Bellwork

Group Work – With your Bell Work Buddy(ies) turn to page 434. Read Main Idea, Why it Matter Now and then look and and define the Terms & Names

Today's Agenda

Bellwork

Announcements

Questions

Bellwork Review

Lecture

Roaring 20s

Objective:

Describe how the battle between traditionalism and modernism manifested itself in the major historical trends and events after World War I and throughout the 1920s.

Standards

US.31 Describe the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the worldwide diffusion of popular culture. (C, G)

US.32 Describe the rise of mass production techniques and the impact of new technologies, including the advent of airplane travel, spread of electricity, popularity of labor saving appliances, and innovations in food processing and food purchasing (Clarence Saunders). (E, G, H, TN)

US.33 Using multiple sources and diverse formats, summarize the impact of the mass production and widespread availability of automobiles on the American economy and society. (C, E, H, G)

The 1920s brought us a lot of new things

http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties

Radio and MoviesUS.31 Describe the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the

worldwide diffusion of popular culture. (C, G)

Radio is Born

KDKA in Pittsburgh in 1920 is regarded as the first Radio Station

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMujQke4mMo

But it wasn't really first:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QItA2_HJRZA

Radio takes off!

Congress passed the first Radio Act in 1912 but it was not until the Radio Act of 1927 that the new medium was brought under federal control.

During the 1920s, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover convened a series of conferences intended to deal with the extraordinary growth of radio as an industry and a fledgling advertising medium.

RCA...

In 1925, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) released statistics indicating that of the 26,000,000 homes in the United States, 5,000,000, or 19.2 percent, had radio receivers, though the number of broadcast listeners was estimated at 20,000,000.

In his Historical Dictionary of the 1920s (1988), James S. Olson notes that sales of radio went from $60 million in 1922 to $843 million in 1929. It is estimated that by 1929, approximately 35 to 40 percent of American families owned radios, and the number ran considerably higher, in some cases up to 75 percent, in both wealthy suburban and larger metropolitan areas.

Radio becomes a marketing tool

By 1925, the Merchandising of Radio begins the appeal of radio ownership to the farm population, immigrants, and women -- as well as to the companies that owned radio stations and sponsored radio programs.

Calvin Coolidge was the first president to use radio to campaign (his address on the night before the 1924 election was believed to have reached more than twenty million people), and the first to broadcast presidential addresses, for example, his annual message to Congress, or the speeches he delivered at the Business Organization of the Government meetings.

Calvin Coolidge realizes power of Radio

A number of items in the Coolidge Papers case file “Radio - General 1923-29” show that political campaigning by radio was based on the same advertising psychology assumed to work for consumers, namely, that the ability of the medium to bring the voice of a stranger right into the listener's home was thought to create greater receptivity and trust (and therefore willingness to vote favorably -- or to buy) than simply reading about the person.

Harding is actually first President on the radio

June 14, 1922:

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/harding-becomes-first-president-to-be-heard-on-the-radio

Two Must-Have Items

The radio and the automobile, the two major consumer products of the 1920s, were both of paramount importance in helping rural dwellers overcome their sense of isolation from each other and from other parts of the country. Farm wives, for example, alone for long hours in the kitchen or doing housework, far removed from other farmhouses, were able to tune in to radio programs and lighten both monotony and loneliness.

Farmers get their news

Radio kept the farmer posted on current market prices, farm-related news from Washington and elsewhere, crop conditions, weather forecasts, and everything affecting his pocketbook. Agricultural extension programs, broadcast daily on the radio, brought the farmer and his wife the most up-to-date agricultural information via lectures by agricultural authorities on soils, fertilizers, cattle economy, poultry raising, and egg production. "Tuning in Pays Kansas," in the February 1926 issue of The Country Gentleman, discusses the ways in which the content of radio broadcasts benefited the farmer financially. The benefits were also thought to include "a better social life on the farm" (p. 73).

Companies begin radio stations

In the early 1920s, many radio stations were owned by local businesses (department stores, insurance companies, newspapers and banks) or aired programs "sponsored" by manufacturers of national consumer products: The Pepsodent Hour, The Victory Hour (sponsored by the Dodge Brothers and named after the new 6-cylinder model cars, named "The Victory"), The Eveready Hour, The Maxwell House Hour, The Champion Spark Plug Hour, and so forth. Even before radio advertising or commercials in the form known now were widespread, radio had become a promotional medium through which businesses could make themselves, their products, and their services known to potential customer.

