: environmental – social - economic Quantitative benefits: expected increase in protected

areas sizeMonetary benefits: n/a

Quantification: size of protected areas

• Current level of protected areas: from 0.5% (B-H) to 9% (Albania)

• Planned coverage: from 10% (Kosovo/Serbia) to 16% (B-H) • Planned growth of 1.3 million ha new forests in Serbia• Potential further increase of protected areas – eg towards

EU average: 15-30%

Country Current coverage (% ) Future expected coverage (% ) Albania 9% 14.5% Bosnia-Herzegovina 0.5% 16% FYROM 7.3% 12% Kosovo 4.3% 10% Montenegro 8% 15%* Serbia 6.5% 10% Average SEE countries 5.9% 12.9%

Overall conclusions of the study

• Approximately 6050 equivalent cases of chronic bronchitis / 4475 fewer cases of premature death arising from lung cancer could be avoided per year

• Air benefits : annual benefit 631 to 1.115 million EUR, • 55% to 94% of population benefiting from quality improvements of

drinking water / 6.3 million households • Drinking water quality benefits : around 654 million EUR/year• Benefits of an improved surface water quality : 114 to 389 million

EUR/year • Total Water Benefits: 750 - 893 million EUR/year• Total benefits air and water: 1,4 - 2 billion EUR/year • Reduction of methane emissions from landfills: 70 - 191 ktonnes/year• decrease in landfill disposal levels to around 64 to 54% of the non-

implementation levels.• Level of nature protected areas increases from 0.5% - 8% of the territory to

about 10% - 16% • Level of management and protection expected to improve. The SEE countries

will add to the wealth of EU biodiversity and ecosystems.

Overall conclusions of the study• Implementation of the EU environmental acquis leads to very

important environmental, economic and social benefits for the SEE countries

• When comparing these benefits with the associated costs, careful interpretation is needed, taking into account qualitative, quantified and monetised benefits and the uncertainty margins

• Understanding of Benefits should help confirm priority for action.

Results hopefully useful for:

National ministries of environment National ministries of health, labour and consumer protection Regional authorities For municipalities For inspectorates/enforcement agencies For the European commission - for a basis for dialogue

Good for the environment – with economic and social benefits Supporting move to EU accession

Benefits of compliance with the acquis in the potential candidate countries

IEEP is an independent not for profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and

dissemination.

Thank you

Patrick ten Brink Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)

www.ieep.eu Building on work by the team:

Arcadis-Ecolas, IEEP, Metroeconomica & Enviro-L

Priority Environmental Investment Programme (PEIP) – CARDS Regional

Regional Meeting for Senior Officials from SEE and Donors’ Community

26th NovemberBrussels, Belgium

http://www.ieep.eu/

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