Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper...
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Transcript of Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper...
![Page 1: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7
On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following:
• All matter is made of ________ which are so small we can't even see them with a microscope.
• Tiny _____________ orbit the nucleus. • Atoms are like letters and when combined they make
______________which are like words.• Different materials have unique atoms. It is the number of
______________ in the nucleus that makes each materials atom unique.• ______________is a fundamental building block of all life on our planet.
It is so important it has its own entire branch of chemistry - organic chemistry.
::
![Page 2: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bellwork, Mon. Sept 10
In a scientific experiment, which variable is the one that is manipulated (changed) by the experimenter?
![Page 3: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bellwork, Tues. Sept 11
Name the 3 atomic particles & list their respective charges.
**Don’t forget to pick up a sheet off my lab bench. Have out your periodic table**
![Page 4: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bellwork, Wed. Sept 12
How many protons, neutrons & electrons are in a neutral atom of Calcium?
**Don’t forget to have out the story on the back of your periodic table and your atom drawings from yesterday**
![Page 5: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bellwork, Thurs. Sept 13
Name 5 elements that you already know.
**Don’t forget to pick up a sheet off my lab bench. Have out your periodic table**
![Page 6: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bellwork, Fri. Sept. 14
Which element is LEAST likely to combine with another element to form a molecule?
- Chlorine (Cl), a halogen- Iron (Fe), a metal- Neon (Ne), a noble gas- Silicon (Si), a metalloid
![Page 7: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bellwork, Mon. Sept. 17
The element silicon is best used for which purpose?
- as a container to keep coffee hot
- as a semiconductor in a computer chip
- as a material to make airplane frames
- as a malleable material for coins and jewelry
**I am stamping Atomic Math work from Friday**
![Page 8: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bell Work, Tues. Sept. 18
How can a scientist, using the periodic table, find an element with properties similar to another element?
- by comparing density - by finding it’s periodic group - by comparing malleability - by comparing atomic weight
![Page 9: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Atom
ATOMS, are the basic particle from which all matter is made. They are so small they cannot be seen even with a microscope.
![Page 10: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Elements ELEMENTS are one or
more identical ATOMS and each element has its own unique atom that looks different than all the other elements.
![Page 11: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Examples
An ELEMENT is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.
Such as:
•aluminum
•zinc
•oxygen
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Subatomic Particles
Each element’s atom is unique due to the number of each subatomic particle that it contains.
Nucleus contains:• Protons – positive + charge• Neutrons – neutral / no charge Orbiting the nucleus are:• Electrons – negative - charge
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The Periodic Table
The PERIODIC TABLE contains information about all the different ELEMENTS.
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Natural vs. Synthetic
The majority of the known elements are naturally occurring, however all elements above 92, are SYNTHETIC meaning they were created in a lab.
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Protons (+)
Elements are organized on the periodic table by their ATOMIC NUMBER, which is the number of PROTONS (+) in the nucleus.
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Electrons (-)
One of an atom’s main goals in life is to remain neutral. Since protons have a positive charge, it would need to have the same number of negative charges (electrons) to remain neutral. The ATOMIC NUMBER, therefore tells us the number of electrons in a neutral atom as well.
5 Positive + -5 Negative = 0 Neutral
![Page 17: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Isotopes Atoms of the same element
can have different numbers of NEUTRONS; the different possible versions of which are called ISOTOPES.
![Page 18: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Atomic Mass
The ATOMIC MASS listed
on the periodic table is an average of the mass of all known isotopes of that element.
You can also think of it as the number of PROTONS and NEUTRONS.
![Page 19: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Neutrons
Round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number and subtract the atomic #
Ex: K 39 – 19 = 20 neutrons.
![Page 20: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Symbols
Hg – Mercury Au – Gold Pb – Lead Sn – Tin Ag – Silver Cu – Copper Fe – Iron K – Potassium Na - Sodium
Black = Solid Blue = Liquid Red = Gas
![Page 21: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Energy Levels
There are up to seven ENERGY LEVELS within the electron cloud on which the electrons orbit the nucleus.
The PERIOD (row) on which an element can be found will tell you how many energy levels there are in an atom of that element.
![Page 22: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Electron Configurations
1st energy level holds 2 electrons
2nd energy level holds 8 electrons
3rd energy level holds 18 electrons
![Page 23: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Valence Electrons
The electrons that reside in the outermost energy level are the only ones involved in chemical bonding and they are called VALENCE ELECTRONS.
You can find out at a glance how many valence electrons an element has by looking at the GROUP NUMBER.
![Page 24: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Groups / Families
• Elements in the same GROUP / FAMILY (column) have similar properties.
• The groups are numbered 1 – 18 from left to right and are typically named after the first element at the top of the group.
• Some groups have other names they are known by however:
![Page 25: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Group 1
ALKALI METALS – do not occur uncombined in nature and are HIGHLY chemically reactive
![Page 26: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Alkali MetalsH
N O F
Cl
Br
I
Li
Na
K
Fr
Be
Mg
Ca
Ra
Sc
Ac
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Rn
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Rb Sr Y XeZr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Al Si P S
B C
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
![Page 27: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Group 2
ALKALINE EARTH METALS – also do not occur uncombined; good conductors
![Page 28: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Alkaline Earth MetalsH
N O F
Cl
Br
I
Li
Na
K
Fr
Be
Mg
Ca
Ra
Sc
Ac
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Rn
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Rb Sr Y XeZr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Al Si P S
B C
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
![Page 29: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Groups 3-12
Transition Metals – also good conductors; form colorful compounds that last a long time since they are not super chemically reactive.
