Beneficial & Pest Complexes Fruit Industry

Natural Resources Conservation District (NRCS) & Washington

Conservation District(s)

Robert Koch, Feb.19.2009

Pest 2

Codling Moth (CM)Cydia pomonella

• Codling moths have finely mottled gray wings, larvae are white to pinkish with a brown head, body lenght (15 mm)

• Adult moths body length (9 mm) wingspan (20 mm)

Pest 3

CM Eggs

• CM eggs, laid singular on upper side of leaf, (1mm) circular and flatten

• Mature eggs become creamy white in color

Pest 4

CM Damage

Pest 5

Obliquebanded Leafroller (OBLR)Choristoneura rosacena

• OBLR larvae (up to 18-25 mm in length) body color varies greatly, greenish in color black to brownish head with a black thoracic shield

Pest 6

OBLR Eggs & Adults

• Egg Masses (7 to 14 mm in length), up to 200 eggs per mass, yellowish to green in color, found on the upper leaf surface

• Adults are brown with chocolate bars on back of wings (25 mm wingspan)

• Body length (19-25 mm)

Pest 7

OBLR DAMAGE

• Topical feeding, no tunneling

Pest 8

OBLR Adult & Leaf Rolling

Pest 9

Pandemis Leafroller (PL)Pandemis limitata

Pest 10

PL

• Head/Thoracic Shield: Green to Light tan, Body is green

• Eggs yellowish to green, 50 to 300 eggs on upper leaf surface

• Adults (13 to 18 mm)• Brown, banded

pattern center in middle of back

Pest 11

PL Damage

Pest 12

Pear Psylla (PP) Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)

Pest 13

Western Cherry Fruit Fly Rhagoletis indifferens Curran

Pest 14

Walnut Husk Fly Rhagoletis completa Cresson

Pest 15

Apple Maggot (AM) Phagoletis pomonella (Walsh)

Pest 16

Comparison

• Walnut Husk Fly

• Apple Maggot

• Cherry Fruit Fly

Pest 17

Two Spotted Spider Mites (TSSM)Tetranychus urticas Koch

Pest 18

McDaniel Mites (MM)Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor

Pest 19

European Red MitesPanonychus ulmi Koch

Pest 20

ERM Eggs

• Over winter eggs on rough bark, many thousands can exist, spring/summer, eggs on under side of leaf

• Red, globular, hatch begins at TC to Pink

• Hatch every few days in extended hot days

Pest 21

ERM & Damage

• Immature are orange to reddish

• Adults Females are red, males are yellowish and smaller

• ERM can populate quickly causing “Bronzing,” disrupting tree phenology

Pest 22

Pear Rust Mite (PRM)Epitrimerus pyri (Nalepa)

• Overwinter in bark cervices

• Females emerge as buds expand and infest clusters

• Pops expansion in cooler temps and occur quickly

• Damage russet on fruit

Pest 23

Apple Rust Mite (ARM)Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa)

• Overwinter as an adult “Deutogynes”

• Eggs hatch in spring and multiple generation exist during the summer

• Considered a food supply for beneficial, bronzing can occur

Pest 24

Grape Mealybug (GMB)Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn)

• Females are crawlers, cottony white coloration

• Nymphs are crawlers pink to salmon color

• Males are winged

Pest 25

Western Flower Thrips (WFT)Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)

• WFT emerge during P to B, damage is called Pansy Spot, Goldens & Granny Smith

Pest 26

Ambrosia Beetle or European Shothole Borer Xyleborus saxeseni

Shothole Borer or Fruittree Bark Beetle Scolytus rugulosus Muller

• Ambrosia Beetle (AB) • Shothole Borer (SHB)

Pest 27

Campylomma or Mullein Plant Bug (CAM) (Campylomma verbasci (Meyer)

• Pest (feeds on flowers and fruitlet at bloom)

• Predatory (feed on aphids, pear psylla)

Pest 28

Green Apple Aphid (GAA)Aphis pomi De Geer

Pest 29

Rosy Apple Aphid (RAA)Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini

Quick moving colonies

Pest 30

Woolly Apple Aphid (WAA)Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausman)

Pest 31

Apple Grain Aphid (AGA)Phopalosiphum fitchii (Sanderson)

Pest 32

Black Cherry Aphid (BCA)Myzus cerasi (Fabricius)

Pest 33

Stink Bugs (SB) Hemiptera: PentatomidaeLygus Bug (LB)or Tarnished Plant Bug: Lygus Lineolaris (Palisot de

Beauvois)Western Boxelder Bug (BB) Leptocoris rubrolineatus Barber

• LB

• SB

• BB

Pest 34

White Apple Leafhopper (WAL) Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee

Western Tentiform Leafminer (WTL) Phyllonorycter elmaella Doganlar & Mutuura

Lacanobia Fruitworm (LAC) or cutworm Lacanobia subjuncta

• WAL

• WTL

• LAC

Pest 35

San Jose Scale (SJS)Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)

Pest 36

SLS Damage

Pest 37

Powdery Mildew Erysiphe necator (PM)

• Fungus, any leaf tissueis susceptible

Pest 38

Fire Blight (FB) Erwina amyivora

• Bacteria pathogen

Pest 39

Apple Scab Venturia inaequalis

• Fungus

Beneficial 40

Lacewings Neuropter:Chrysopdia

Beneficial 41

Lady Beetles Coleoptera: Coccinellidae

Beneficial 42

Hover or Flower or Syrphid Flies Scaeva pyrastri (Linneaus) or Eupeodes volucris Osten

Sacken

Beneficial 43

Predatory Midge or Cecidomyiid Bugs

Beneficial 44

Deraeocoris Bug Deraeocoris flavilinea

Anthocorid Bugs • Deraeocoris Bug

• Anthocorid Bugs

Pirate Bugs

Minute Pirate Bugs

Beneficial 45

Damsel or Nabid Bugs Hempitera: Nabidae

Beneficial 46

Rough Plant Bug Brochymena spp.

Beneficial 47

Big Eyed Bug Geocoris spp

Beneficial 48

Western Predatory Mite Typhlodromus occidentalis (Nesbitt)

Beneficial 49

Zetzellia Predatory Mites Zetzellia mali

Beneficial 50

Tachinid Flies Tachinidae spp

Beneficial 51

Eulophid Wasp Pnigalio flavipes (Ashmead)

Beneficial 52

Predatory WaspColcoclypeus florus

Beneficial 53

Predatory Wasp Aphelinus mali

FIN

Pest 55

Lesser Apple Worm (LAW)Grapholita prunivora (Walsh)

Pest 56

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)Grapholita molesta

Pest 57

Plum Curculio (PC)Conotrachelus nenuphar

Pest 58

Red Banded Leafroller (RBLR)Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker)

Pest 59

Light Brown Apple Moth (LBAM)Epiphyas postvittana

Pest 60

European Apple Sawfly (EAS)Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug)