BELLWORKBELLWORK1.1. How did the National Assembly limit the power of the How did the National Assembly limit the power of the

Catholic Church?Catholic Church?2.2. What did the Constitution of 1791 rule?What did the Constitution of 1791 rule?3.3. What type of government did French moderates & radicals What type of government did French moderates & radicals

want?want?4.4. How did war with Austria in 1792 affect views of the French How did war with Austria in 1792 affect views of the French

monarchy?monarchy?5.5. What happened to the monarchs when they tried to flee What happened to the monarchs when they tried to flee

Paris?Paris?6.6. What were the “September Massacres?” How did this mark What were the “September Massacres?” How did this mark

a shift in government? a shift in government? 7.7. THINKER: Prior to 1792, the National Assembly still THINKER: Prior to 1792, the National Assembly still

supported a monarchy, but after 1792, the National supported a monarchy, but after 1792, the National Assembly decided a monarchy, although limited, is corrupt Assembly decided a monarchy, although limited, is corrupt and ineffective. What caused this change in opinion? and ineffective. What caused this change in opinion?

Declaration of the Rights of the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the CitizenMan and of the Citizen

What was this important document? What was this important document? What influenced this important document?What influenced this important document? To learn more about it, you will now To learn more about it, you will now

read/analyze key articles in the document.read/analyze key articles in the document. Only read the number you are assigned! Only read the number you are assigned!

Then you will meet with the rest of your Then you will meet with the rest of your group and teach them about your articles. group and teach them about your articles.

GroupsGroups PINKPINK BLUEBLUE GREENGREEN ORANGEORANGE BROWNBROWN FUSCHIAFUSCHIA

ReviewReview What was What was The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of

the Citizen? the Citizen? What basic rights did it guarantee French What basic rights did it guarantee French citizens? citizens?

The National Assembly promised to write a new The National Assembly promised to write a new constitution for France that promoted equality of all constitution for France that promoted equality of all citizens.citizens.

1.1. Article IArticle I2.2. Article IIIArticle III3.3. Article VIIArticle VII4.4. Article IXArticle IX5.5. Article XIArticle XI6.6. Article XIIIArticle XIII

7.7. List List threethree ways the National Assembly voted to limit the ways the National Assembly voted to limit the power of the Catholic church?power of the Catholic church?

8.8. What did the new Constitution of 1791 rule? What did the new Constitution of 1791 rule? 9.9. Even though a new constitution was written for France, some Even though a new constitution was written for France, some

citizens were still unhappy. Why?citizens were still unhappy. Why?10.10. What type of government did French moderates and radicals What type of government did French moderates and radicals

each want?each want?11.11. Why did Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette flee Paris? Where were Why did Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette flee Paris? Where were

they going? Why?they going? Why?12.12. What happened once the monarchs reached Varennes?What happened once the monarchs reached Varennes?13.13. Why did France declare war on Austria (again!) in 1792? Who Why did France declare war on Austria (again!) in 1792? Who

sided with Austria?sided with Austria?14.14. How did the war with Austria effect French citizens’ views of How did the war with Austria effect French citizens’ views of

the government?the government?15.15. What were the “September Massacres?” What were these What were the “September Massacres?” What were these

radicals fighting for? radicals fighting for?

BELLWORKBELLWORK1.1. After analyzing the Declaration of Rights, which After analyzing the Declaration of Rights, which twotwo articles do articles do

you think brought the biggest changes to France? Why? you think brought the biggest changes to France? Why? Explain! Explain!

2.2. Even though a new constitution was written for France, Even though a new constitution was written for France, citizens were still unhappy………..why?citizens were still unhappy………..why?

3.3. Why did both Louis XVI and the National Assembly adopt the Why did both Louis XVI and the National Assembly adopt the guillotine as the official execution method of France? guillotine as the official execution method of France?

4.4. At this point in the French Revolution, who is in power? What At this point in the French Revolution, who is in power? What do they want? How was this different than previous goals?do they want? How was this different than previous goals?

5.5. Why would a leader choose to rule harshly through fear, Why would a leader choose to rule harshly through fear, censorship and mass executions? censorship and mass executions?

6.6. THINKER: List THINKER: List threethree similarities between the US Constitution, similarities between the US Constitution, the English Bill of Rights, and the French Declaration of Rights.the English Bill of Rights, and the French Declaration of Rights.

The French RepublicThe French RepublicRepublic: Republic: a form of government in which the country is a form of government in which the country is

considered a “public matter” considered a “public matter” Comes from the Latin term: “res publica”Comes from the Latin term: “res publica”

Positions are directly/indirectly elected rather than Positions are directly/indirectly elected rather than inherited inherited

In modern times, a simplified definition of a republic is a In modern times, a simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is NOT a monarch government where the head of state is NOT a monarch

What is the difference?What is the difference? REPUBLICREPUBLIC Representative form of Representative form of

government that is government that is ruled according to a ruled according to a charter/constitutioncharter/constitution

Limits power of leader, Limits power of leader, while protecting while protecting individual rightsindividual rights

DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY Government that is Government that is

ruled by the will of ruled by the will of the majoritythe majority

In a true In a true democracy, the democracy, the majority rules in all majority rules in all circumstancescircumstances

The French RepublicThe French Republic In September 1792, Prussia and In September 1792, Prussia and

Austria invaded France.Austria invaded France. ““All are burning with a desire to All are burning with a desire to

fight! We need boldness….and fight! We need boldness….and France will be saved!” France will be saved!” (Revolutionary, Georges-Jacques (Revolutionary, Georges-Jacques Danton)Danton)

In response to Danton’s words, In response to Danton’s words, thousands of volunteers came thousands of volunteers came forward to defend the revolution.forward to defend the revolution.

