Bellringer—Monday

1. Name the (8) parts of speech

2. What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?

3. Give an example of a common error you or your friends make that is considered plagiarism.

Bellringer—Monday

1. Name the (8) parts of speech 2. What is the difference between primary and

secondary sources? 3. Give an example of a common error you or your

friends make that is considered plagiarism.

Nouns

Nouns describe a

• Person

• Place

• Thing

• Idea (abstract)

Ex. Edgar Allen Poe kingdom

Jealousy tomb

Pronouns

• Words that take the place of nouns so that writing isn’t unnecessarily repetitive.

Articles

• A, an, and the

That’s it!!!

Adjectives

Adjectives describe nouns by answering, “what kind, which one, how many, or how much?” Cursed kingdom Beautiful Annabel Lee

• How do we turn nouns into

adjectives? (see video)

Example? green love

Plagiarism

• A writer duplicates another writer’s language or ideas and then calls the work his or her own.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnTPv9PtOoo

Credible Source

• A credible source is one that is considered reliable for use in research.

• Watch the video and look for 5 characteristics of a credible source! (add to your notes!)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVL1ehDQB0

Credible Source

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVL1ehDQB0&feature=related

Primary vs. Secondary Sources

Primary-

Example: letters and journals of Christopher Columbus

Secondary-

A biography, written years later, where the explorer’s actions are explained and told why his/her discoveries were important.

PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES

Sort the following text types into Primary or

Secondary

Diary telegram photo biography

autobiography song encyclopedias speeches

Letters journals original documents newspaper

articles magazine articles textbooks

Primary Secondary

PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY SOURCES

How did you do???

Diary telegram photo biography

autobiography song encyclopedias speeches

Letters journals original documents newspaper

articles magazine articles textbooks

Primary Secondary

Diary telegram photo

Autobiography

songs/recordings

Speech letter journal

Original document

Notes

Biography

Encyclopedia

Newspaper

Magazine article

Textbooks

CREDIBLE SOURCES

Credible sources and civil rights- You Tube

Bibliography and MLA

• A bibliography is…

– a list of sources provided at the conclusion of a research project, so that a reader may locate your sources for future study.

• The Modern Language Association (MLA)…

– sets expectations and rules for citing sources so that we all site sources the same way.

WHY MUST YOU DO A BIBLIOGRAPHY?

• 1. To acknowledge/give credit to sources for any summarized or paraphrased material

• 2. To show that you are respectfully borrowing other people’s ideas, not stealing them

• 3. To offer additional information to your readers who may wish to further pursue your topic

• 4. To give readers an opportunity to check out your sources for accuracy

• 5. Bibliographies are REQUIRED for ALL academic papers

WHAT MUST BE INCLUDED IN A BIBLIOGRAPHY?

• AUTHOR

• TITLE

• PLACE OF PUBLICATION

• PUBLISHER

• DATE OF PUBLICATION

• PAGE NUMBER(S) (For articles from magazines, journals, periodicals, newspapers, encyclopedias, or in anthologies).

Bibliography and MLA

Website

1. Title of Page: Children’s Alliance: Child Obesity

2. Title of Website: Children’s Alliance

3. Date of access: use today’s date

4. URL (Web address): http://www.childrensalliance.org/childfacts/childhood-obesity.cfm

Bibliography and MLA

Magazine Article

1. Author: Carmen Wong Ulrich

2. Article Title: Stop Stressing Over Money-Now!

3. Magazine Title: Health

4. Date: April 2006

5. Pages: 126-128

Bibliography and MLA

Book

1. Author: Edward Cornish

2. Title: Futuring: The Exploration of the Future

3. City of Publication: Bethesda, Maryland

4. Publisher: World Future Society

5. Date: 2004

Primary vs. Secondary Source

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV7aZiJABag&feature=related

•

GRAMMAR • Nouns:

http://www.schooltube.com/video/21001073474c19344891/

• Pronouns:

http://www.schooltube.com/video/cf3e7fff3db76def26a8/

• Adjectives:

http://www.schooltube.com/video/964198d6a8d99911f4dc/

• Articles

Verbs— http://www.schooltube.com/video/e388bbec8911133a9e35/school%20house%20rock%20ver

b

• A word that expresses action or a state of being

• Action

• ran, played, talking, jump, etc.

• State of Being

• am, is, are, was, were, will, can, etc.

• Remember verb tenses?

• -s, -ed, -ing

Adverbs— http://www.schooltube.com/video/054c4aca89b412d90612/

• Tells…

• where—(then, now, etc.)

• when—(yesterday, today, etc.))

• how—(successfully, cheerfully, easily, etc.)

• how often—(always, never, daily, etc.))

• how long—(briefly, etc.)

• to what extent—(very, especially, etc.)

• how much—(often, etc.)

• Hint: Many end in –ly (quickly, daily, etc.)

Interjections— http://www.schooltube.com/video/5eb2d59975159f0343b7/School%20House%20Rock%20-

%20Interjections

• A word that expresses emotion

• Interjections are usually..

• followed by an exclamation point—Yikes!

• set off by a comma—Well,…

• set off by two commas—I’d guess, oh, two

pounds.

Conjunctions— http://www.schooltube.com/video/9d37200dbcb55fe20cfc/School%20House%20Rock%20-

%20Conjunction%20Junction%20(Grammar%20Rock)

• A word that joins words or word groups

• Two types:

• Coordinating (, conjunction)—FANBOYS

• Ex: My dog is afraid, so he is hiding under

the bed.

• Correlative/Subordinate—Glue words

• Ex: Since we played outside, we were tired.

• Ex: We were tired because we played

outside.

Prepositions— http://www.schooltube.com/video/2163c5107660f0348ed2/Grammar%20Rock%20

Preposition

• A word that shows the relationship of a noun or

pronoun to another word

• Hint: anywhere a mouse can go! (above,

through, over, past, into, in, inside, etc.)

• Other examples—according to, from, out of,

throughout, without

Example:

The waves crashed…under, on, against, in front

of the rocks.

Begin sentence types and

sentence errors!

Practice quiz—class set

Sentence Fragment Starting with pg. 4

Missing a:

Subject OR

Verb OR

Not a complete thought

Fused Run-on sentence:

(2) complete sentences without

any punctuation

Add a semicolon

Add a , conjunction

Add a period

Comma Splice Run-on sentence:

Inserting a comma between (2)

complete sentences---WRONG!

Simple Sentence: Starting on pg. 3

one independent clause

no subordinate clauses

Compound Sentence:

two or more independent

clauses

no subordinate clauses

Complex Sentence:

one independent clause

at least one subordinate

clause.

Compound-Complex Sentence:

two or more independent

clauses

at least one subordinate

clause.

Propaganda techniques

Clipart-Microsoft Office XP 2002

Whose voice guides your choice?

What is Propoganda?

Propaganda is the use of

facts, ideas, or claims to

persuade people to support

a particular opinion.

The trick: author’s only

provide facts and opinions

that support their view.

Propaganda is …

… form of communication

… aimed at swaying or

influencing your attitude

Experts vs.Big Names

Example: Former U.S. president Bill Clinton thinks that junk food should be taken out of vending machines.

Experts? Professionals with specialized knowledge Big Names? Famous,

Big name or

expert?

Quoting Experts

• Experts are professionals who work and or

study a specific topic or area of knowledge.

• Often includes physicians, lawyers,

professors, researchers and analysts.

Big Names

• Insert celebrity Ad

Statistics

Example: A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy.

Factual information told in numbers or some measurable way.

Emotional Appeal/Loaded Words

The use of words that evoke strong emotional responses.

Compassionate moms

who love their babies

choose B diapers.

Gentle fibers nurture a

baby’s skin.

Emotional Appeal/Loaded language

Example: Your generous donation might just get this puppy off the street and into a safe home.

Specific words or images intended to connect a reader’s emotional response to a persuasion topic. (sad puppy= adoption ads)

Emotional words example:

luxury, beautiful, paradise, economical Used to evoke positive feelings

Happiness

Fun

Flag (patriotism)

Glittering Generalities

• Similar to

emotional appeal,

language that works

hard to play on

your emotions, but

isn’t always logical.

―Pure, fresh, mountain

spring water. Bottled

especially for you in Utah

from only our purest

mountain springs.‖

What seems a bit

―illogical‖ to you?

Glittering Generality example: Gatorade: "Life is a

sport, drink it up!“

That sounds good,

but what does it

mean??

Repetition A repeated phrase used to create a desired effect---sometimes with the help of sound devices such as alliteration or assonance.

―You'll never put a

better bit of butter

on your knife."

~ Country Life

Butter slogan

Research

Example: According to Dr. Spock, a representative from ABC Medical Center, a recent study found that students who watch TV during the week don’t do as well in school.

The use of scientific “study” to form facts and gather info

Bandwagon Strategy that insists that “everybody’s doing it”—that the audience should join the “majority”

8 out of ten college

athletes depend on Z

sports drink to quench

their thirst during the

game.

Testimonial

Example: It’s easy. It’s

fast. It feels good!

And now, thanks to my

purchase, I can shake it

up at home where it’s

convenient,‖

Relies on the “story” or “experience” of an individual with whom the audience can identify.

What is Bias?

• Bias is an unfair prejudice about someone

or something.

• It doesn’t allow for exceptions.

• It usually shows extreme favor or disfavor

for a product, group, etc.

Examples of Bias • Individuals that wear all black?

• Others based on appearance? (What types of

judgments do we place on certain styles of dress

and appearance?)

• Bias based on ethnicity? (What things do we

pretend to know about certain races or cultural

groups?)

• Gender? (What do or can all girls do? Boys? How

do boys act? Girls?)

• Geographic locations (like Kentuckians)

Relevant vs. Irrelevant Relevant

“logical” argument

Info that is practical and supports a claim

well

Irrelevant

Off topic

Has claims that are unrelated

Let’s practice Persuasive terms on

the back of the practice quiz handout!

Claim/Thesis

Example: I am going to try to convince you that chocolate is a healthy snack.

Statement of your argument.

Thesis Statement Format

Opposing side, my opinion

because three reasons.

Although it is popular in some states,

nuclear power is not a reliable power

source because it is dangerous, it is

more expensive than the alternatives,

and it causes pollution.

Example of a thesis statement: A. Topic: nuclear power

B. Opposing View: Nuclear power is a popular in

some places.

C. Opinion: Nuclear power is a not an reliable

power source .

D. 3 Reasons

1.It is potentially dangerous

2. It is more expensive than other alternatives.

3. It causes water, land and air pollution.

Although it is popular in some states, nuclear power is not a

reliable power source because it is dangerous, it is more

expensive than the alternatives, and it causes pollution.

Now…write this example and

label it!

Opposing side, my opinion

because three reasons.

Although it is popular in some states,

nuclear power is not a reliable power

source because it is dangerous, it is

more expensive than the alternatives,

and it causes pollution.

Thesis statement = A+B+C + D Although it is popular in some states, nuclear

power is not a reliable power source because

it is dangerous, it is more expensive than the

alternatives, and it causes pollution.

Thesis---Let’s Try this… A. Topic : Keep Study Hall or Get Rid of

B. Opposing Opinion:

C. My opinion:

D. Three Reasons

-

-

-

Main idea

Main idea of the entire passage

Topic sentences:

States the topic of each paragraph

Points 1 2 and 3 from thesis statement

Supporting Details:

Stay on topic and support your thesis statement/topic sentences

Main Idea? Detail? Not Supporting Detail?

1. ______A study at one prison show that owning a pet can change a hardened prison inmate into a more caring person.

2. ______Another study discovered that senior citizens, both those living alone and those in nursing homes, became more interested in life when they were given pets to care for.

3. ______These animals are certainly helpful to mental illness, but require a lot of care, money, and maintenance.

4. ______ Even emotionally disturbed children have been observed to smile and react with interest if there is a cuddly kitten or puppy t o hold.

5. ______ Animals, then, can be a means of therapy for many kinds of individuals.

Transitions - SORT THESE!

First, similarly, on the other hand, therefore, consequently,

finally, eventually, likewise, however, even though,

although, Later, as a result,

Sequence Compare Contrast Cause and Effect

Formal vs. Informal?

• See video

• Letter editing activity (handout—class set)

Redundant

• Repetitive (repeating yourself over and over!)

Reading Strategies & Informational

Text—starting with page 1

Inference is an educated guess. Every good

inference needs evidence from the text to

support it.

Objective Summary: For a story, you should

retell the plot elements. For Nonfiction, retell

the main idea plus some major details.

Informational Reading

MAIN IDEA- Central idea of the entire passage—every

paragraph has to support the main idea

STATED- Main idea is written directly in the article. It is

usually the first sentence but can be anywhere in the

paragraph. (Same as topic sentence)

IMPLIED- Main idea is found by reading each sentence and

deciding what major idea the author is trying to teach you

using these sentences.

Summary vs. Paraphrase

Summarize- Use the basic idea of a source, but make

the summarized idea shorter and in your own words.

Paraphrasing- Use the basic idea, but change the

language and the order of the words. The idea and

length do not change.

What activities make these concepts important? (Think

back to what we’ve written this year)

Author’s Purpose

Persuade—advertisement, editorial, speech

Inform—encyclopedia, textbook, documentary

Entertain—movie, comic books, fiction stories,

poetry

Text Structures:

Sequence/Chronological Order—steps Ex. Recipes,

directions, timelines first, lastly,

Compare/Contrast—finds similarities and differences

between (2) things on the other hand, however

Ex: “Flipped,” Poetry O.R.Q.

Problem/solution—states a problem and offers a solution

Cause/effect—gives the causes of an issue and its effects

Process/Procedure--how to do something

Verb Tense

Describes when an action or state of being took place.

Parallel Structures:

Keep the sentence the same tense when listing

Maintain the same structure in sentences!

Stacy enjoys the park, riding horses, and does painting.

Why is the example wrong?

Write a sentence in present tense

Write a sentence in past tense

Write a sentence in future tense

WARNING- Effort today may lead to a

successful final exam

Part 1- 44. Dashes

33. Sentence types 45. Quotation Marks

34. Sentence Errors 46. STOP

35. Redundancy

36. Transitions

41. Commas

A, B, C, D, and E

42. Colons

43. Semi-colons

If a term or item has an

explanation next to it, note it

PLUS at least one example

exercise! Take this practice

seriously, and tomorrow, you’ll be

glad you did!

This student, _________, studied their

language arts study guide packet the

ENTIRE time during study hall.

Date: ___________________

Teacher’s signature: _______________

Reward: (5) additional points added to

your final exam.

Write this down!