Belonging Everywhere & Nowhere: Correne Saunders, MPP Catherine E. Born, Ph.D. Pamela C. Ovwigho,...
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Transcript of Belonging Everywhere & Nowhere: Correne Saunders, MPP Catherine E. Born, Ph.D. Pamela C. Ovwigho,...
![Page 1: Belonging Everywhere & Nowhere: Correne Saunders, MPP Catherine E. Born, Ph.D. Pamela C. Ovwigho, Ph.D. Paper presented at the 48 th annual workshop of.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56a44/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Belonging Everywhere & Nowhere:
Correne Saunders, MPP
Catherine E. Born, Ph.D.
Pamela C. Ovwigho, Ph.D.
Paper presented at the 48th annual workshop of the National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics
This research was funded by the Maryland Department of Human Resources
August 2008
Children in Non-Parental TANF Cases
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Background
• Rising proportion of non-parental TANF cases in most states.
• Non-parental TANF cases are exempt from most TANF requirements.
Despite involvement with other public programs such as child support and child welfare, they are not the target population of any program
& may have unmet service needs.
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TANF focuses on case types
Maryland’s TANF caseload (10/05)
N = 22,793
Adult on Grant61%
Child Only39%
![Page 4: Belonging Everywhere & Nowhere: Correne Saunders, MPP Catherine E. Born, Ph.D. Pamela C. Ovwigho, Ph.D. Paper presented at the 48 th annual workshop of.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56a44/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Non-Parental, Adult on Grant
3%
Parental, Adult on Grant62%
Parental, Child Only11%
Non-Parental, Child Only
24%
Case types don’t always line up with family relationships
Children in Maryland’s active TANF caseload (10/05)N = 43,270
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Relationships in non-parental cases
27.0%
4.5%
2.8%
64.3%
28.3%
73.0%
Living w/Parent Grandchild/Great-grandchild Niece/Nephew Cousin Sibling
One out of four TANF children live with a relative. Most are grandchildren.
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Children’s ages
Children living with relatives tend to be older than children in parental cases.
10.9%18.3%
23.7%22.4%
36.6%
41.7%
39.0%37.9%
34.3%
38.4%32.2% 36.6%
18.3%
5.2% 3.1%1.6%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Child Only Adult on Grant Child Only Adult on Grant
13-18 years6-12 years1-5 yearsLess than 1 year
Non-Parental Parental
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Welfare History
Children in non-parental cases and those with a non-recipient parent have longer welfare histories.
15.0
38.1
58.966.6
12.3
38.4
59.3 61.1
15.0
40.0
58.1 60.7
11.3
30.1
40.2 39.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
3 yrs or younger 4 to 7 years 8 to 12 years 13 to 18 years
Child Age
Num
ber
of m
onth
s on
TA
NF
in p
ast
8 1/
2 ye
ars
Non-parental child only Non-parental, adult on grant Parental, child only Parental, adult on grant
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Welfare History: Children Age 7 and Younger
On average, young children in non-parental cases have received TANF for three-fifths of their lives.
58.1% 60.3%
47.8% 44.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Child only Adult on Grant Child only Adult on Grant
Per
cen
t of
Tim
e on
TA
NF
Cas
e
ParentalNon-Parental
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Child Support Status
Children in non-parental TANF cases are slightly more likely to have an active child support case
79.3% 81.2%
64.6%74.8%
19.8% 16.2%
31.2%20.6%
0.9% 2.6% 4.3% 4.6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Child Only Adult on Grant Child Only Adult on Grant
Unknown
Known butInactive in 10/05
Known & Activeto CSES in 10/05
Non-Parental Parental
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Paternity Status
Children living with relatives are more likely to be waiting for paternity establishment
9.5% 10.1% 12.2% 9.7%
44.5%50.3%
34.1% 36.7%
37.4%36.3%
44.1% 46.5%
8.6% 9.6% 7.0%3.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Child Only Adult on Grant Child Only Adult on Grant
Not required
Required &Established
Required butnotestablishedUnknown
Non-Parental Parental
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Child Welfare
Children living with relatives are more likely to concurrently receive child welfare-related social services1 and TANF
18.3% 17.7%
10.4% 10.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Child Only Adult on Grant Child Only Adult on Grant
Per
cent
Rec
eivi
ng S
ervi
ces
in 1
0/05
1“Social Services” includes Adoption, Foster Care, Child Protective Services, Kinship Care, Intensive Family Services, Intake,
Requests of Other Agencies, Services to Families, and the Guardianship Assistance Project
Non-Parental Parental
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Kinship Care
However, fewer than 10% of children living with relatives were concurrently receiving formal Kinship Care services
8.4% 5.7%
91.6% 94.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Non-Parental, Child Only Non-Parental, Adult on Grant
Kinship care No kinship care
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Maltreatment
• Complete maltreatment history data are available for children born 1/99 or later.
• Among these young children, those living with relatives were more likely to have been reported as a victim in at least one investigation.
22.2%
12.7%
6.4% 4.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Child Only Adult on Grant Child Only Adult on Grant
Children age 6 and under
Per
cent
Rep
orte
d as
Vic
tim
Non-Parental Parental
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Maltreatment, Cont.
Among those reported as victims of maltreatment, the report was most recent for children in parental child-only cases.
26.323.7
19.823.3
0
12
24
36
Child Only Adult on Grant Child Only Adult on Grant
Victims age 6 and younger
Mea
n #
of
Mon
ths
Sin
ce
Mal
trea
tmen
t In
vest
igat
ion
Non-Parental Parental
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Conclusions
• While many children receiving TANF have risk factors, children in non-parental TANF cases seem to be worse off:– Longer welfare histories
– More likely to be waiting for paternity establishment
– More likely to have been determined to be a victim of child maltreatment
![Page 16: Belonging Everywhere & Nowhere: Correne Saunders, MPP Catherine E. Born, Ph.D. Pamela C. Ovwigho, Ph.D. Paper presented at the 48 th annual workshop of.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070404/56649f395503460f94c56a44/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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Conclusions, Cont.
• While children in non-parental TANF cases are involved with multiple public programs concurrently, it is not clear what services they are actually receiving:– Many are still waiting for paternity establishment before
child support can be ordered
– Few are receiving supportive/long-term social services such as formal Kinship Care
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Implications
• States are beginning to pay more attention to the TANF child only caseload, but our results suggest this is just the tip of the iceberg in terms of cases that may be of concern.
• We need to know more about the children and adults involved in relative TANF cases, which requires further study; and
• It may be time to seriously consider a separate & targeted program for these families in order to prevent gaps in service provision.
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Contact Information
Thank you!
Pamela Ovwigho, Research DirectorFamily Welfare Research & Training Group
University of Maryland, School of Social Work525 W. Redwood St., Baltimore, MD
www.familywelfare.umaryland.edu