![Page 30: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Rare Earth Metals
![Page 31: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Lanthanides
• Soft, shiny, malleable metals with high conductivity.
• Found in a lot of superconductors and laser technology.
![Page 32: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Lanthanide SeriesH
N O F
Cl
Br
I
Li
Na
K
Fr
Be
Mg
Ca
Ra
Sc
Ac
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Rn
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Rb Sr Y XeZr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Al Si P S
B C
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
La
![Page 33: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Actinides
• They are radioactive!• Many are synthetic meaning
the nuclei are unstable (they break apart easily).
![Page 34: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Actinide SeriesH
N O F
Cl
Br
I
Li
Na
K
Fr
Be
Mg
Ca
Ra
Sc
Ac
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Rn
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Rb Sr Y XeZr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Al Si P S
B C
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
La
Ac
![Page 35: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Metalloids
Along the stair step line – (7) METALLOIDS that have
properties of metals and non-metals are very useful. Especially for their varying abilities to conduct electricity (i.e. SILICON silicon semi-conductors in computer chips).
![Page 36: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Non-Metals
The NON-METALS are not good conductors but they combine with others readily to form compounds.
Many of these elements are crucial in creating and maintaining life (C H N O P S).
![Page 37: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Group 17
HALOGENS - meaning “salt forming” Form salts when combined with Alkali Metals
They are DIATOMIC,
meaning they never exist as a single atom.
![Page 38: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
HalogensH
N O F
Cl
Br
I
Li
Na
K
Fr
Be
Mg
Ca
Ra
Sc
Ac
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Rn
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Rb Sr Y XeZr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Al Si P S
B C
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
**Notice that this is the only family in which the members come in all normal phases**
![Page 39: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Diatomic ElementsH2
N2 O2 F2
Cl2
Br2
I2
Tl At
S
Li
Na
K
Fr
Be
Mg
Ca
Ra
Sc
Ac
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Rn
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Rb Sr Y XeZr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po
Al Si P
B C
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
S
Tl
![Page 40: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Group 18
NOBLE GASES – do not react with other elements.
They are noble, they don’t
mix with commoners.
They are all gases at normal phase (room temperature).
![Page 41: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Noble GasesH
N O F
Cl
Br
I
Li
Na
K
Fr
Be
Mg
Ca
Ra
Sc
Ac
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Rn
Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Rb Sr Y XeZr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Al Si P S
B C
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
![Page 42: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Metallic Characteristicmetallic character increases
nonmetallic character increases
met
allic
cha
ract
er in
crea
ses
non
met
allic
cha
ract
er in
crea
ses
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Li
3
He
2
C
6
N
7
O
8
F
9
Ne
10
Na
11
B
5
Be
4
H
1
Al
13
Si
14
P
15
S
16
Cl
17
Ar
18
K
19
Ca
20
Sc
21
Ti
22
V
23
Cr
24
Mn
25
Fe
26
Co
27
Ni
28
Cu
29
Zn
30
Ga
31
Ge
32
As
33
Se
34
Br
35
Kr
36
Rb
37
Sr
38
Y
39
Zr
40
Nb
41
Mo
42
Tc
43
Ru
44
Rh
45
Pd
46
Ag
47
Cd
48
In
49
Sn
50
Sb
51
Te
52
I
53
Xe
54
Cs
55
Ba
56
Hf
72
Ta
73
W
74
Re
75
Os
76
Ir
77
Pt
78
Au
79
Hg
80
Tl
81
Pb
82
Bi
83
Po
84
At
85
Rn
86
Fr
87
Ra
88
Rf
104
Db
105
Sg
106
Bh
107
Hs
108
Mt
109
Mg
12
Ce
58
Pr
59
Nd
60
Pm
61
Sm
62
Eu
63
Gd
64
Tb
65
Dy
66
Ho
67
Er
68
Tm
69
Yb
70
Lu
71
Th
90
Pa
91
U
92
Np
93
Pu
94
Am
95
Cm
96
Bk
97
Cf
98
Es
99
Fm
100
Md
101
No
102
Lr
103
La
57
Ac
89
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
METALS
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Metals and Nonmetals
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Properties
• A PROPERTY is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed.
• A PHYSICAL PROPERTY is one that can be observed without changing the substance.
• A CHEMICAL PROPERTY can only be observed while changing the substance.
![Page 45: Bellwork Fri. Sept. 7 On your bellwork sheet write “Bill Nye” and on a separate sheet of paper copy down the following: All matter is made of ________.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649e7c5503460f94b7ec6b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Physical Properties• Malleability - the ability to be hammered into a
thin sheet
• Ductility - the ability to be stretched into a wire
• Melting/Freezing/Boiling point – temperature at which phase change occurs
• Density – the amount of matter in a given volume D=m/v
• Solubility – ability to dissolve in another substance
• Specific heat - the amount of heat required to heat a substance 1 degree Celsius
• Luster - shiny, dull