Benchmark SC.F.1.2.4: The student knows that similar cells form different kinds of structures Ophir...
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Transcript of Benchmark SC.F.1.2.4: The student knows that similar cells form different kinds of structures Ophir...
Benchmark SC.F.1.2.4: The student knows that similar
cells form different kinds of structures
Ophir Ortiz
GLE’s Covered in this Presentation
• Fourth1. knows that living things are composed of cells.2. knows that processes needed for life are carried out by the cells.
• Fifth 1. uses magnifying tools to identify similar cells and different kinds of structures.
2. knows the parts of plants and animal cells. 3. understands how similar cells are organized to form
structures (for example, tissue, organs) in plants and animals.
Outline• What is a cell? • “How Big” Applet 1• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells• Parts of Bacteria Cells • Hands-On Activity 1/ Worksheet 1• Parts of Plant Cells (hyperlinked)• Parts of Animal Cells (hyperlinked)• Parts of a Cell Applet 2/ Worksheet 2• Brain Pop Video 1: Cell Structure• Hands-On Activity 2: Build Model of Animal Cell and Plant Cell using Play-doh and Candy/Pasta• Brain Pop Video 2: Cell Specialization• Nutrient Transport into Cells• Hands-On Activity 3/ Worksheet 3: Nutrient Transport into Cell Membrane • Tissues- Animal (human) and Plant• Organs- Human• Organs Game Applet 3
• Appendix- Play-doh recipe, Additional Resources/Links
Cell Overview
• All living organisms are made up of cells
• “building blocks of life”
• Mold on bread, your dog, pine trees, etc. are all made up of cells
• Cells are so small, they need to be magnified to be seen
• Microscopes are used to magnify cells
There are more than 10 trillion cells, and over 200 types of cells in the human body, that very
greatly in size, shape, and function!!!
Cell Overview
Why are cells important?
• Cells can:– take in nutrients, – convert these nutrients into energy – carry out specialized functions – reproduce as necessary
• Each cell stores its own set of instructions (DNA) for carrying out each of these activities
• Depending on the type of cell, DNA may be stored inside the nucleus, or it is free floating inside the cell
CELL NUCLEUSThe Command Center
The cell nucleus acts like the “command center” of the cell
It regulates all cell activity
It consists of a nuclear envelope, (the outer membrane) and nucleoplasm
In the nucleoplasm you can see chromatin and the nucleolus
http://biology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/textbook/chapter3/chapter3.htm
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
• There are two general classes of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic Cells: found in one-celled organisms; do not have a nucleus
(bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells: found in organisms composed of many cells; cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
(plant cells, animal cells)
Parts of Bacteria CellsCell Part Function
cell wall maintain shape
capsule protection
flagella long “arms”, for movement
nucleoid where DNA is located
pili these help cells attach to each other
plasma membrane cell covering that allows certain nutrients into or out of the cell
What is bacteria?
• Bacteria are one-celled organisms that reproduce very quickly
• Some are good, some are bad!
• Good bacteria are in your stomach, in yogurt, and in bread. Yum!
Leptospira, which causes serious disease in livestock
“Caught Dirty-Handed”
Reference:
http://www.microbe.org/experiment/dirty-handed.asp
Hands-on Activity 1/ Worksheet 1
Parts of Animal Cells
Cell Part Function
cell membrane covering that controls nutrients into or out of the cell
centriole important in cell division process
centrosome important in cell division process
cytoskeleton a “skeleton” inside the cell
cytosol the “soup” inside cells
endoplasmic reticulum makes “proteins”
(we need proteins to live, like those found in meat and nuts)
golgi “packages” molecules for transport
Parts of Animal Cells (cont’d)
Cell Part Function
lysosome kills bacteria
mitochondrion makes energy for the cell to function
nucleolus inside the nucleus
nucleus control center of the cell, contains DNA
peroxisome for protection
secretory vesicle “packages” certain chemicals
vacuole helps in getting rid of waste products
Parts of Plant Cells
Cell Part Function
cell membrane covering that controls nutrients into or out of the cell
cell wall protective barrier
centrosome important in cell division process
chloroplast contains chlorophyll
cytoskeleton helps maintain shapte
cytosol “soup” inside the cell
endoplasmic reticulum makes “proteins”
Parts of Plant Cells
Cell Part Function
golgi “packages” molecules for transport
lysosome kills bacteria
mitochondrion makes energy for the cell to function
nucleus control center of the cell, contains DNA
nucleolus inside the nucleus
peroxisome for protection
vacuole helps in getting rid of waste products
Brain Pop Video 1:Cell Structures
In this exercise, the student will become familiar with the different parts of the animal cell and the plant cell. This will be accomplished by using playdoh as the “cytoplasm”, seran wrap as the “cell membrane”, and various candies and pasta for other components of the cells.