WSMV and WLAC

WSMV became a nation-wide radio station:

http://www.wsmonline.com/about/

WLAC – Life and Casualty:

http://wwns.com/wlac/history.html

Why “W” and “K” for call signs for radio?

http://www.primermagazine.com/2010/field-manual/know-it-all-w%E2%80%99s-and-k%E2%80%99s-the-history-of-radio-and-television-call-letters

Movies take off – and talkies!

Someone's Top Ten Movies of the 1920s:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXmpg7Cb-4E

Let's go to the movies:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTRdKCfHjdA&index=1&list=PL46DF2BD13C8F3BBF

Studios got their starts in the 1920s

The Major Film Studios: The Big Five

http://www.filmsite.org/20sintro.html

1920s gave us stars that lasted forever:

http://www.1920-30.com/movies/timeline.html

Standard

US.32 Describe the rise of mass production techniques and the impact of new technologies, including the advent of airplane travel, spread of electricity, popularity of labor saving appliances, and innovations in food processing and food purchasing (Clarence Saunders). (E, G, H, TN)

Electricity, Airplanes, Chemicals

The 1920s witnessed a time of great industrial output from the automobile, to film and radio. Chemical industries skyrocketed. The mass production of automobiles, exemplified by the Ford Model T, led to a boom in highway building, travel services, and housing outside of urban areas.

Mass Production was revolutionized by the use of the assembly line, which reduced the cost of automobiles to affordable levels. The steel, petroleum, and glass industries grew in demand with the growth of the automobile industry.

Utilities and Infrastructure take off

Telephone lines, the electric grid, plumbing, and sewer systems all expanded. This placed pressure on local governments to meet growing infrastructure demands.

In 1927 Charles "Lucky Lindy" Lindbergh rose to instant fame with the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight. Advances in aviation would lead to commercial aviation in the next decade.

Radio became the first mass broadcasting medium and became widely used for advertising and entertainment.

Electricity becomes available

The south will not see wide availabilty of electricity until the TVA is created in 1933:

http://gizmodo.com/a-map-of-which-state-had-the-most-electricity-in-1921-510778946

Home Appliances save time and labor

http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/20selectrical.html

General Store

Food without Farming yourself

From Frozen Food to Fast-Food:

http://www.1920-30.com/food/

Clarence Saunders and the first ever-Grocery Store in Memphis:

http://www.mikesmemphistours.com/ClarenceSaundersandPigglyWiggly.html

http://www.pigglywiggly.com/about-us

Standard

US.33 Using multiple sources and diverse formats, summarize the impact of the mass production and widespread availability of automobiles on the American economy and society. (C, E, H, G)

Mobility

Roads, we need Roads...

http://www.1920-30.com/automobiles/

Maybe better roads?

New Road Designs take place (a picture from 1923)

Video Time

Impact of the Model-T:

http://www.history.com/topics/automobiles

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-RZz0Nxsfc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84PHXdE5IV8

Mass Production, Mass Consumption, Mass Culture

Demand for the multitude of new products that emerged in the 1920s was pumped up by a new industry, advertising, which developed new methods of enticing buyers to desire new products through new media like the radio. The advertising industry grew in perfect harmony with the emerging industries of mass culture, especially network radio and Hollywood cinema.

The emergence of broadcast networks and proliferation of studio-linked movie theaters made possible the development of a robust nationwide mass culture. For the first time, a Detroit factory worker, a San Francisco longshoreman, and a Birmingham domestic could be expected to enjoy the same radio programs and watch the same films... and to smoke the same cigarettes and use the same toothpaste promoted on screen and on the radio.

Standards

US.31 Describe the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the worldwide diffusion of popular culture. (C, G)

US.32 Describe the rise of mass production techniques and the impact of new technologies, including the advent of airplane travel, spread of electricity, popularity of labor saving appliances, and innovations in food processing and food purchasing (Clarence Saunders). (E, G, H, TN)

US.33 Using multiple sources and diverse formats, summarize the impact of the mass production and widespread availability of automobiles on the American economy and society. (C, E, H, G)

Stop

1920s Inventions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOUhVKRQREA

The Roaring 20s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RN7ftyZigYs