French army won! This victory French army won! This victory boosted the spirits of boosted the spirits of revolutionaries.revolutionaries.

French forces had stopped the French forces had stopped the powerful armies of Europe’s powerful armies of Europe’s monarchs and saved the monarchs and saved the revolution.revolution.

““Our soldiers were badly clothed, Our soldiers were badly clothed, they had no straw to sleep on, no they had no straw to sleep on, no blankets, they sometimes went blankets, they sometimes went two days without bread. I never two days without bread. I never once saw them complain … The once saw them complain … The tiredness and hardship they have tiredness and hardship they have suffered have been rewarded”suffered have been rewarded”

French Commander Charles-French Commander Charles-Francois Dumouriez, 1792Francois Dumouriez, 1792

The French RepublicThe French Republic After their victory, the After their victory, the

National Convention National Convention (meeting of National (meeting of National Assembly) met in Paris to Assembly) met in Paris to create a new governmentcreate a new government

Ordered the end of the Ordered the end of the monarchy, and made monarchy, and made France a republic! France a republic!

Meeting from 1792-1795 Meeting from 1792-1795 and passed many and passed many democratic reforms, democratic reforms, mainly, all men could mainly, all men could vote!vote!

The French RepublicThe French Republic Before it could enter a new republican Before it could enter a new republican

era, the Convention had a problem to era, the Convention had a problem to deal with……… Louis XVIdeal with……… Louis XVI

In November 1792, a large iron box In November 1792, a large iron box holding Louis’s secret correspondence holding Louis’s secret correspondence with foreign monarchs was found in the with foreign monarchs was found in the royal palace.royal palace.

Although the letters provided little Although the letters provided little evidence against Louis, the radicals evidence against Louis, the radicals successfully used them to discredit the successfully used them to discredit the monarchs.monarchs.

In December 1792, Louis was tried In December 1792, Louis was tried before the National Convention and before the National Convention and convicted of having “conspired against convicted of having “conspired against the liberty of the nation”the liberty of the nation”

The Death of a KingThe Death of a King In January 1793, Louis XVI was In January 1793, Louis XVI was

executed by the guillotine. executed by the guillotine. ““I forgive my I forgive my

enemies; I trust enemies; I trust that my death will that my death will be for the be for the happiness of my happiness of my people, but I grieve people, but I grieve for France and I for France and I fear that she may fear that she may suffer the anger of suffer the anger of the Lord”the Lord”

Louis XVI as he faced Louis XVI as he faced executionexecution

The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror In the days that followed, enthusiasm and pride swept through In the days that followed, enthusiasm and pride swept through

France! France! Soon, even wealthy Parisians addressed each other as “citizen” Soon, even wealthy Parisians addressed each other as “citizen”

rather than “mister” or “madame”rather than “mister” or “madame” While the nation celebrated the republic, debate over the While the nation celebrated the republic, debate over the

revolution’s future erupted in the Convention.revolution’s future erupted in the Convention. Here, a group of extreme radicals, the Here, a group of extreme radicals, the Jacobins,Jacobins, came into came into

power.power. Important radical leaders, like Important radical leaders, like Maximilien RobespierreMaximilien Robespierre

fought to make the revolution more radical, and more open to fought to make the revolution more radical, and more open to extreme & violent change. extreme & violent change.

They instituted the “Reign of Terror,” (September 1793 – July They instituted the “Reign of Terror,” (September 1793 – July 1794) in which more than 12,000 people were put to death.1794) in which more than 12,000 people were put to death.

Most were killed because they were suspected of helping Most were killed because they were suspected of helping France’s enemies during the Revolution. (80% were France’s enemies during the Revolution. (80% were commoners) commoners)

The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror

RobespierreRobespierre "Terror is nothing else

than justice; prompt, severe, inflexible justice. The government in a revolution is the dictatorship of liberty against tyranny.”  Maximilien Robespierre,

1794

Jacobins celebrating the Jacobins celebrating the death of wealthy aristocrats death of wealthy aristocrats

(left), and when the guillotine (left), and when the guillotine wasn’t quick enough, they wasn’t quick enough, they executed people through executed people through mass shootings (below)mass shootings (below)

A depiction of A depiction of Robespierre Robespierre

guillotining the guillotining the executioner after executioner after having guillotined having guillotined everyone else in everyone else in

FranceFrance

The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror To learn more about this period in French history, we To learn more about this period in French history, we

will read a handout, and you will take notes on the will read a handout, and you will take notes on the following points:following points:

Rule of the JacobinsRule of the Jacobins Why/How people were killedWhy/How people were killed Revolutionary TribunalRevolutionary Tribunal French citizens’ reactions/responsesFrench citizens’ reactions/responses Maximilien de RobespierreMaximilien de Robespierre

CLOSURECLOSURE Time for a TIMELINE!!!Time for a TIMELINE!!! Let’s review over everything we’ve Let’s review over everything we’ve

learned about the French Revolution learned about the French Revolution so far….so far….