Bellringer

• Please place your corrections in the red bin!

• SOL Challenge

• BJOTD: What do giraffes have that no one else has?

The Renaissance

Background

The Crusades stimulated trade by introducing Europeans to many desirable products, and trade promoted frequent contacts with the Byzantine and Muslim Empires.

SIGNIFICANCE: Wealth accumulated from European trade with the Middle East led to the rise of Italian city-states. Wealthy merchants were active civic leaders.

Italy during the Renaissance

Advantages of Location for Northern Italian Cities during the Renaissance

• Florence, Venice, and Genoa1. Had access to trade routes connecting

Europe with Middle Eastern markets2. Served as trading centers for the distribution

of goods to Northern Europe3. Were initially independent city-states

governed as republics

Machiavelli’s Ideas about Power

Background: Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule

• Machiavelli published his ideas in a book called The Prince1. An early modern treatise on government2. Supported absolute rule of the ruler3. Maintains that the ends justify the means4. Advises that one should do good if possible, but

do evil when necessary

Key Concept

• The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. People wealthy from newly expanded trade, called patrons, sponsored works that glorified states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.

Medieval Art vs Renaissance Art

Renaissance Art

1. Human emotions and Feelings

2. Life-like gestures and action

3. Religious and secular (non-religious) themes

4. Greek and Roman Architecture

Art and Literature

• Medieval art and literature-focused on the church and salvation

• Renaissance art and literature-focused on individuals and worldly (secular) matters, along with Christianity

Italian Renaissance Artists and Writers

• Leonardo da Vinci-Mona Lisa and the Last Supper

• Michelangelo-ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and David

• Petrarch-sonnets, humanist scholarship

Leonardo da Vinci

Da Vinci’s Tank

Raphael

Michelangelo

Donatello

Humanism

• Background: classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans fostered humanism in the Italian Renaissance

1. Celebrated the individual2. Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman

literature and culture3. Was supported by wealthy patrons

The Northern Renaissance

• Background-with the rise of trade, travel, and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe

Art and Literature changed as different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas:

1. Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.

2. Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.

3. The moveable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped spread ideas.

Important Artists and Writers of the Northern Renaissance

• Erasmus-The Praise of Folly (1511)• Sir Thomas More-Utopia (1516)• SIGNIFICANCE-that Northern Renaissance

artists portrayed religious and secular subjects

Test Next Class

• Multiple Choice ONLY– The Hemispheres• East

– Trade routes, Japan, African empires

• West– Maya, Inca, Aztec

– The Renaissance

• http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/doing-davinci-tank-test.html