Reference:
http://www.edu.pe.ca/gray/class_pages/rcfleming/cells/demos.htm
Hands-on Activity 2:Build Animal and Plant Cell Models using Play-doh and Candy/Pasta
Finished Model of Animal Cell
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi
Apparatus
Vacuole
VacuoleSecretory
Vesicle
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Finished Model of Plant Cell
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Golgi
ApparatusCell Wall
(Al. foil)
Cell Membrane
(Seran wrap)
Peroxisome
ER
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Brain Pop Video 2:Cell Specialization
How do Nutrients Enter Cells?
• Just like we need food to get energy, cells also need food (nutrients)
• All cells have a thin cover called the cell membrane
• Nutrients must pass through this cover (membrane) in order to get inside the cell– One way in which nutrients enter the cell is
called “Diffusion”
• Objective:- This shows how nutrients (iodine) pass, or diffuse, through the cell
membrane (plastic bag)• Materials:
– Beaker – Iodine– Cornstarch– Sealable plastic sandwich bags
• Procedure:Step 1: Place 2 tsp. cornstarch in bagStep 2: Squeeze out as much air as possible, then seal bag.Step 3: Pour 1c. (~240mL) water into beakerStep 4: Add 20 drops of iodine into beaker with waterStep 5: Place bag inside beaker, making sure all of cornstarch comes into
contact with iodine/water mixtureStep 6: Wait 25 min; most of the cornstarch will turn purple
Hands-on Activity 3/ Worksheet 3: Nutrients through the Cell
Membrane (Diffusion)
• The simplest living creatures are composed of simple cells, but in complex organisms such as human beings and plants, the hierarchy continues on to the tissue level
• Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function
What Happens When a Number of Cells Get Together???
Tissue Type Description Where it is found in the body
Epithelium Cover organ surfaces
Skin, digestive tract
Connective Holds everything together
Blood, bone, cartilate
Muscle Has filaments that contract
Muscles
Nervous Main component of nervous system
Brain, spinal cord
Human Tissues
Plant Tissues
Type of Tissue Description Where it is found in plant
Meristematic Division of new cells for new growth or repair
Inside plant body
Epidermis Cells forming the outer surface
Cover leaves, plant body
Vascular Transport fluids and nutrients
Inside plant body
Ground Manufactures nutrients by photosynthesis
Center of plant body
• An organ is a structure composed of at least two tissue types
• Examples of organs in humans include kidneys, spleen, liver, heart, lungs
Organs
• 2 1/2 cups of flour• 1/2 cup salt• 2 packages dry unsweetened Kool-Aid• 2 cups boiling water• 3 tablespoons oil
Recipe obtained from:http://k2.kirtland.cc.mi.us/~balbachl/kidrecip.htm#Doh
Recipe for Play-doh
• Bacteria hands-on activity: How Do You Make Perfect Yogurt?
http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=2515
• Experiments dealing with bacteria/germshttp://www.microbe.org/experiment/experiments.asp
• “Cells Alive” interactive website http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm
• Link to Free BrainPop Short Videos, various topicshttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078617022/student_view0/
brainpop_movies.html
Additional Resources/ Links
• Various science- related applets http://www.iknowthat.com/com/L3?Area=Science+Lab&COOK
• Animal Cell Coloring - general animal cell, coloring
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellcolor.html
• Plant Cell Coloring - plant cellhttp://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellcolor-plant.html
• Cell Theory Rap - poem to help learn about cellshttp://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellrap.html
Additional Resources/ Links
Cell City Analogy - worksheet that describes a city, comparing to organelles
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cell-analogy.html
Organs Game (from Slide ) and other virtual games dealing with the human body
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/index_interactivebody.shtml
Animal Tissue slides
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookAnimalTS.html
Plant tissuehttp://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/botf99/tissimages/tiss1.html
Additional Resources/ Links